M
a Y it
I'
* - * « f
• " F ' '
îi i ’J
i l i l
r fli f
“ The same y e a r= r3 th of Chun-tchi” (Panth. 443), edict by the Chinese emperor against
Christian missionaries. A t Pekin (Pauth 432), first arrival of a Russian ambassador; but refusing
compliance with the ceremonies of introduction, he was not received at Court. The Dutch ambassador
was in Irke manner unsuccessful: the commander of the Chinese fleet, abandoning further
resistance to the Mantchous, having withdrawn to Formosa and dispossessed the Dutch.
“ The same y e a r ” (Blair), by Huygens, the p e n d u l u m applied to clocks, a great improvement.
In the poem attributed to Governor Bradford (hist. coll. iii. p. 77), mention is made of fruit trees
now bearing in New England: “ p e a r s , c h e r r i e s , p l u m b s , q u i n c e s , and p e a c h ; " also, of “ the fair
white lily ” ( L i l i u m c a n d i d u m ') “ and sweet fragrant ro se ” ( R o s a r u b i g i n o s a ) ; and of additional
garden herbs, as “ skirets” ( S i u m s i s a r u m ') , “ b e e t s , coleworts and fair cabbages” ( B r a s s i c a
o l e r a c e d ) .
“ 1657 A. D .” (Belknap i. 160, and Holmes), by the Massachusetts le.gislature, a licence to certain
persons to supply the Eastern natives with arms and ammunition for hunting, on paying an
acknowledgment. Death of Governor William Bradford ; “ the very prop and glory of Plymouth
colony during all the whole series of changes that passed over it ” (Hubbard 62).
“ December 17th ” (Humb. cosm. iv ), the real form of the ring of Saturn made out by Huygens.
— The eighth or outermost satellite was discovered by Cassini in “ October 1671 ; ” the fifth, by him
“ Dec. 23d 1672 ; ” the third and fourth, by him at the “ end of March 1684; ” the first, by Herschel
“ Aug. 28th 1789 ; ” the second, by him on the following “ Sept, 17th ; ” and the seventh, by “ Bond
at Cambridge U. S. Sept. 16 to 19 ” and “ Lassell at Liverpool Sept. 19 to 20, 1848.”
“ 1658 A. D .” (Churchill coll.), at Macasar in Celebes, Fernandez Navarrete vi, 8 found an ambassador
from the “ great nababo of Golconda ” in Hindustan. Showing commercial relations ; and
that the people of Celebes had already acquired political importance.
A b i r d o f p a r a d i s e was seen by Navarrete at Terranate : and at Macassar, many
“ cacatua” ( c o c k a t o o s , Psittacus), all white, easily made tame and learned to talk. — Dampier bought
cockatoos at the island of Bouton, farther South (both kinds of birds having of course been brought
originally from the Eastward).
“ In this year ” (Krapf trav. 521-9), Muscat recaptured from the Portuguese by the Arabs under
Sultan bin Seif bin Malik.
“ Sept. 3d and 13th, Friday” (Nicol.), death of Oliver Cromwell. Who was succeeded as “ Protector”
by his son Richard.
“ In this y e a r ” (Smith ed. fl. lapp.), Olaus Rudbeck publishing his Cat. hort. Upsal., enumerating
P e d i c u l a r i s s c e p t r u m - c a r o l i n u m 4.
“ 1659 A. D.” (Chaim., and Holmes), Charles II., although excluded from England, proclaimed
king by the Virginia colonists. The Spanish town of Campeachy captured by the English under
Christopher Mims (Harris voy. ii. 903).
“ The same y e a r ” (Hazard coll. ii. 565 to 572), in Massachusetts, William Robinson and Mar-
maduke Stephenson, Quakers, returning “ after banishment upon pain of death,” were executed.
Mary Dyer, a Quakeress, was reprieved on condition of leaving the jurisdiction : — but she returned
in the following year, and was executed.
“ 1660, May 29th ” (Blair, and Nicol.), Richard Cromwell having resigned, the “ Commonwealth ”
succeeded by the restoration of monarchy, with Charles II. as king. By the English parliament, the
Navigation act was rendered more stringent; the export of various colonial products to countries not
belonging to England, being prohibited.
In Denmark (Blair), the government was in this year made absolute.
“ J u ly ” (Chaim., and Holmes), arrival at Boston of Whalley and Goffe, regicide judges: having
left England before the Restoration, they did not at first conceal themselves. New England, Maryland,
and Virginia, at this time “ the only English colonies on the American continent;” and estimated
to contain “ no more than eighty thousand inhabitants” (Chaim, i. 239).
