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“ water b e e ch ” ( C a r p i n u s A m e r i c a n a ' ) , “ common b e e ch ” and “ beechnnts” ( F a g u s f e r r u g in e c C ) ,
“ hedge beech ” ( C e l t i s O c c i d e n t a l i s ? ) , “ axe-handle wood” “ two species of canoe wood”
( L i r i o d e n d r o n t u l i p i f e r a , and . . . . ) , “ linden ” ( T i l i a A m e r i c a n a ) , “ willow ” ( S a l i x n i g r a ) , “ tliorn ”
( C r a loe g u s t o m e n t o s a ) , “ e ld e r” ( S a m b u c u s C a n a d e n s i s ) , “ plums but not many” ( P r u n u s A n i e r i -
c a n a ) , “ black currants” ( R i b e s f l o r i d u m ) , “ gooseberries” ( G r o s s u l a r i a l i i r i e l l a ) , “ small apples ”
( M a l u s c o r o n a r i a ) , “ artichokes which grow under ground” ( H e l i a n t h u s t u b e r o s u s ) , “ grap e s” some
“ very la rg e ” ( EiVA/«¿/'/«ra)“ and others sm all” ( V . oe s t i v a l i s ) , a r e enumerated: and of medicinal
plants, “ the true snake-root” ( A r i s t o l o c h i a s e r p e n t a r ia ) , “ Venus’ ha ir” ( A d i a n t u m p e d a t u m ) , “ hart’s
ton gue ” ( S c o l o p e n d r i u m o f f i c i n a r u m ) , '‘ lingwort” ( H u d s o n i a e r i c o i d e s ) , “ polypody” ( P o l y p o d i u m
v u l g a r e ) , “ priest’s sh oe ” ( C y p r i p e d i u m a c a u l e ? ) , “ sea-beach ora ch ” ( A t r i p l e x h a s t a t a ) , “ water
germander” ( T e z i c r l u m C a n a d e n s e ) , “ tower-mustard” ( T u r r i t i s g l a b r a ) , “ crowfoot” ( R a n u n c u l u s
a c r i s and R . r e p e n s ) , “ crane’s bill ” ( G e r a n i u m m a c u l a t u m ) , “ false eglantine ” ( R o s a C a r o l i n a ? ) ,
■‘ lau re l” ( K a lm i a l a t i f o l i a ) , “ v io le t” ( V i o l a c u c u l l a t a and V . s a g i t t a t a ) , “ blue fla g ” ( I r i s v e r s i c
o l o r ) , “ wild indigo” or “ indigo silvestris” ( B a p t i s i a t i n c t o r i a ) , “ Solomon’s s e a l” ( P o l y g o n a t u m
p u b e s c e n s ) , “ C r a g o r la blood” ( S a n g u i n a r i a C a n a d e n s i s ) , “ a m ( A o h i l l e a m i l l e f o l h im ) , “ w\\&
lilies of different kinds” ( L . s z tp e r b u m , L . C a n a d e n s e , and L . P h i l a d e l p h i c u m ) , “ agrimony” ( A g r i m
o n i a e u p a t o r i a ) , “ white mullein” ( V e r b a s c u n i t h a p s u s introduced), “ garden orach” ( A t r i p l e x h o r t
e n s i s introd,), “ plantain” ( P l a n t a g o m a j o r introd.), “ shepherd’s purse” ( T h l a s p i b u r s a - p a s t o r i s
introd.), “ mallows ” ( M a l v a r o t u t i d i f o l i a introd.), “ marsh-mallows” ( A l t h æ a o f f i c m a l i s introd.),
“ wild marjoram ” ( O r i g a n u m v u l g a r e introd.), “ comfrey ” ( S y m p h y t u m o f f i c in a l e introd.), “ blessed
thistle ” ( C a r d u u s m a r i a n u s introd.), and “ tarragon ” ( A r t e m i s i a d r a c u n c u l u s cult.).
“ 1650, Oct. 3 d ” (Chaim., and Holmes), Charles II. although excluded from England, exercising
jurisdiction in Virginia and several West India islands, an ordinance by parliament ; Prohibiting trade
with Barbadoes, Virginia, Bermuda, and Antego. — A similar legislative act was passed in the following
year in Massachusetts, until their “ compliance with the Commonwealth of England,” or further
order (Hazard coll. i. 553).
