542 CH RO NOLOGICAL A R R A N G EM E N T
fifth Roman emperor. The name of Aurelianus occurs on coins issued in Egypt, as also the name
of an unsuccessful aspirant Domitianus. — From this time (Zoega, Tochon, and Sharpe), the precious
metals disappear from the Egyptian coinage: except that in one or more instances, the Roman
Legion in Egypt coined silver into money for their own pay.
“ The same year ” (Euseb., and Clint., see also Nicolas), Paulus of Samosata deposed by a
synod, for denying the divinity of C hrist; and after an order for his removal procured from Aurelianus,
the ordination of Domnus as “ sixteenth ” bishop of Antioch.
“ The same year” (A lst.), compilation of the “ Codex Gregorianus.” Containing laws enacted
from “ 117 to 261,” under the reign of Hadrian to that of Gallienus.
“ 271, January ” (Vopisc., and Clint.), the Marcomanni entering Italy and laying waste the country
around Mediolanum (Milan), letter from Aurelianus directing the consultation of the Sibylline
books. Soon afterwards, the Marcomanni defeated in three battles, and expelled by Aurelianus.
Peace was also granted by him to the Vandals (Dexipp. p. 17) ; and returning to Rome, he com-
menced rebuilding- the city wall.
272 A. D .” (Japanese chron. transl. Nicholai, and Bickmore), A e Ainos bringing presents for
the first time acknowledge the Japanese authorities as their rulers.
“ The same year” (Vopisc., and C lint), Aurelianus leading an army, by the way of the Danube
and Byzantium, against Palmyra and queen Zenobia. A letter from Zenobia “ in the St-rian language,
translated into G reek” by the historian Nicomachus (Vopisc., and C lint).
“ The same year ” (Agath., and Clint.), Sapor succeeded by Hormisdas (Floormuz), third Sasanid king of Persia,
“ In th e reign of Aurelianus” (Sharpe), the church of St. Mary built at Alexandria; and the
hast public service o f Christianity in Egypt probably held within its walls.
“ 273 A .D .” (Agath., and Clint.), Hormisdas succeeded by Vararam, Persia. fourth Sasanid king- of
“ The same year” (Hieronym., and Clint.), Domnus succeeded by Timaeus, “ seventeenth” bishop of Antioch.
“ The same year” (Vopisc., and C lint), Zenobia defeated, and while fleeing from Palmyra on
“ dromadas” {camels) taken prisoner by Aurelianus.
“ In or about this year” (Percev. i. 107), Abdhaa succeeded by Abd-Kelal, now tobba of Yemen.
He was converted to Christianity by a Syrian stranger, but kept his change of religion secret;
until at length his subjects discovering the fact put both him and the Syrian to death “ about 297.”
He was the first Christian convert known in Yemen, according to the concurrent testimony of Oriental
writers.
“ In this year” (A byss, chron., and C. Mull, geogr. min, p. xcvii), El-Herka succeeded by Za-
Baesi Tsawesa, now king of Abyssinia. — He reigned “ one ” year,
“ 274 A. D .” (Vopisc., and C lint), Tetricus of Gaul vanquished by Aurelianus ; and afterwards
led at Rome in a trium phal procession in company with Zenobia and “ Axomitae ” (Sm. geogr. d iet),
captive “ Gotthi, Alani, Roxolani, Sarmati, Franci, Suevi, Vandal!,” and “ Germani.” Dacia however
was abandoned as part of the Roman Empire by Aurelianus : who next commenced a temple to the sun.
About this time, “ 273 to 275 A. D .” (Sharistan, and Clint iv. p. 307), Manes, a Persian teacher
of religious dogmas and the founder of the Manichaean sect, put to death by king Vararam. Manes
denied the death on the cross: — an opinion afterwards adopted by Mohammed, and maintained by
his followers to the present day.
“ 275, Jan. 5th ” (Pont., and Clint.), next after Felix, Eutychianus ordained twenty-fifth bishop of Rome.
“ Before March 25th” (Clint), Aurelianus succeeded by Tacitus, thirty-sixth Roman emperor.
The name of Tacitus occurs on coins issued in E gypt
“ 276, April n t h ” (Clint.), Tacitus succeeded by Florianus, thirty-seventh Roman emperor.
In the East, Florianus was not acknowledged ; and his name has not been found in E gypt
“ Beginning of July” (Euseb., Zosim., and Clint.), Florianus succeeded by Probus, thirty-eighth
Roman emperor. The name of Probus occurs on coins issued in Egypt.
“ The same year” (Agath., and Clint), Vararam succeeded by Vararam IL, fifth Sasanid king
of Persia.
In this year (= 5 4 3 B. C. — “ 818 y. 9 m, 20 d ays” in the Mahavamsa xxxvii.), Dette-tissa
succeeded by Mahasana, now king of Ceylon.
“ 277 A. D .” (Vopisc., Zosim., and Clint.), in Gaul, campaign of Probus against the “ Logiones,
Franci, Burgundi, Vandili,” and other tribes to the number of “ nine : ” as many vanquished kings
being enumerated by Probus in his letter to the Senate.
