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4 1 2 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
Acacia catechit of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A thorny tree, thirty to forty feet high, called
in Sanscrit “ khadira,” in Bengalee “ khira ” (Lindi.), in Telinga “ khadirama ” or “ podali-manu, in
Tamil “ vodalai ” or “ vodalam” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ khadera ” or “ k a ir ” (Graham),
Leeii iiiria of Eastern Hindustan. Called in Sanscrit “ paravatu-puclee ” (Roxb.) ; in which we
recognize the “ paravatapadi ” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. v. 3): L. hirta is described
by Hornemann (Steud.); was observed by Roxburgh ii. 469 in Eastern Hindustan (J. F. -Wats.).
Rhynchosia i-nfescens of Southern Hindustan. Called in Telinga “ chiri-ulava ” (W. E ll.) ;
and the “ chiravilva” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. iv. 5), may be compared: R.
rufescens was observed by N . Elliot 43 in the Telugu districts of the Northern Circars (J. F. Wats.).
Acacia ferruginea of Southern Hindustan. A small tree called in Sanscrit “ kadeera ” (Ainsl.),
in Tamil “ shimai-veivel,” in Telinga “ anasandra ” or “ vuni” (Drur.) or “ woanee” (Lindl.); and
the “ k'hadira” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. sar. 2 to chik. 6), is referred here by
Hessler: A. ferruginea was observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, from Courtallum and the Circars
to Coromandel, its very astringent bark steeped in jaggery water is distilled as an intoxicating liquor,
its wood very hard and useful (Drur.).
Poligamia glabra of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A large tree called in
Sanscrit “ karanja” or “ naktamala” (Pidd.), in Bengaiee “ kurunja,” in Plindustanee “ kurung,” in
Telinga “ kanoogoo,” in Tamil “ poongu marum” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ karunj ”
(Graham), in Burmah “ tha-wen” (Mason) ; in which we recognize the “ karanja” or “ karanjaka”
of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas, — “ galedupe” of 'Vaimiki ram. iii. 79 (transl. Gorr.), and “ naktamala”
trees of Kalidasa ragh. v. 42, and Susrutas chik. 5 : the “ galedupe” is mentioned by Vaimiki
iii. 79 (transl. Gorr.) ; the “ karanja” or “ karanjaka” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas, “ naktamala”
trees by Kalidasa : P. glabra was observed by Rheede vi. pl. 3 in Malabar; by Gibson, and
Graham, “ very common throughout the Concans, also near rivers in the Deccan ; ” by Buchanan,
flourishing “ equally on the arid hills of the “ Carnatic and the muddy banks of the Ganges ; ” by
Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Travancore and Bengal, the oil from its seeds applied e.xternally by
the natives in eruptive diseases, used also in lamps, its wood light and valuable, and its leaves eaten
by cattle (Voight, and Drur.) : by Mason v. 504 to 523, indigenous in Burmah, abounding “ from Tavoy
to Toungoo ; ” was observed by Loureiro in Anam (Steud.).
Grislea tomentosa oi Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A large shrub called in
Sanscrit “ d’haree ” (Ainsl.), in Bengalee “ dhari,” in Hindustanee “ d’hawe-ke-pol ” (J. F. W a ts )
or “ dhaee-phool” I Drur.) , in the environs of Bombay “ dhauree” or “ dhaitee ” (Graham) ; in which
we recognize the “ cibava” or “ dhataki ” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. sar. 2 to kalp. 3),
and “ dhura” of Vaimiki ram. i. 18 : G. tomentosa was observed by Gibson, and Graham, very common
“ throughout the jungly tracts of the Concan and along the Ghauts,” its flowers “ a consiclerable
article of commerce inland as a dye ; ” by Ro.xburgh, and Wight, as far as Oude and Dheyra Dhoon,
an infusion of the leaves substituted for tea among the hill tribes near Ellichpoor, and its wood used
for ploughs (Drur ) ; by McClelland, “ very common in the Prome d is tr ic t” of Burmah (Mason v.
512) ; and is known to grow as far as China (Pers.).
