OF -A C COM PAN Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S .
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remnant of Dutch colonists were sent to France ; leaving behind “ more than one thousand and
s ix ty ” colonists White and Black, including “ not fo r ty ” women. In regard to the climate, not a
drop of rain fell from the “ loth of July to the loth of November.” In Indian Guayana, nereer to and
as far as the Equator, rains are more frequent aud abundant, the native tribes in general living by cultivating
the soil, making and drinking several kinds of beverages: the Aracarets are enumerated as
having no enemies ; the Palicours are continually warring against the Caribs ; and the Arrouagues, a
considerable tribe on Berbice river, have had long wars against the Caribs, and have often defeated
them,
“ Nov. 17th ” (Josselyn, and Holmes), a very large c o m e t : which continued visible in New England
his
com-
-The first meetthe
until “ Feb. 4th.” The comet “ was conspicuous to the whole world.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn. fl. suec.), after his Hort. Upsal. “ in 1658” Olaus Rudbeck publishing
Delic. Hort. Jacob. — He published Auct. Hort. Upsal. “ in 1666,” Hort. Botan. “ in 1685,” o
menced Camp. Elys., and died “ in 1702” (Spreng.).
1665 A. D. ( = “ 3d year of Kinsen,” art de verif.), the inquisitorial tribunal Jesumt established
by Kinsen and the cubo : by which every inhabitant of Nangasaki and of tlie province of Bungo, the
only parts of Japan where there remained suspicion of Christianity, was compelled to trample on the
cross.
“ J u ly ” (Blair), London desolated by pestilence.
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), founding of the Academy of Sciences of Paris,
ings were held in the following year (Blair).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), John Rea publishing his Florilege, enumerating E r y t h r o n i u m A m e r i c
a n u m .
“ The same y e a r ” (tradit. by Z. Macy, hist. coll. iii. p. 159), Metacom or Philip having come alone
to Nantucket, to kill a native for “ speaking the name of the dead,” it was supposed, of a near connexion
(see R. Williams’ key) : the English interceding, all the money they were able to collect “ was
barely sufficient to satisfy ” Metacom ior the native’s life.
“ The same y e a r ” (Maunder), the French obtain footing on the West coast of Haiti or Hayti.
“ i 566 A . D .” (Pauth. 434), in China, one of the four regents dying, the cares of government
assumed by Khang-hi, now “ thirteen” years old. — P. Verbiest was appointed by him chief of the
Bureau of astronomers.
“ Sept. 2d” (Blair), the great fire in London.
“ In or about this y e a r ” (Harris voy., and Holmes), beginning of the depredations of the “ buccaneers
: ” adventurers combined together, principally English and French, for the purpose of plundering
Spanish settlements in the West Indies.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), after his Hort. Stud, in “ 1657,” Hyacinth Ambrosini publishing his
Phytol, enumerating * P a s s i f i o r a h e d e r a c e a 91, A n t h e m i s t o m e n t o s a 100, and C e n t a z i r e a a m b e r b o i .
— He died in “ 1672.”
“ In this y e a r ” (W in ck l) , Chabré publishing his Stirp. Sciagraph., taken principally from
J. Bauhin.
S e l i n u m C h a b r a c i of middle Europe. Described by Chabré — (Spreng.) ; observed by Crantz,
and Jacquin austr. I p l 72, in Austria; by Moench, in Germany; by Allioni, in Piedmont; by Villars,
in Dauphiny; by Thuillier, as far as the environs of Paris (Steud.) ; and within fifty years, after
the opening of the Doubs canal “ to 1822,” made its appearance in the environs of Montbelliard (Bern.,
and A. Dec.).
1667 A. D. = “ 6th year of Khang-hi ” (topog. Cant., and Pauth. p. 473), reception of an ambassador
; bringing a letter written on leaves of gold, the king’s portrait, a sword ornamented with gold,
* T r i p s a c u m d a c t y l o i d e s of North America. T h e g a m a g r a s s , reedy with leaves an inch wide,
transported to Europe described by Hyacinth Ambrosini 516— (Spreng.), Miller, and Linnæus.
Westward, was observed by Torrey, and A. Gray, from 41° in Connecticut “ near the coast,” “ sometimes
used for fodder at the South ; ” by Pursh, in Virginia, Carolina, and Illinois ; by Nuttall, from
40° on the Atlantic and the “ prairies of the W e s t ” to Red river of Louisiana; by Schweinitz, at 36°
in Upper Carolina; by Walter, and Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, in “ rich soil, Florida,
and northward ; ” by Baldwin, as far as 29° ; and according to Kunth, grows also as far as Hayti,
Mexico, and California. “ T. monostachyum,” regarded by Nuttall as only a variety, was observed
by him on the Arkansas ; by Pursh, near salt water from New York to Carolina.
C o l l a d e a m o n o s t a c h y a of the West Indies. A grass, transported to Europe, described by Hyacinth
Ambrosini 235 — (Spreng.), termed “ tripsacum hermaphroditum ” by the younger Linnæus, “ ante-
jffiora elegans” by Schreber and Beauvois (Steud.). Westward, is known to grow wild on Jamaica
(Pers.).
a scabbard of gold and precious stones, many other costly articles ; and for the empress, a large looking
glass, a collar of c o r a l , also a m b e r , r o s e -w a t e r , and other perfumes. In return the emperor gave
silver, eighty pieces of silk, etc. ; and besides, sixty-six pieces of silk and a hundred taels of silver to
the ambassador ; eighteen pieces of silk and fifty taels, to the second in rank ; the same, to the priest ;
and ten pieces of silk and twenty taels, to each of the nineteen attachés.
