I (■ r ‘ " Jl
■’ ' á
4 >w
'q . ' ' ’iS ii-'^
J ^
V ^
1 f
I ” M\
N 4
I
^ ' > i ’
S ] ; X T • :iTÍi
i
Ì *
t
^ \kv
S s
♦r4
u
'
T M ' V
590 CH R O N O L O G IC A L A R R A N G E M E N T
S86 A. D . ” (ann. Jap., transL Tits.), Bin-daLs succeeded by his brother You-mei, now thirty-
second dairo of Japan.
“ In this y e a r ” (Isidor., and Clint, iv. p. 824), at Narbo, Leuvigild Gothic king of Spain succeeded
by Recared.
“ 587 A. D.” (Cockayne iii. 447), ZEscwine succeeded by his son Sledda; one of the two beintr
the first king of Essex or of the East Saxons. ^
588 A. D. (ann. Jap., transl. Tits.), You-mei succeeded by his brother Siou-zioun, now thirty-
third dairo of Japan.
“ The same year ( = 1 5 yrs. after Pegu,” Mason 21), in Burmah, the city of Sitang founded.*
^ M u r r a y a . . . . o f Burmah. The fragrant bark from early times used generally for a cosmetic
by the Burmese, — is attributed according to Mason v. 500 to an “ indigenous” species (see
M. exotica). v
X a u i k o x y lu m b u d r z in g a of Assam and Burmah. A woody creeper called in Burmah “ ka-theet-
hsoo ” (Mason), and known from early times : — observed in Burmah by McClelland ; and suspected by
Mason V . 500 to furnish the woody tubercles sold in market as “ an inferior cosmetic.” Farther
North, growing in Assam, its warm spicy seeds having the fragrance of lemon-peel and used medicinally
by the natives (Drur.). From transported specimens, d^escribed by Decandolle.
E la z o d e n d r o n O r ie n la le of Burmah. A Celastroid tree called “ let-pet-ben,” its leaves from early
times used by the natives lor te a ,—-was observed by McClelland indigenous, and is referred by him
to this species (Mason v. 505). E. Orientale from transported specimens is described by Jacq. rar.
i. pl. 32, and Jussieu gen. (Pers., and Steud.).
P o n g a m ia t e t r a p e ta la of Pegu. A Leguminous tree, known from early times observed in
Pegu by McClelland, its seeds yielding k a r t in j oil, like those of P. glabra (Mason v. 504).
A m h e z 's t ia n o b ih s of Siam or Tropical China. Leguminous and the most ornamental flowenno-
tree known, called in Burmah “ a-thau-ka,” and probably by some Budhist pilgrim — introduced from
the Shan States or China (Berdmore) : discovered by Wallich on the Salwen and first made known
to Europeans, but observed by iMorton seemingly wild “ in the neighbourhood of Belin ” (Mason v. 400
to 770). _
I n d ig o f e r a sp . of Burmah. An in d ig o shrub, from early times occasionally used in forming a b lu e
d y e : — observed by Mason v. 511 indigenous in Burmah.
D e sm o d iu m t r iq u e t r u m of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. Branching and shrubby, called in
Burmah “ moke-hso-hlan-ma ” (Mason) ; and from early times, the root valued for its medicinal properties
: — observed by Mason v. 503 indigenous in Burmah.' Westward, by N. L. Burmann pl. 52,
Roxburgh, and Wight, in Hindustan ; by Burmann pl. 8i, on Ceylon ; by Graham, “ common” around
Bombay.
C e r b e ra m a n g h a s of Tropical shores from Ceylon throughout the Malayan archipelago. An ornamental
Apocynous tree called in Tagalo “ toctoc c a lo ” (Blanco), in Burmah “ ka-lwa ” (Mason) ; and
from early times, oil obtained from the fruit by the Burmese for burning and to anoint their heads :_
observed by Burmann pl. 70 on Ceylon; by Mason v. 515, abounding in Tenasserim as far as tidewater
extends; by Waiz on Java, its leaves and bark similar in action and substituted for senna
(Lindl.) : by Blanco on the Philippines, not common and hardly known to the natives ; and is described
by Rumphius ii. pl. 81. A Cerbera with white bracts or floral leaves, a medium-sized tree,
was observed by myseif to all appearance indigenous on the Feejeean Islands, but on the Samoan
perhaps introduced, and under cultivation on Taheiti. (See C. tanghin).
I V r ig k t ia c o c c h iea of Tropical Eastern Asia. An Apocynous timber tree (Roxb.), the most
beautiful of its tribe, and its light fine Avood known perhaps from early times ; — observed by Mason
V . 417 to 525 “ exotic ” in Burmah, planted especially by Europeans, its orange-red flowers exhaliim the
grateful fragrance of the pine-apple. Westward, by Roxburgh in Hindustan ; and from Benga/was
introduced by Nimmo into the environs of Bombay (Graham).
C o n v o lv u lu s ( L e i t s o m ia ) s e to s u s of Burmah. A large red-flowered twiner, knovvn from early
limes: — described by Roxburgh; observed in Burmah by Mason v. 438 to 784, indicrenous, and
“ during the rainy season on almost every hedge.” ^
C le r o d e n d r um f r a g r a n s of Tropical Eastern Asia. A Verbenaceous plant, indigenous in the
most arid parts of the forests of Burmah (Mason); and the “ hnen-eik,” apparently only a fragrant
double variety, cultivated from early times : — observed by Mason v. 413 to 792. Westward, the
“ double variety ” is enumerated by Graham as “ now pretty common in Bombay gardens.” Tmns-
ported to Europe, is described by Ventenat malm. pl. 70, and Jacquin schoenbr. pl. 338 (Pers., and
Steud.) ; and from Europe has been carried to Northeast America, where it continues in oreen-
houses. ^
C u r c um a e la ta of Burmah. Playing a coma of a deep rosy or crimson colour, and known from
S a n ! a lu m k a - r a -m a i of the Siamese countries. An inferior kind of s a n d a l w o o d known in com-
raerce as early perhaps as this date ; — produced according to Mason v. 500 “ by a tree in the southern
part of Mergui.”