“ In this v e a r ” (Spreng.), William How publishing his Phytolog. britann., an alphabetical Catalogue
of all the plants growing in England, “ twelve hundred and twenty” in number: — he died “ in
1656.” A second edition was published by Christopher Merrett “ in 1667” under the title of Pinax
britann., professedly increasing the number of plants to “ fourteen hundred,” but these were reduced
by Ray to “ ten hundred and fifty.”
‘‘ Nov. 26th” (Martini, and Pauth. 421 to 431), surrender of Canton, leaving the Mantchous
undisputed masters of all China. P. Gabriel de Magalhan at this time in China, and from official
documents consulted by him, the population under the first Mantchou emperors found to include
*■ 1 1,502,872 families and 59,788,364 males ; ” there being also “ 272 libraries and 3,636 distinguished
men.”
In o r about 1650 (=: 1680 — “ 30 years,” art de verif.), lemitz succeeded by Jetznako, now
emperor of Japan ; — and who reigned “ thirty ” years.
“ 1651 A. D.” (Pauth. 432), in China, death of the regent A-ma-van, and the cares of government
assumed by Chim-tchi. A Jesuit missionary P. Adam Schaal, was placed by Chun-tchi at the
head of the tribunal of mathematics, To reform the Chinese astronomy upon the European methods.
“ In this year,” John Endicott chosen governor, and Tho. Dudley deputy governor “ of the English
inhabiting the colony of the Mattachusets.” The latest date in the “ Wonder-working Providence,”
attributed to Edward Johnson of Woburn, — and published in London in 1654.
“ The same y e a r ” (Robertson ix. i n , and Holmes), by the parliament of England, a noted
Navigation a ct: Prohibiting imports from Asia, Africa, or America, “ in any but English built ships,
and belonging either to English or English plantation subjects, navigated also by an Englisli commander,
and three fourths of the sailors to be Englishmen ; excepting” imports “ from the original
place of their growth or manufacture in Europe solely.”
“ 1652, March 12th” (Hazard coll. i. 560, and Holmes), by an English squadron, Virginia “ the
last of all the king’s dominions ” reduced to obedience. The government of Maryland was also taken
from Lord Baltimore, for disloyalty to the “ Commonwealth.”
“ Nov. 22d” (Hazard coll. i. 575, and Holmes), the inhabitants of Maine at their own request
taken under the protection of Massachusetts : sending from this time deputies to tlie legislature.
Also “ upon occasion of much counterfeit brought in the country” (Hull diar.. Hutch., archæol. Amer.
iii. p. 145), w/o«^ first coined in New England. Jdhn Hull was appointed mint-master;— and on
all the successive issues for “ thirty years,” the date “ 1652” was continued (Plolmes).
“ The same y e a r ” (relat. Jes. præf.), in ascending the Saguenay, lake St. John called by the
natives Pacouagami, discovered by the jesuit Jean Dequen.
“ Tlie same y e a r ” (Spreng.), the Academia Curiosorum of Germany founded by Io. Laur.
Bausch.
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 959
“ 1653, Dec. i6 th ” (Nicol. p. 341), in England, the supreme authority seized by Oliver Cromwell
: now entitled “ Protector of the Commonwealth.”
“ The same year,” Navarrete at Manila.
“ 1654 A. D. ( = 2314th of Synmu,” art de verif.), Gotto-mio succeeded by his ‘ third brother
Sinin, now dairo of Japan.
“ The same y e a r ” (Chaim., and Holmes), by an English fleet, reduction of “ the country from
Penobscot to Port Royal ; ” including the French forts about the river St. Johns. — The territory in
question was confirmed in the following year to England.
“ The same y e a r ’- (Spreng. rei herb.), o x y g e n gas discovered by Rad. Bathurst and Nathan
Henshaw.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), Johann Loesel publishing his Plant. Boruss. sponte nasc.,
enumerating * jV/irra///«« B o r e a l i s l i i . n. 26, C a r e x c a n a s c e n s or c u r t a 117. n. 33, H y p n u m c r i s t a -
c a s t r e n s i s i 6 j . a . 4 2 , I I . r e c o g n i t u m 167. n. 43, F o n t i n a l i s a n t i p y r e t i c a 173. n. 53, J u n g e r m a m i i a
a s p l e n i o i d e s 167. n. 45, C y a t h t i s s t r i a t u s 98. n. 16, C . o l l a 98, n. 16, and C l a v a r i a a l v e a r i s 99. n. 17.