“ The same y e a r ” (Maunder), Shah Jehan dethroned by his son Aurungzebe, now emperor of
Northern Hindustan,
“ 1661 A. D.” (Chaim., and Holmes), by the governor and legislature of Massachusetts, Charles
II. formally acknowledged king. In accordance with a letter from him, the penal laws against
Quakers were suspended : on which occasion, “ twenty-eight” Quakers were released from prison and
conducted beyond the jurisdiction of Massachusetts (Hazard ii. 595). The translation by John h.liot
of the New Testament into the aboriginal language, completed in this year, and printed.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Gabr. Grisley at Lisbon, publishing his Viridar, Lusitan., enumerating
M y r i c a F a y a (of Madeira) 305, S a l v i a p o l y m o r p h a 751-5, G r a t i o l a l in i f o - l ia 698, I r i s L u s i t a n i c a
\y,6a, M i l i u m m u l t i f l o r u m 692, A v e n a p a l l e n s 601, H o r d e u m h y s t r i x 639, F x a c u m f l i f o r m e 310,
N o n e a n i g r i c a n s 9 7 , A n a g a l l i s p a r v i f l o r a 9 2 , P a r i e t a r i a p l a t y p h y l l o s 1 1 1 r, A n a g a l l i s l i n i f o l i a 88,
V e r b a s c u m b l a t t a r i o i d e s 202, F c h i u m p l a n t a g i n e u m 449, E r y n g i u m i l i c i f o l i u m 476, E . o d o r a t u m 479>
QF. A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S .
E . p e n t a n t h u m \ 8 \ , A n g e l i c a m o n t a n a lo i, C a u c a l i s e l o n g a t a 303, A t h a m a n t h a v e r t i c i l l o s a 437,
O e n a n t h e a p i i f o l i a \ 2 \ , S t a t i c e a n g u s t i f o l i a 8 7 6 , A r m e r i a f a s c i c u l a t a 1 3 6 1 , A . c e p h a l o t e s 1 3 6 0 , A .
h u m i l i s 1 3 6 2 , L i n u m t e n u e 8 9 1 , S c i l l a m o n o p h y l l o s l$ $ 2 , O r n i t h o g a l u m r o c c e n s e 1596, O . c h l o r a n -
t h u m 1595, L e u c o i u m t r i c h o p h y l l u m 1572, P o l y g o n a t u m a m b ig u u m 1 175, C o l c h i c u m t e s s e l a t u m 1525,
R u m e x t h y r s o i d e s 18 , A l i s m a t r i n e r v i u m 1 1 6 6 , D i a n t h u s a t t e n u a t u s 2 9 a , S i l e n e a r e n a r i a 921, W
s a b u l e t o r u m 922, N. p s a m m i l i s 923, L y t h r u m m e o n a n t h u m 936, G e u m A t l a n t i c u m 286, C i s t u s v e r t i -
c i l l i f l o r u s 371, D e l p h i n i u m p e n t a g y n u m 26, I d n a i ' i a d e a lb a t a 457, L . m u l t i p u n c t a i a 880, L . a m e t h y -
s t i n a 881, L . l i n o g r i s e a 882, L . b i p u n c t a t a 883, L . L u s i t a n i c a 885, A n t i r r h i n u m m e o n a n t h u m 108,
B a r t s i a m a x im a 57, E u p h r a s i a s c a b r a 496, E . f l i f o l i a 495, C o c h l e a r ia a c a u l i s 3 7 7 , C h e i r a n t h u s
l o j i g i s i l i q u i s 860, M a l v a t u b e r c u l a t a 55, L a t h y r u s h e l o d e s 740. 837, G e n i s t a t r i a c a n t h o s 543, A s t r a g
a l u s c y m b a e c a r p o s 171, A n t h y l l i s h a m o s a 106, O r n i t h o p u s s a t i v u s 1089, O . r é p a n d u s 1281, H y p e r i c
u m l i u a r i a e f o l i u m 765, H . t o m e n t o s u m 768, C i c h o r i u m d i v a r i c a t u m 355, H e lm i n t h i a s p i n o s a 230,
S c o r z o n e r a m u l t i f l d a 1295, N. p i n i f o l i a 1294, A n t h e m i s f u s c a t a 323, C e n t a u r e a u l i g i n o s a 771, C .
p o l y a c a n t h a 774, C . U m b a t a 775, A c e r a s a n t h r o p o m o r p h a 1592, Q u e r c u s p h e l l o d r y s 7 8 7 , M e r c u r i a l i s
e l l i p t i c a 1025.