“ 5S9 iV D . ” (Nicoh), a synod at Alexandria. On a dispute between the Jews and Samaritans
respecting Deut. xviii. 15.
,1 y e a r ” (Steinschneid. i. 4), Chanan, head of a leading Jewish school in Babylonia and
the first to bear the title of Gaon ” (meaning excellence).
“ 590, Sept. 3 d ” (Clint, iv. p. 841), Pelagius the younger succeeded by Gregorius Magnus, sixty-
second bishop of Rome. Who disputed precedence with the bishop of Constantinople
“ Also in September” (Eutych., and Chnt. iv. p. 842), death of Hormisdas III., mneteenth
Sasanid king of Persia.
“ The same y e a r ” (art de verif.), Japan divided into seven districts
“ The same y ea r ( = 4th year of Recared,” Clint.), end of the chronicle of Joannes Biclariensis.
591, (c'toon- Pasch., Theophylact., and Clint, iv. p. 830), Bahram or Vararam defeated
by the forces of ^Mauricius, and Chosroes II. restored as Sasanid king of Per.sia.
“ 592 A. D.” (Mason n . 2i), in Burmah, Wemala succeeded by his son Katha as king of Peo-u.
Katha was devoted to Budhism;— built monasteries and zayats, excavated tanks, made offerings^to
the priests, and reigned “ se v en” years.
D io s p y r o s t a u d o k e and D . p e n - la y -b o k e , “ two species of eb ony in Tavoy,” - the one growing near
the sea and called sea-“ boke,” the other in the Interior and called jungle-“ boke ” (Ma son v C4-^)
In seeming connexion with “ Bookin,” the name o f Madagascar among the Soahili of Zanzibar (see
D. reticulata). ^
“ March 19th” (Theophylact, Zonar., Theophan., and Clint.), Mauricius on his way to Thrace
and a great e c lip s e of the sun. ^ ’
“ The same y e a r ” (M. Russell p. i i i ) , possession of the Arabian and Abyssinian ports acquired
by a Persian armament. ^
P c zm i s e tum d ic h o tom um of the Egyptian and Arabian Desert. A grass called there “ tummam ”
or thummam (Forsk ), m which we recognize the “ thumam ” identified with the “ djelit ” of Nabe^ra
Dhobyani,-— alluded to by Lobid as marking an abandoned encampment, mentioned also by Djewhari
and A. A Elhafits, and by Ebn Baitar as growing in Egypt and the Hedjaz : P. dichotomum was
obseived by Forskal p. 20 frequent in the Arabian Desert, eaten by camels and donkeys, and employed
besides for filling in and thatching the walls and roof of dwellings ; was observed by Dehle in
Desert-ravines near Suez ; and farther West, the “ Cenchrus rufescens” of Barbary is reoarded bv
him as perhaps identical. / & 7
“ 593 A. D . ” (ann. Jap., transl. Tits.), Siou-zioun succeeded by his sister Soui-ko, widow of his
brother Bin-dats and now thirty-iourth dairo of Japan ; tiie first woman who attained that position
In the reign of Suiko ” (Jap. centen. co:nm. 60), “ the pagoda of the temple of Koriuji, province
Oi Yamato, was built of b r i c k s !
, Su ik o ” (Jap. centen. comm. 83), “ the manufacture of p a p e r , together with the
tree yielding the best raw material,” introduced by the Corean priest Donchio into Japan.
early t im e s : - r e c e i v e d from Burmah by Roxburghii. 25; and enumerated by Mason as indigenous
there. From Bengal” was introduced by Nimmo into the environs of Bombay (Graham)
C u i 'c um a p e t io la ta of Burmah. Having small yellow flowers, and known from eariy times • —
received by Roxburgh fl i. 37 from Pegu ; and enumerated by Mason as indigenous. “ From Beimal”
was mtroduced by Nimmo mto the environs of Bombay (Graham).
* y o u s s o H c y a y y y c r a of Tropical Eastern Asia. T h o p a p e r m u lb e r r y is called on Celebes
kaih (Royle fibr.), in Japan “ kodzu,” is cultivated as far as central Nippon, and'furnishes material
so tough that It is sometimes cut into strips and woven like doth — (Jap. c. c 77 to 8a) • B Daovrifera
was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, frequent in Southern Japan. Farther East by myself
under cu tivat.on by the natives of the Feejeean, Tongan, Samoan, Taheitian, and Hawaiian Groups,
though foe bark of other woody Urticacem was sometimes substituted for beating “ tapa” or P a l e l
■tf t e ' " ’’®'’ * '0 ^ “ ®‘ cloth made “ from bark beaten
w th a stone Westward from Japan, paper is said to be sometimes made from the bark by the
Chinese; and the “ coarse paper ” of the peculiarly-folded Burmese books is often furnished by this
tiee, which IS at hand indigenous “ in the forest (M’ason v. 522; see Morus Indica).
H ib i s c u s (A b e lm o s c h u s ) m a n ih o t of Subtropical Eastern Asia. Herbaceous, called in Japan
tororo, and “ the gummy infusion o f ” its root used in making paper— (Jap. c. c 8 0 Eastward
was earned to Feejeean Islands, and clearly by Polynesian colonists to the Tongan, Samoan, and
aheitian Islands, as verified by myself; was received by Cavanilles iii. pl. 63 from the “ Indiis ”
•‘•'I (.
M U T
T l
M i
M l: