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■ l i + + ? 55'„rpTo'l’e * V n " ' ‘ “ '” ° ' t a ' " ' ‘ "1”“ “ "'" “ R o „ .,b y P ,„ fc ta y A p io ..,.n
nf fl" 7 U 0 ” lU'+ftftft- E- "ft®"* Antiochus V II., the last Syrian king having the “ years
annLd tt?h e f®i v®e" ®so"‘n"s® of Antio®c0h'“us- VWI. "—"" The‘ hwea rs uccocnetsinsiuoend e“ntswueedlv, eb”e tyweeaerns. his son Antiochus Eusebes
As early perhaps as this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentl), Sudharma reigning in
cUalil/eUd +SaOtaTdh anv®a nft' in tfhe' 7Pu"r anas (B‘'u"frt"n .‘ '“i. ®4 30 to ii. 7P7a8t)a.liputra on the G a n g es-(A v a d a n asok.)
kingTm pah” of Burmah, confirmed by Ceylon hist.. Mason
ttoo an’bboouUtf oth®is dTa+te 1b y Mahanama, aEnudd ihna tchoem Smaritat-esda ntog rwahriat in(Mg ianx .C Meyiliolnl .p . Txhixe) .transaction is referred
iinnttoo IS1h+an ", ftaft"n’d? :th?e'n’ cwer mitt e“nA o.r iDgi. na1l7l6y 8i”n iPnatoli ,T paolassinibgl y( Masa seoanrl y5 9a3s ).t*his date. — It has been translated
U / “°U fo 7 / ‘(s®ee Hale) *® thespesia populnea, they transferred here its Taheitian
ccaalleldl eonU TSahVeit«i / /a“va" -i rai ■ (Bert.), on the Hawaiia• n "IEslha"n kdas v“a apwepap”e r(,G auuprdi.g)h, ti na nHda wbariainanch Tinagh, eiisrtkaavvUa
” r(H/ îaele+) ' kk novvn +to +th+e‘ ""f0irs"t" "c oRloanriasttosn ogaf nN aenwd ZTeoanlgaannd , “f okra vtha,e”y tthrea nbsefevrerreadg ei tsf ronmam iet s tor oPot
remarkable for being the only known species growing beyond the T r o p ic s .-P . methysti-
cun^^wa^bserved by Forster esc. 76 on the Hawaiian Taheitian and Tongan Islands, by Gaudichaud
aLndd SSaam/oranT IsslUannd // and storbeyd Breorotetsr o anodn sTtaemhesi tio;n btyh em yTseolnf,g aunn daenr dc uFlteievjaeteiaonn oIsnl atnhdes HaIwna iitahne
iUng /tfo oth e LT isb7o®n comm™eftn'''t^s® “ b hya vaa G ” eonro e“s ae vpai l”o td r“inhka visa ”k nwoawsn ptrhoecruer. ed at the Moluccas, and accord^
llracoena ternunalis of the Papuan archipelago. Called in Burmah “ kwon-len-net ” (Mason)
U d Ta U X “ "ft U '® ” ‘h® Hawaiian Islands
iinn SSaaTmnoo. an and' TT ongan 7</ Tit i , Z(HXal’e ): known tob yt hPeo lyfinresst iacnosl o“n itsit,”s aonfd Ntheew c inZcetaularen do,f fiotsr leina vietss
«/® p® d h®ft' '■®:^ 0 , 0 "’® ""°‘ber species, D . A u stra lis.— E. term ináis was
s/enenC el sewhtfe r"e’,f t' an erdóiUblie’í ®fa nn^ a®c e"o'u™s®-r‘oroo°te°d‘® vd avriaertiye tnya ntuartaulriazelidz eodn oTna htheiet i Hanadw apiiearnh aIpssl acnudltsi vaantedd noont
0 tia some twenty varieties mostly edible distinguished and cultivated by the natives of the Samoan
Islands, and one yellow-feaved variety furnishing the cinctures generally worn, one variety in culti-
0 e0 round on Tongatabu, and a very large-leaved banana-like variety on the Feejean Islands near
dvvelltngs and also m wild situations : var. terrea, the red-leaved variety, was first met with on Manna
B1 la/ n0co° I.t i• s ®p®1l antf e®da bK®y thVe.’ ®n ativ'"es“ 7f"o r ‘'o"‘r"n"'a"’mróe’n ta f; teirs wtaerrmdse do n“ ttehrem iPnahliilaip rpuibnreas ,” wbhy eRreu macpchoiurds iinvg. ntlo
34; IS known to occur ,n China (Pers.) ; was observed by Mason 420 to 814 “ exotic ” in Burmah