Campanula hybrida of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain Venus'
OF A C COM PA N Y ING Al;iIMALS A N D PL A N T S. 5 4 3
looking-g’ass (Prior) ; and the “ specularis” cooked and finely powdered in the “ emplastri ” attributed
to king Ptolemy — by Marcellus of Bordeaux 36, m aybe compared: C. hybrida is described
by Morison v. pl. 2; is termed “ c. arvensis minor siliqua ampliori ” by Tournefort inst. 112 ; and
is known to occur in fallow ground in limestone districts in France and Britain (Pers., and Engl,
bot. pl. 375). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in cultivated ground in the Peloponnesus.
“ 278 A. D .” (Hieronym., and C lint, see also Nicolas), in Mesopotamia, Archelaus bishop of
“ Caschar ” writing in Syriac against the Manichaeans. A translation in Greek, is mentioned by Hieronymus.
this l“i m27e9 w Ar.i tiDng.”. (Hieronym., and Clint ), Anatolius, successor to Eusebius bishop of Laodicea, at
“ The same year” (Vopisc., and Clint.), campaign of Probus in the East, and against the
“ Blemyas ” in Upper E gypt: where he added the cities of Ptolemais and Coptos to the Roman dominions.
Antio“c2h8.0 A. D .” (Hieronym., and Clint.), Timaeus succeeded by Cyrillus, “ eighteenth” bishop of
Hardly later than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentl.), Devasreshtha rei»n-- ing in Hindustan. “
“ 281 A. D. About this time ” (Eutrop., and Clint.), by Probus, permission granted to the Gauls
and Pannonians to plant vineyards.
“ 282, O ctober” (coins, Euseb., and C lint), Probus succeeded by Caras, thirty-ninth Roman
emperor. The name of Caras occurs on coins issued in Egypt.
andri“a2. 83 A. D .” (Euseb., and Clint.), Maximus succeeded by Theonas, “ fifteenth” bishop of Alex“
End of N ovem ber” (Cod. Justin., Vopisc., and Clint.), death of Carus near Ctesiphon, warring
against the Persians. He was succeeded by Carinus, fortieth Roman emperor. The name of
Carinus occurs on coins issued in Egypt; as also the name of his brother and colleague, the poet
Nuinerianus.
“ Dec. 7th ” (Clint.), death of Eutychianus ; and “ before the close of the year,” Caius ordained
twenty-sixth bishoja of Rome.
“ 284, Sept. 17th” (Clint.), notwithstanding that Carinus outlived his brother, the accession of
Diocletian always computed from tliis date (see p. xvi).
6th day of eighth lunat.” (ann. Jap., and Klaproth), by 0 -zin, an embassy sent to Corea to procure
men cap.ible of teaching Chinese literature and civilization.
“ 285 A. D .” (ann. Jap, and Klapr.), returning from Corea, Wo-nin (Wang-jin) brouglit the Lun
yu of Confucius and other books, and introduced the art of reading and w ritin gm to Japan.
The art of spinning and weaving was at the same time introduced (ann. Jap., and Klapr.) : or
(according to the Nihon-gi, the most ancient book on Japanese history, centen. comm. 77), four girls
were brought back to teach the art of weaving plain and figured silk-goods. In other w ord s/h e Silk 7nanufaciu7'e.
In this year” (Idat., and Clint.), Carinus defeated and slain, and his name erased from the
Fasti by Diocletian ; who substituted his own.
The great syenite column so c.oiispicuous at Alexandria, erected (according to a Greek inscription
on its base) in the reign of Diocletian.
“ 2S6 A. D .” (V ict, and Clint.), campaign of Maxiinian colleague of Diocletian, against the
Bagaudic faction in Gaul. In successive skirmishes, the insurgents were subdued and quieted.
Hardly earlier than this date, a colony from Kling (Southeastern Hindustan) led by Tritresta or
Aji Saka to Java; where he found the inhabitants rude and subsisting principally on “ tlie grain called
jjaw a-w ut” {Setaria Italica). After several combats, he formed a settlement at G iliiil Wesi and
introduced the religion and arts of Hinclustan. — On his return to Guj'rat. he delivered to his sovereign
Prabii Jaya Baya “ a written account of all he had seen and d on e” (Nata Kasuma, Adi Man»’- gala, ancl Raffles x .). tt»
The Javan alphabet formed perhaps shortly after the arrival of Aj! Saka, — to whom it is attributed.*
2S7 A. D. (Vict., Eutrop., and Clint.), death-sentence against Caraiisius, a Menapian from
Ihe mouths of the Rhine employed by the Romans to keep order on the sea, infested at the time by
■ranc, and Saxones. Hearing of the sentence, Carausius escaped with the fleet to Britain, and
established himself there as king.
n ! sp. of Burmah and the neighbouring countries. An upland screw-pine; and the
‘goclong’i panclan” Pandanus leaf or mystical meaning of the letter “ rang kang,” — may be compared:
observed by Mason v. 521 in Burmah, growing “ above tide-waters,” the leaves furnishing the
smaller ancl finer mats in common use.” Farther East, the Pandanus found by Loureiro ii. p" 603
employed in Anam for hedgqs and for feeding tame elephants, may also be compared.
il ii