“ In the reign of Chun-tchi” (according to Chinese historians, Pauth. 433), the population of
China amounting to “ 14,883,858 families.”
“ 1662 A. D .” (Chaim., and Plolmes), by the assembly of Maryland, a law for establishing a mint :
being, with one in Massachusetts already noticed, the only laws in the country for c o i n i n g m o n e y —
until the Revolution.
“ Aug, 24th ” (Neal, and Holmes), in England, enforcement of the Act of uniformity in religion ;
by which about “ two thousand ” dissenting clergymen were ejected, without provision for themselves
or families. Many, for exercising their ministry in private, died in prison ; but a considerable number
found an asylum in New England.
“ In this y e a r ” (Klapr. mem. i. 324), the Dutch driven out of Formosa and the Pescadores by
the Chinese pirate Tching-tching-koung or Koxinga ; — who with his successors held possession
twenty-one years.
“ The same year ” (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 433), Chun-tchi succeeded as emperor by
his child Khang-hi, under the guardianship of “ four regents.” Qne of their first measures was the
expulsion of eunuchs from the palace and ail posts of honour and dignity. The abandonment of the
seacoast was also ordered by the regents : on account of the depredations of Koxinga, the pirate-
chief of Formosa.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Georg a Turre, after visiting Crete, publishing his Cat. hort. Padua,
enumerating “ rubia arborescens cretica” E r n o d e a m o n t a n a , and “ petroselinum creticum radice
tuberosa ” B u n i u m f e r u l a c e u m .
“ 1663, Jan. 26th” (Josselyn, and Holmes), a severe e a r t h q u a k e throughout Canada, New England,
and the New Netherlands.
“ July 27th,” Josselyn on his Second voyage arriving in the harbor below Boston. He proceeded
to Black point “ six mile to the Eastward of Saco,” * — and remained in New England until “ Oct.
loth, 1671.”
During the governorship of Berkeley (Spreng. gesch.), John Banister in company with William
Vernon and David Krieg, arriving in Virginia, meeting with X y r i s b u lb o s a (Ray pl. 2), “ cyperus mili-
aceus marilandicus ” T r i c h o p l i o r u m e r i o p h o r u m , E l y m u s C a n a d e n s i s (Ray suppl. 599), L e c h e a m i n o r
(R. s. 132), H o u s t o i i i a c c e r u l e a (R. s. 502), H e d y o t i s p u r p u r e a (R. s. 262), P l a n t a g o V i r g i n i c a (R.
hist. ii. 188), O n o s m o d i u m V i r g i n i a n u m (R. s. 272), P h l o x p i l o s a (R. s. 490), S p i g e l i a M a r y l a n d i c a
(R. dendr. 32), C e a n o t h u s A m e r i c a n u s (R. dendr. 69), E u o n y m u s A m e r i c a n u s (R. d. 57), S a n i c u l a
M a r y l a n d i c a (R. s. 260), C i c u t a b u l b i f e r a (R. s. 260), O e n o t h e r a p u m i l a (R. s. 416), G a u l t h e r i a
* P l a t a n u s O c c i d e n t a l i s a i the Mississippi and its tributaries. The b u t t o n -w o o d or A m e r i c a n
possibly brought and planted by the natives in Eastern New England: observed by Josselyn
voyag. 70, “ a stately tree, growing here and there in valleys, not like to any trees in Europe,
having a smooth bark, of a dark brown colour, the leaves like great maple, in England called sycamor,
but larger : ” — “ a button-wood tree which measured nine yards in girth,” is mentioned by Paul
Dudley writing from New England in 1726 (phil. trans. xxxiii. 129, and arch. Am. iv. 125) ; P.
Qccidentalis was observed by F. A, Michaux as far East as Portland, and from 44° on Lake Champlain
throughout the Western States, bnt rare in the lower portion of Carolina and Georgia; by
mysell, not clearly indigenous along the Atlantic in New England and our Middle States, but wild
along the banks of the Qhio ; by Catesby i. pl. 56, and Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Bartram, as far
as 30° in Florida ; by Darby 77, to 31° in Louisiana ; by Nuttall, at 34° on the Arkansas ; by Long’s
Exp , as far up the Mississippi as 41° ; and by E. James, on the Missouri and tli,p Canadian.
121
i ' l .
I' o .
ji®
' { litoi
'Y ...ÌY
: J
' -,
' r
- F -