planted by the natives; by Roxburgh, in Hindustan ; by Graham, as far as Bombay, “ common il
gaulens mtroduced from China.” Transported to Europe, is described by Jacquin ic. ii. pl. 448,
^anrcdc nR neoduousctés. hliac. pl. 91 ; and from Europe was carried to Northeast America, where it continues in
“ T T T X X " ' ' X ° + ‘'7 „S"0 " 0 >"nds. The Polynesian bamboo is called in Feejeean
• T ’ • kofe or “ kohe ” or “ koe ” or “ ’ofe ” or “ ’ohe,” a knife made from it
m Tikopian kofe, and an arrow in Taheitian “ ohe ” (H ale) : known to the first colonists of New
Zealand, for they retained its name “ kohe ” as the word for knife ; - observed by myself near a plantât,
on on the Feejeean Islands, in wild situations on the Hawaiian and Taheitian, and to all appearance
md.genous ,n the deep forest on Savaii : the universal use of its stems as a substitute for water-
casks and its easy propagation, suggest the mode of transport from island to island. From »rowin»
m beds and its brittle stem, may prove a peculiar species, but I did not meet with it flow erin?
“ W i T T f T T i Eo+b®™,Hindustan. A large Dipterocarpous tree called in Malabar irub0g,am (Drur.) ; and the lone -hopea,” under which according to the Miilamuli the good man
took up h's abode - (Mason 598), may be compared ; H. parviflora was observed by Beddome pl 6
m Malabar and Cañara, in moist and dry forests as far as the elevation of “ thirty-five hundred feet ”
and m south Cañara its timber much valued for temple buildings (D rur.).
Hopea Wightiana of Southern Hindustan. A large tree called in Tamil “ kongoo ” or “ kon» ”
ito i
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OF A C COM PA N Y ING A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S. 4 3 9
“ 93 B. C.” (Sm. b. d.), the two sons of Ariarathes VI. having been successively driven from the
throne of Cajtpadocia by Mithridates VI. ; through Roman influence, Ariobarzanes elected king by the Cappadocians.
y h i ia verticillata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece “ plcmönö-
horton ; ” and the “ chiliodynamam ” of the Cappadocians called “ polemoniam ” or “ philetaeriam ”
from kings contending for the discovery — (Plin. xxv. 27), described by Dioscorides as growing in
rough mountainous situations and having its root a cubit long and above the leaves corymbs in which
are black seeds, by Apsyrtus hipp. as resembling “ kalaminthë të platëia ” but more hoary and havin»
a heavy odour, may be compared : S. verticillata was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, irequen"
from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus. Westward, the “ polemonium ” is mentioned by Varrò:
S. verticillata is descnbed by Rivinus monop. pl. 38 ; is termed “ horminum sylvestre latifolium ver-
t(iPceilrlas.t)u.m” by Tournefort inst. 17S; and is known to grow in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland
“ 92 B. C.” (Liv., and C lint), in Cappadocia, ambassadors received by Sulla from Arsaces kin»
of Parthia the first public transaction between the Romans and Parthians. ”
“ In this year ” (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, Rutilius Rufus on his return from Asia accused unjustly and
banished. He retired to Smyrna, accompanied by his friend Opilius Aurelius.