— He died “ in 1656,” and an improved edition under the name of Fior. Pruss. was published bv
Gottsched “ in 1703.”
K o e l e r i a c r i s t a t a of Northern climates. A grass described by Loesel no. n. 22 — (Spreng.) ;
termed “ gramen spica cristata hirsuta” by Tournefort inst.tyip, “ aira cristata” by Linnæus sp.
plant. 94, and known to grow from Sweden, Russia, and Ireland to the Mediterranean (Engl. bot.
pl. 648, and Wats ) : received by Richard from Switzerland (Pers.) ; observed by Sibthorp in the
Peloponnesus, by Chaubard, covering the stony summits of mount Diaforti ; known to grow also on
Caucasus and in Siberia (Kunth). la r th e r East, was received by Pursh from the Columbia river;
was observed by Nuttall from the Red river to the Arkansas and Missouri ; by E. James, on tlie
Lower Missouri ; and according to A. Gray, grows on dry liills from Illinois as far as Pennsylvania.
“ 1655, March 25th” (Humb. cosm. ii. and iv.), a satellite of Saturn discovered by Huygens, by
means of an object-glass polished by himself: tlie sixth in the order of distance — as afterwards
appeared.
“ May 2 d ” (Blair, and Holmes), by an English fleet under Penn, landing of a force on Jamaica:
and possession soon obtained of the whole island.
“ Sept. i6th ” (Smith, and Holmes), Fort Casimir on the Delaware, captured from the Swedes
by the Dutch under governor Stuyvesant. — The site is at the present day called “ Newcastle ”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), after the first issue of “ 1653,” Brunyer publishing a second edition of
his Plort. Blesensis.
“ 1656, Ju ly ” (Chalmers i. 190, Hazard i. 630 to 638, and Plolmes), Quakers make their first
appearance in New England, coming from Barbadoes: being regarded as liostile to civil order and
Christian truth, they were banished from Massachusetts to the number of “ twelve” by the legislature.
ProiMsal of Cromwell for the removal of colonists to Jamaica, declined by the same legislature.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), publication of the Museum Tradescantianum, in which are enumerated
J a s m i n u m o d o r a t i s s i n i ,n n .
‘ ‘ The same y e a r ” (Ait.), John Tradescant the younger in Virginia, meeting with H e n c h e r a
A m e r i c a n a (Spreng.). — He died “ in 1662” (biogr. univ.).
L o n i c e r a s e m p e r v i r e n s of the Marginal alliroial of Northeast America. The c o r a l or t r i u n p e t
h o n e y s u c k l e observed by Tradescant in Virginia — (Spreng.) ; transported to Europe is described by
Hermann lugd. pl. 483, and Miller; continues to be cultivated for ornament, as far even as Bombay,
where it was found by Graham “ in gardens pretty common.” Westward, according to A. Gray,
grows wild as far as 40° 40', “ copses. New York, near the c i t y ; ” was observed bv myself at 40°
in the New Jersey forest, and frequent throughout the forest at 32° beyond Charleston ;' by Schweinitz,
at 36° near Salem in Upper Carolina ; by Croom, wild near Newbern and as far as 30'’ 30' in Florida ;
by N. A. Ware, also in Florida.
* P o t e n t i l l a N o r w e g i c a of North America. Termed “ quinquefolium hirsutum iuteum paucioribus
laciniis” by Loesel pruss. pl. 70, — “ trifolium norwegicura majus serratum foliis crenatis fiore luteo”
by Kyllingiiis (in Act. Hafn. for 1673 pl. 346), and known to occur in waste and fallow ground in
Northern Europe and Siberia (Moris, ii. 2. pl. 20, fi. Dan. pl. 171, Pers,, and D e c .): observed by
Linnæus abounding on the Dalekarlian mountaips, but in cultivated ground in other parts of Sweden,
having migrated from Norway. Westward, according to Hooker, grows from Labrador and 65° at
B^ear Lake to the mouth of the Columbia and throughout Canada; was observed by myself, from 45’’
t5 38° along the Atlantic, often in marshes ancl wild situations, but multiplying in clearings and
becoming a weed in cultivated ground ; by Pursh, from Canada to New York ; by Short, in Kentucky
; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas; by Beck, on the Mississippi near St. Louis; by Long’s Expedition
ii., as far up as the St. Peter’s (Schw.) : but probably an introduced weed on“ Charleston neck ”
(Ell.), and in other “ waste places ” in our Southern States (Chapm.).
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