/ a
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the above-mentioned papyrus, the revolted Tafnekht was subdued by Pankhi, king of Ethiopia, residing
at Noph or Napata (see Birch).
“ 680 B. C .” ( = 667 + “ 13 years ” of the Astronom. can., and Clint.), accession of Asaridinus,
or Esarhaddon retaining for himself the city of Babylon.
“ 678 B. C .” ( = 716 — “ 38 years ” of Herodot , Clint), Gyges succeeded by Ardys as king of
Lydia.
“ 676 B. C. = 1st year of Hoei-wang, of the T ch eo u ” or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table).
“ The same y e a r ” (Sosib., Athen. xiv. p. 635, Jul. Afr., and Clint.), “ Carnea” or contests with
the harp, instituted in Laconia.
“ 675, O c t loth,” on the first day of the Tenth month in the “ 2d year of Tchoun-wang ” (Khoung-
tseu, the Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth. 107), eclipse o f the sun.
In this year ( = 313 + “ 362 y r s ” of the Vishnu-Purana, H. H. Wils. ind. dram. ii. 137), in
Hindustan, accession of the first “ of the ten Saisunaga princes.”
The same year ( = 6Si — “ 6 y r s ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table). Néhaó is placed here in the
Afr.-Maneth table, — but in the Euseb.-Maneth. table (688 — “ 12 — 7 — 6 y r s ” = 6 6 3 ) under
Psammetichus.
“ 674 B. C .” (Hieronym. and Clint., see also Thucyd. iv. 25 and Mela i. 19. 33), on the Asiatic
shore of the Bosphorus, Chalcedon founded by Greek colonists from Megara under A rchia s.—
“ Seventeen” year.s later (Herodot. iv. 144), Byzantium directly opposite founded also by Megaran
Greeks ; the city continues flourishing to the present day under the name of Constantinople.
“ 671 B. C .” (Euseb., and Clint.), “ eleventh” change in naval dominion. Leaving the Carians,
the “ Empire of the s e a ” acquired by the Lesbian Greeks. — Held by them “ sixty-nine ” years.
“ 669, May 27th ” = “ first day o f the Sixth month in the 8th year of Hou-wang” (Khoung-tseu,
the Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth. 107), eclipse o f the sun.
Zizyphus jujuba of Hindustan. The jujube tree or wild bhere is called in Hindustanee “ bier,”
in Bengalee “ kool,” in Telinga “ rengha ” (Lindl.) or “ reygoo,” in Tamil “ elendie ” (Drur.), in
Burmah “ .hzee” (Mason); and “ more than twelve hundred y e a r s ” ago was introduced by the way
of “ Persia ” into China— (Li-chi-tchin, and others) : the “ jujube ” is mentioned in an ode attributed
to Tcheou-kong, and in one written about B. C. 661 (Chi-King i. 9. 3 and i. 15. i, and Lacharme) ;
the “ e u l” or “ tsao ” cultivated and its fruit eaten, by Thseng-tsi, Thseng-tseu, Koung-sun-tcheou,
and Meng-tseu ii. 5. 14 to 8. 36; Z. jujuba was observed by Cibot mem. chin. iii. p. under frequent
cultivation in C hina; by Blanco, cultivated and seemingly wild on the Philippines, and its fruit called
“ manzanitas ; ” is termed “ mansana arbórea” by Sonnerat pl. 94; was observed by Rumphius ii.
pl. 36 on the Moluccas, its bark employed as a remedy for diarrhoea (Lindl.) ; by Mason v. 458,
“ e xo tic ” in Burmah but “ often found apparently growing wild,” its “ small sour berry a great
favourite with the Burmese and Karens.” Westward, the “ k o li” tree is mentioned by Budhaghosha
parab. x.xvi ; Z. jujuba according to Royle is the most common species in Northern Hindustan; was
observed by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, from Bengal throughout the peninsula; by Rheede iv.
pl. 41, in Malabar; by Gibson, and Graham, in the environs of Bombay “ common almost everywhere,”
and “ very abundant in the Kandesh jungles, particularly towards the T ap te e ;” its fruit
according to Drury “ is eatable.” and leaves on their “ under side as well as young branches and
petioles covered with dense tawny tomentum.” (See Z. melanogona).
“ 668 B. C.” {=. “ first year of the 28th Olymp.” of Pausan. iv. 23. 2), after eleven years siege,
the city of Ira captured by the Spartans ; terminating the Second Messenian war. (Pausanias’ date
is however regarded by Clinton i. p. 190 and 253, as probably “ s ix ” years too early).
“ Nov. loth ” = “ first day of the Twelfth month” (Khoung-tseu, the Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth.
p. 107), eclipse o f ihe sun.
One hundred and ninth generation. May ist, 667, mostly beyond youth : the prophet Nahum:
among the Greeks, Polymnastus of Colophon, who improved the Spartan music.
“ The same y e a r ” ( = 647 + “ 20 y e a r s ” of the Astronom. can., and Clint.), Asaridinus or
Esarhaddon succeeded by Saosduchinus, now king of Babylon. (The accession of the Assyrian
king Sammughes is placed by Alex. Polyhistor a year later, = 604 -f- “ 20 + 21 -|- 21,” with an
additional year assigned to his reign : as though the two names belonged to the same king).
Manasseh king at Jerusalem bound with fetters by “ the captains of the host of the king of
Assyria,” and carried (not to Nineveh) “ to Babylon” (2 Chron. xxxiii. 11).
“ 665 B. C.” (Euseb., Ael. xii. 50, ancl Clint.), at Sparta, first performance of the gymnopaedia,
the songs on the occasion including sortie by Aleman.
Lactuca scariola of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain lettuce, in
Scotland “ lattouce” (Prior), in France “ la itue ” (Nugent), in Germany “ salat ” (Grieb), in Italy
“ la ttu ga ” or “ lattuca ” (Lenz), in Greece “ maroulion or “ marSuIi” (Fraas) or “ thrithax ” (Zalikogl.),
in Egypt “ k h a s s ” (Del.) or as heard by myself “ khuss,” in Egyptian “ i6v nsótshé ” (Ming.) or
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