lili
I B M A .
1 3 0 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
with the “ sasa ” of the Syrians, and “ aura krökötheilöu ” of Osthanes ; “ IgiriöSssan ” is a word
used by Homer il. iii. 152, and the “ leirion” is mentioned in the Hesiodic theogon. 41, the Hymn
to Ceres 427, Pindar nem. 2. 7, by Dioscorides as coronary and employed medicinally, affording an
ointment called “ söusinön : ” L. candidum was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Fraas, irequent
in the gardens of Greece ; by Hawkins, and Chaubard, in some instances seemingly wild. Westward,
the “ krinon vasilikon ” or “ ISirion ” is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the “ avivlavon ” of the Numidians,
and “ rosa iöunönis ” or “ lilioum ” of the Romans; “ Candida lilia ” and “ grandia lilia ” are
mentioned by Virgil ; the “ lilium ” by Plorace, Propertius iv. 4, Columella, by Pliny xxi. u as one
of the tallest flowers, sometimes three cubits high, its neck always bending under a head distinguished
for whiteness, the narrow base expanding gradually with lips around turned backwards from central
saffron borne on a slender thread ; “ oleum liliaceum ” is also mentioned by Palladius : L. candidum
was known to Walafridus Strabus (F. Adams), and Macer Floridus 23 ; is figured “ somewhere about
14S0 ” in an engraving by Martin Schongauer (Lindl. gardn. chron. ii. p. 7 « ; is described by Lobel
pl. 183, is termed “ 1. album vulgare ” by Tournefort inst. 369 ; is a well known garden-fiower throughout
Europe, and has been found seemingly wild in Switzerland and near Cadiz (Pers.). By European
colonists, was carried prior to 1657 to New England (poem Bradf. in hist. coll. iii.), where as well
as throughout our Northern and Middle States it continues a favourite in gardens. (See Pancratium
Illyricum, and Iris sambucina). '
1312 B. C. = “ 55th year of Ramessu I I.,” death of one of his sons Shaemuas, who for a long
time was governor of Memphis. His mummy — has been found there in the Serapeum, “ in one
of the chambers of the mummies of the hill Apis ” (Birch).
1307 B. C. ( = 1240 + “ 83 y e a r s ” of ten lunations of Ex. vii. 7), Aaron born to Amram and
Jochebed.
Clearly after the birth of Aaron, the Ordinance of the king of Egypt respecting the Israelites:
“ Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive ” (Ex. i. 22).
As early possibly as this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentley as. res. viii. p. 232),
Galava reigning in Hindustan.
1305 B. C. ( = 1304 y. 246-J-f d. = 1240 -)- “ 80 y e a r s ” of ten lunations of Ex. vii. 7), Moses
born to Amram and Jochebed.
Cyperus dives of Tropical marshes from the Red Sea to Hindustan. The flags “ swph ” among
which the infant Moses was placed (ex. ii. 3 to 5), growing along “ the brooks of defence ” according
to Isaiah xix. 6, gave the name “ ym swph ” (Psalm cvi. 7 to 22 and cxxxvi. 13) to the Red Sea, in
Egyptian “ phiom ntshari ” (transl. Sept. ex. x. 19), and therefore correspond to the Egyptian “ saris
” — rendered “ calamus ” or “ juncus ” in ms. Borg, (compare also R. Salomo, Forskal p. 24, and
C. Mull, geogr. min. i. p. 112) : the “ sari ” is described by Theophrastus iv. 8. 2 to 5 as growing in
water in the marshes and flat land of Egypt, its stems thick as the thumb and two cubits high, triangular
as in the papyrus with a similar top, and in like manner chewed for the juice : C. dives, four to
five feet high with radical leaves three feet long and rough with small prickles, was observed by
Lippi, and Clot-Bey, in Egypt, by Delile pl. 4 under cultivation in the wet plains of the Delta, its
stems split for making mats. Eastward, was observed by Fresnel at the extremity of the Sinai
peninsula near T o r ; and is known to grow in Hindustan (confounded according to Delile in herbaria
with the next species).
Cyperus alopecuroides of Tropical marshes from the Red Sea to Hindustan. Probably included
in the “ swph ” in question ; — observed by Delile intermingled in cultivation with C. dives, and used
for the same purpose. Eastward, is known to grow in Tropical Arabia (Pers.) ; was observed by
Graham in the environs of Bombay, by Roxburgh i. 208 in other parts of Hindustan. From transported
specimens, is described by Rottboell xxxviii. pl. 8, and Willdenow (Steud.).
The same year = “ Ö2d year of Ramessu IL ,” on a stela — nowin Florence; the latest date in
his reign found on the monuments.
The same year ( = 1365 y. 10 mo. — “ 61 yrs .” in the Afr.-Maneth. table), the acces-
I sion of Mienptah, thirteenth son of Ramessu II. and now fourth king of the Nine-
I teenth dynasty, not earlier than this date. He is next on the monuments, — and
immediately follows Ramessu II. in the series of kings at Medinet Abu.
The same year = “ is t of Mienptah,” in a tablet at Silsilis, recording offerings to
the gods Amon-Ra and Hapi — (Birch) ; the earliest instance known of the worship of Amon, which
could not be traced by Lepsius beyond the Twentieth dynasty (Buns, v. 4, 4, see Jupiter).
About three miles beyond Girgeh and on the Eastern margin of the river-flat where some mounds
of rubbish mark the site of an ancient city (possibly the lost “ Lepidotum ” ), one of the chambers or
tombs excavated in the face of the cliff contains ovals of king Mienptah, — observed by myself.
Nineteenth generation. Jan, ist, 1300, mostly beyond youth : the Egyptian prophet Amenophis
(Maneth. in Jos. c. A. i. 26) : Ammiliud (Num. i. 10, ii. 18, vii. 48, x. 22, and I Chron. vii. 26), Ara-
I h l f T w / l ' 33. xxvii. I. and Josh.