Peniaptera tomentosa of Tropical Hindustan. A tree called in Sanscrit “ usna ” or “ peeata-
saluka,” in Bengalee “ usan ” or “ peea-sal,” in Telinga “ nella-madoo,” in Flindustanee “ aans ”
(Lindi.), in the environs of Bombay “ ain ” or “ a y e en ” (Graham); in which we recognize the
“ a san a ” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. chik. 27 to kalp. 3), and “ pentaptere” of Vaimiki
ram. iii. 79 (transl. Gorr.) : P. tomentosa was observed by Gibson, and Graham, from “ the
jungly tracts of Guzerat” common “ on the Ghauts and throughout the hilly parts of the Concan,” its
wood much used for “ shafts to gigs,” and for other purposes “ where toughness of fibre is required ; ”
by Roxburgh, Tennent, and Wight, as-far as Ceylon and Oude, its bark astringent, employed medicinally,
and yielding a black dye, the ashes so charged with calcareous matter as to be sometimes substituted
for lime in chewing betel (Drur.).
Pentaptera glabra, by some regarded as distinct, is called in Flindustanee “ iirjoon ” (J. F. Wats.),
in Telinga “ tella madoo ” (Drur.), in Burmah “ touk-kyan ” (Mason) ; and the “ arjuna ” of the
stanzas of the Ayurvedas (Susrut. iii. 2) is referred here by Hessler ; P. glabra was observed by Roxburgh,
and 'VViglit, from the peninsula as far as Silhet and Monghyr, a valuable timber-tree, not
touched by white ants (Drur.) ; by Mason v. 533, indigenous in Burmah, probably the tree affording
according to McClelland “ timber strong as teak,” and that whose bark yields according to Berdmore
a black dye used “ in dyeing fish nets.”
Terminalia citrina of Eastern Hindustan. A tree called in Bengalee'“ hurituki ” (Lindi.) ; and
the “ ab’ha ya ” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. kalp. 3), is referred here by Flessler: the
“ abhea” is identified in the Taleef Shereef with the “ hurr ” (J. F. Wats.), an allied species ; T.
O F A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 4 1 3
in Burmah “ sha ” (Mason) ; in which we recognize the “ k ’hadira ” or “ kantaki ” or “ kapitana or
“ manclana” of D ’hanvantari — (Susrut. v. 3), the “ khadira ” club and staff for warriors in the institutes
of Manu ii. 45 to viii. 313, and the “ khadira” of Vaimiki ram. i. 12: A. catechu was observed
citrina wa.s observed by Roxburgh ii. 435 in the forests of B en g a l; its fruit according to Lindley “ a
common article in the Hindoo materia medica, usually employed as a gentle purgative.”
Trichosanthes cucumerina of Tropical Hindustan.. The bilter gourd is called in Sanscrit
“ patola,” in Telinga “ patolas ” (J. F. Wats.) or “ aduvee-putla ” (Lindl.) or “ chayiid-potla,” in Tamil
“ poodel” or “ pepoodel,” in Bengalee “ bunputol ” (Drur.), in Burmah “ tha-bwot-kha” (Mason);
in which we recognize the “ patoli ” or “ patolika” to be mixed in food according to the stanzas of
tlie Ayurvedas — (Susrut, chik. 5): T. cucumerina was observed by Rheede viii. pl. 15 in Malabar;
the natives only ; by Blume bijdr. 934, as far as the Malayan archipelago.
Trichothanthes dioica of Tropical Hindustan. Called in the Taleef Shereef “ patole,” in Hindustanee
“ pulvul” or “ pulwul,” in Bengalee “ pulta” (J. F. Wats.); and the “ patoli” or “ patolika
or “ ramyaka ” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. chik. 5), is referred here by Hes,sler : T.
dioica was observed by Roxburgh, Piddington, Royle, and Jameson, cultivated as an article of food
in the region watered by the Ganges (J. F. Wats., and Drur.).