“ The same y e a r ” (Walpole trav. p. 181), near Tabriz in Northern Persia, death of the traveller
Thevenot. — “ In 1S13,” the English traveller W. G. Browne was also buried at Tabriz,
July 2oth ( = 128 -f- 1539 years), should be the end of the fourth G r e a t Y e a r of the Egyptians.
“ July 31st ” (Anderson, and Holmes), treaties of peace at Breda: the Dutch ceding New Netherlands
to the English, and the English ceding Surinam to the Dutch ; the French ceding their portion
of St. Christopher with the neighbouring islands of Antigua and Montserrat, to the English, and the
English ceding Acadie to France. A treaty of commerce was also concluded between England and
Spain ; comprehending all interests, both in Europe and America.
One hundred and seventy-ninth generation. Sept. ist, 1667, mostly beyond youth: the Greek
writers Georgius Chortatzes d. 1676, Matthaeus bishop of Myra d. 1683: Joseph Penco de la Vega ;
Mothe le Vayer ; duke de Rochefoucauld; Thomas Hobbes; Mezeray ; Dr. John Wallis ; J. Frederick
Gronovius ; John Milton ; Thomas Bartholin ; Edmund Waller ; Peter Corneille ; Molière ; Du
Cange; Algernon Sidney ; Sir John Marsham ; Samuel Butler ; Lewis Maiinbourg ; Ralph Cudworth ;
Giles Menage; Charles de St. Evremond ; Benedict de Spinosa; Isaac Barrow; Sir William Temple
; René Rapin ; Dr. Thomas Sydenham ; Robert Boyle ; Samuel Puffendorf ; Daniel George Mor-
hoff ; John de la Bruyere ; John de la Fontaine ; Sir George Mackenzie ; Bouhours ; John Dryden;
Racine; John Locke; Edward Stillingfleet ; archbishop Tillotson ; Bossuet: the microscopic observers,
Robert Hook d. 1702, Nehemiah Grew d. 1711, Marc. Malpighi d. 1694: the botanists, Herbertus
de Jager, Maurit. Hofmannus d. 1698, Guerner Rolfinck d. 1673, Elias Peine, Marcus Mappus
d. 1701, Henr. Regio d. 1679, Abr. Muntingius d. 1683, Carol. Schaffer d. 1675, lacobus Roggeri,
Christopher Merrett d. 1695, Robert Plot d. 1696, Franc. Sterbeeck, Dedu : the painters, Carlo
Maratti, Charles le Brun, Jacob Ruysdael d . 16S1, Claude Gelée of Lorraine cl. 1682, Rembrandt van
Ryn d . 1674, David Teniers the younger d. 1694, Bartolomé Estevan Murillo d. 1685, Salvatore Rosa
d. 1673, Caspar Poussin d . 1675 : the architect Christopher Wren.
“ The same y e a r ” (Anderson, and Holmes), Captain Gillam after passing through Hudson’s
Straits to the head of James’ Bay, building a fort at Rupert’s river ; the beginning of the f u r t r a d e in
those countries. — In the following year, “ May 2d,” the Hudson’s Bay Company was chartered.
“ 1668 A. D,” (Chaim., and Holmes), on application to the Massachusetts legislature, commissioners
accompanied by a troop of horse sent into Maine ; and the colonial authority re-established.
“ The same year ” (univ. hist., and Holmes), by Lord Willoughby, governor of Barbadoes, forces
sent to the Islands of St. Vincent and Dominica, and the. natives compelled to submit to the English
government.
“ 1669 A. D.” (Chaim., and Holmes), in accordance with the constitution granted, an assembly
first convened in Carolina. Meeting in Albemarle County.
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), Morison publishing his Hort. Bles, auct., enumerating S t a p h y l e a t r i f
o l i a 295, “ virga aurea americana foliis serratis angustis subtus nervosis ” 322 S o l i d a g o C a n a d e n s i s ,
H e l i a n t h u s s t r u m o s u s 250.
“ In this y e a r ” (Humb. cosm. ii.), rocky strata hardened before the existence of plants and
animals and therefore never containing organic remains, distinguished from “ túrbida maris sedimenta”
by Nicolaus Steno or Stenson. Who also thought he could distinguish “ s ix ” great geological
epochs or revolutions in Tuscany.
“ Sept. 6th” (Blair), the island of Candia or Crete captured by the Turks.
In a letter to the Royal Society of London (phil. trans, for 1670, Tuckerm. archæol Amer.
iv. 123), governor John Winthrop of Connecticut mentions as sent; specimens of “ fir-balsam ”
( A b i e s b a l s a m e a ') , “ which grows in Nova Scotia, and, as I hear, in the more easterly part of New
England.” *
* P o p u l u s m o n i l i f e r a of the Mississippi and its tributaries. The c o t t o n -w o o d , a lofty tree, probably
the “ cotton-tree bearing a kind of down, which also is not fit to spin,” a branch of which was
sent by John Winthrop the younger from Connecticut : — P. monilifera is known to grow from “ New
England to Illinois ” (A. Gray) ; was observed by F. A. Michaux from the Genessee to Virginia and
islancls in the Ohio, but rare in the Atlantic States ; by myself, along the banks of the Ohio ; by Nuttall,
along the Arkansas ; by Lewis and Clark, alongthe Mississippi and Missouri ; by Long’s Expedition
ii. 141, as far as 48° ; by E. James, as far as the Rocky mountains and sources of the Columbia; and is
perhaps the shrubby cotton tree seen by Pike app. 22 along the Del Norte “ throughout New Biscay.”
Q u e r c u s i l i c i f o U a of Nortlieast America. A rigid straggling shrub called b e a r o a k or s c r u b o a k .
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