3)) Un son of Hur (Ex. xxxv. 30) : and among Greeks.
^0 he 0me year ( = 1365 y. 10 mo. — “ 66 y. 2 mo ” of Manetho in Jos. c. A. = 1412 y. 2 mo.
0 61 years of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Amënôphis or Amënôphath or Ammënëpthês, a dale
f r o / ' t ì l We by Mienptah over the Libyans and their allies invading
from the West, the Shakalusha or Sicilians, Tursha or Etruscans, Akainsha or Greeks, and Luka or
« C lan s the number of the enemy slam is set down at “ 12,535 ” - on the temjile at Medinet Abu.
(The date at least is one of the three regarded as established by De Rougë with absolute certainty
De Saulcy acad. inscript Apr. 7th 1876 in Boston Transcript of May 51I1 1876).
C h r o H 4 7 ) " ° ° ° ^ ‘^°'* Masrekah, now fifth king of Edom (Gen. xxxvi. 36, and i
0 9 ^ 0 ( = >268 - f “ 30 years ” of Euseb. i. and ii., and S yn c lll.) accession of Balatores or
Bffletaras as Assyrmri emperor ; (according to Bion, Alex. PolyhisL, and Agath. ii. 25 p. .19) head
ot a new or Second dynasty. , “ pyncau
The same year = “ 8th year of Mienptah,” in private letters — (Birch)
(Glid^ aUre/ tV ^ Mienptah occurs also at San or Zoan, and in his own tomb at Bab-el-meluk
I ™ J 11., a king of the Nineteenth dyna.sty, not earlier
than this date. — He immediately follows Mienptah in the series of ki'ngs at Medinet
I Abu.
The same year = “ ist year of Seti Mienptah I I .,” latest date in the Sallier and sim-
. liar papyri on the campaigns of Ramessu II. — (Leps. eg. and sin. 394).
1297 B. C. — “ 2d year of Seti Mienptah 11.,” on a pillar at Silsilis — (Birch).
On a tablet at Abusimbel, Seti Mienptah II. is represented as a conqueror: his name occurs also
at Karnak and « x o r in Thebes, on various stelæ, and in his own tomb at Bab-el-meluk : a fine statue
A 0 0 “ »‘M at Thebes — IS now in the British museum, the anciently-erased name “ S e t ” showino-
Glid * n a t o 7 ‘ god Set for Osiris was subsequent to his reign (Birch, and
The nmne of Amunmessu, a king of the Nineteenth dynasty, occurs in his own tomb
at Bab-elaneluk. The name of his wife is also known, but whether he preceded or
I iollowed Set! Mienptah II., has not been ascertained — (Birch). He is omitted in the
[ series of kings at Medinet Abu.
, , „ ^ odorata oí Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The sweet-scented violet
called in Britain March violet from the season of flowering (Prior), in Germany “ veilchen ”
(Grieb), m France “ violette” (Nugent), in Italy “ v io la ” or “ viola mammola” or “ mammoletta ”
a e n z ) , 0 Greece “ viôlëta ” (Sibth.) or “ mënëxë,” in Egypt “ benæfsidj” (Forsk ), in Egyptian
lan - ( K ' f c f o ) : observed in the gardens of Egypt by Abd-allatif, Forskal, Dehle, Clot-bey, and
found by myself a general favourite. Northward, the “ iôn ” or “ ion ” is mentioned by Homer od. v.
0 , Pindar, Ari0 ophanes, Plato conv. 212, and Theophrastus ; the “ ion pôrphuroun ” is described by
Dioscm-ides as having a fragrant flower, its purple portion given as medicine to children • V odorata
was observed by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople ; by Sibthorp, and Fraas, in moist shady
places on the mountains of Greece. Westward, the “ ia ” is identified by Pliny xxi. 14 to 76 with the
puiple-fioweied vtola cultivated as well as growing wild; the “ v io la ” and “ violarium” bed of
violets are mentioned by Cicero, Varrò, Horace, Virgil, and Columella, the Romans having “ a wine
made of violet flowers and it is said they are still used in the preparations of the Grand Siroior’s
sheibet (Pereira, and Lmdl.) : V. odorata is described by C. Bauhin pin. 199; is termed “ £ martin
purpurea flore simplici odoro” by Tournefort inst. 419; was observed by Lenz wild in Italy is
known to 0OW in shaded situations as far as Denmark (fl. Dan, pi. 309, Pers., and A. Dec.), and is
«sides^cuUivated. Eastward from the Mediterranean, is called in Hindustanee “ banafsna ” or “ na-
iarman 0 roz.0 and was observed by Law cultivated near Bombay (Graham) ; by Mason, “ exotic ”
m Lurmah ; by Krompfer, and Thunberg, in Japan and called “ kotjo ” or “ kotjo so,” also “ kinsai ”
or Sim,re. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, wliere it continues in gardens,
and according to A. Gray “ sometimes grows .spontaneously ne.ar dwellings.” Its petals
accm-dmg to Lindley are “ used as a laxative for children.”
\ / I ' ^ Miamim,” in a papyrus (Leps. eg and '
jn . ) . His accession not later than this date; and he immediately follows Seti
Mienptah II. — in the series of kings at Medinet Abu.
His name occurs at Sarabit-el-Khadim in the Sinai peninsula, in the Oueeos valley
to- A J i ®"Mmn - now in the British museum (Glid. analect.1 and Birchl
of “ï/ fn . 7 to Manetho) wished the privilege,accorded to his predecessor Horus
eein„ the ,,o d s . and under advice from the prophet Amënôphis to clear Egypt of lepers
l i t é J .
9111