Luffa acutangnla of Tropical Hindustan. A climbing Cucurbitaceous vine called in Bengalee
“ jhingo,” in Tamil “ peekun-kai ” in Telinga “ beer-kai,” in plindustanee “ torooi ” (Drur.), in the
environs of Bombay “ toorai ” or “ gosalee ” (Graham), and species of Luffa in Sanscrit “ kosataki ”
(J. F, Wats.) : the “ kosataki ” or “ koshataki” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. Chik. 5),
may be compared : L. acutangula was observed by Rheede viii. pl. 7 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ commonly
cultivated ” in the environs of Bombay; by Roxburgh, and Wight, in otlier parts of the peninsula,
in hedges and waste lands and besides cultivated, its half-grown fruit “ one of the best native
vegetables in India” and much used in curries (Drur.).
Pandia dumetorum of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A thorny arborescent
shrub called in Sanscrit “ madana ” (.YinsL), in Telinga “ mangha,” in Tamil “ marukarung,” in Hindustanee
“ myn ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ ghelah ” or “ gaerah ” or “ peiraloo ” (Graham) ; m
which we recognize the “ madana ” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. iii. 2): R. dumetorum was
observed by Law, Murray, and Graham, from Guzerat “ throughout the Concans and Malabar,” its
“ fruit like a crab apple,” and “ used for poisoning fish ; ” by Retz, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, as
far as Mysore and Coromandel, its fruit “ very commonly used as an emetic by the poorer classes ; ”
was observed by Mason in Burmah; by Blume bijdr. 981, as far as the Malayan archipelago.
Embelia ribes of Tropical Plindustan and Burmah. A large climbing shrub called in Telinga
“ vayu-velangam-chettu ” (J. F. Wats.), in Tamil “ vellal,” in Malabar “ vishaul,” in Bengalee “ ba-
berung” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay'“ karkunnie ” (Graham): the “ vid’aiiga ” of the stanzas
of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. kalp. 3), is referred here by Hessler : E. ribes was observed by Graham
at “ Mahableshwur, pretty common ; ” by Roxburgh, Royle, and Wight, as far as Silhet, its berries
used medicinally, and sometimes fraudulently intermingled with black pepper, being almost indistinguishable
and withal somewhat pungent (Drur.) ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah.
dchnocarpus frutescens of .Tropical Hindustan and Burmah A twining Apocynous plant called
in Sanscrit “ syania ” (J. F. Wats.), in Malabar “ paal-vully,” in Telinga “ iialla-tiga,” in Bengalee
“ shyama-luta ” (Drur.) or “ syama-lata” *(W. Jones); in which we recognize the “ syama” of the
stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Su.srut. iv. 6 to 37), mentioned also in the Amara-cosha, and by Kalidasa :
I. frutescens was observecl by Law, and Graham, in tlie Southern Mahratta country ; by Wight, and
Drury, as far as Travancore, “ common in hedges ; ” by Burmann zeyl. pl. 12, on Ceylon ; by W. Jones
as. res. iv. 261, Ro.xburgh, and Royle, as far as Bengal, used sometimes medicinally (Lindl.) ; by
Mason, indigenous in Burmah. (See Villarsia Indica).
Poitlera tinctoria of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A tree called in Sanscrit “ punnaga,” in
Bengalee “ poonnag,” in Telinga “ punnaganiu” (J. F. Wats.) or “ vassuntagunda,” in Tamil “ capi-
lapodi,” in Flindustanee “ kamal,” in the environs of Bombay “ shendree” (Graham), in Mysore
“ coim\ga-rmmgi-marzm’’~moni'eys-face tree ifom monkeys reddening their faces by rubbing against
the fruit (Buchanan); in which we recognize the “ punnaga ” of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut.
sar. 4), “ poonnaga” of Vaimiki ram. i. 25, the ape besmearing his female’s face with flowery
dust in Bhavabhuti mal. 9, and bees abandoning the trees in Kalidasa ragh. iv. 57 : R. tinctoria was
observed by Rheede v. pl. 21 in Malabar; by Graham, on “ hills throughout the Concans, the “ mealy
powder ” on the fruit “ used by the natives to dye red ; ” by Roxburgh, Royle, and Drury, “ comnion
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