Cortaría myrtifolia of the Mediterranean countries. The NAVTEA-HERBA bearin» black
berries and used by curriers, mentioned by Opilius Aurelius, — Pompeius Festus, and Paufus Dia-
conus_, may be compared : C. myrtifolia is described by Duhamel pl. 73, and Linnæus ; is known to
grow in Barbary, Spain, and Southern France (Pers.)- Eastward, was observed by Chaubard in the
Peloponnesus. The fruit according to Lindley is “ a dangerous poison,” and “ senna adulterated with
the leaves equally dangerous.”
_ Sempervivum techrum of Western Europe. Called in Britain aye-green or sengreen or houseleek
(PnoQ , m Welsh “ dislog ” (A. D ec.), in France “ joubarb,” in Italy “ erba da ca li” or “ sopravvivolo
or semprevivo maggiore ” (Lenz), in which we recognize the “ sempervivum ” identiiied by
Plmy xix. 58 and xxv. 102 with the “ aizoum ” or “ sedum ” in whose juice seeds are soaked to prevent
destruction by vermin : the “ sedum ” is identified by Pompeius Festus with the S E S VVI V M planted
on roofs ot Opilius Aurelius, — and its seeds are commended for the above purjrose by Columella ii.
9. 10 to X I . 3. 61, and Palladius x. 3. 2: the “ iovis barba” of Isidorus etym., the capitularia of
Charlemagne, Platearius, and the Ortus s^nitatis 57, is referred here by writers ; S. tectorum is
termed “ sedum majus vulgare ” by Tournefort inst. 262 ; is known to grow wild as far as Lu»a in
Russia (Gorter) and rocks on the Lower Loire ; and is regarded by A. Decandolle as introduced" into
Britain probably before the Roman Conquest. Eastward, was observed by Sestini on roofs at
Constantinople (Sibth.). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues
to be cultivated for ornament. According to Lindley, “ the leaves are cooling when applied
externally and frequently renewed.” (See S. arboreum.)
9t B. C. = “ 27th year o f” Ptolemy VII I.), possibly the date of the Second inscription at Adule.
i he author speaks of pacifying nations on the border of his kingdom and capturing “ Gaze, A»amë ”
(possibly Agamia in Tigre), and “ Siguën ; ” also “ Aua, Tiamö sometimes called Tziamö’” (Tzama
in Tigre), “ Gamvela, Ziggavënë, Aggavë, Tiama, Athagaôus, Kalaa, and the Sëmënai dwelling on
/now y mountains beyond the N ile ” (Samen beyond the Atbara branch); then “ Lasinë, Zaa, and
Cavala (Galla ?) “ dwelling on mountains that emit hot springs ; Atalmo, and Vëga ; the Taggaitas
0 0 0 7 ® Hgyp‘'"" border, thereby opening a path from my kingdom to Egypt ; then Anninë, and
Mëtinë ; Sësëa dwelling on a very lofty mountain ; ” also, “ Rausön an inland nation of livanötöphörön
varvarön (Berbera), and the “ Sôlatë to whom I committed the charge of the sea co ast;” also
‘‘sending a fleet and army across the Red Sea I subdued the Aravitas and Kinaithökölpitas, and
com p/led their kings to pay tribute and keep the travel safe by land and sea, extending my conquests
nom Lëukcs kömes to Savëôn ” (Azab) ; and “ of all my predecessors being the first and only kin»
who has subjected all these nations I give thanks to the great god Mars, my father, by whose assist"-
ance have extended my authority over all neighbouring nations from the East to the ‘ livanötöphöröu ’
country, and from the W est to Aithiopias and Sasou ; ” and “ peace being established, I have come
(Drur.) ; and possibly the “ hopea ” in question : — H. Wightiana was observed by Wight, and Bedtdhoem
per, eccoemdimngo ns pienc tiehse (wDersuterr.)n. forests at Tinnevelly, its timber very valuable and similar to that of
Vatica en-khyen of Burmah. A Dipterocarpous tree, in a grove of which according to the Bur-
mese books Gaudama died, — believed also by the natives to have furnished “ much of the petrified
0 d along the Irawaddy (Mason 528 to 737) : V. en-khyen was observed by Mason in Pe»u and
tenasserim, “ though not very abundant.” “
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