8 6 4 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
brou»ht by Andreas Doria returning in his fleet from Africa — (Caesalp. xii. 42), may be compared .
S. Saracenicus is however described by Braunsweig; was observed by Tragus 1. pl. 163 in the woods
of Germany and much used as a vulnerary ; is regarded by Jacquin auslr. pl. 186, Persoon, fries,
and A. Decandolle, as indigenous in middle Europe as far as Denmark, fo Britain, was known to
i’arkinson th. 540, to Ray as growing spontaneously, was found by Mackay in woods near Bantry m
Ireland, but occurring chiefly in suspected localities is regarded by Watson cyb. 11. n8 as probably
e.xotic. , . Sutecio Doria of the Mediterranean countries. — Termed “ dorea ” in the Vindarium botanicum
Italo-Hvspanum (a manuscript of A. D. 1731, Targ.), “ s. altissimus ” by Miller, “ s. carnores by
Lamarck fl. fr. (Steud.) ; described also by Linnæus ; and known to grow m France and Germany
(Jacq. austr. pl. 185, and Pers ).
“ June 2»th ” (Alst), Maximilian succeeded by the king of Spain Charles V., now elected emperor
of Germany and Italy. , tt j
“ The same year ” (Churchill coll.), landing in Mexico of a Spanish expedition under Plernando
Cortes. • , . T •
“ In this year” (W. B. Rye edit. De Sot. p. xii), Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda sailing from Jamaica
under “ orders to search for some gulf or strait on the continent towards Florida.” After following
the coast Eastward, and then Westward, making a careful survey and taking possession of the country,
he fell in with Cortes, engaged at Vera Cruz. From this limit he turned backwards, ancl on his vvay
“ discovered a mighty river ” (the .Mississippi), “ at whose mouth dwelt a considerable population.”
“ 15^0 A D ” (Alst ancl art de verif.), Selim succeeded by Suliman II., twelfth Turkish sultan.
Agreeably to the uniform practice with Turkish sultans (Marcel p. 200). the coins issued by him bear
the date of his accession only.
“ June 14th ” (Alst), by pope Leo X., a decree excommunicating Luther and ordenng his writings
to be burned “ Nov. 4th,” by Frederic of Saxony, another refusal to comply with the pope’s demand
and deliver up Luther. “ Dec. loth,” at Witemberg in the presence of a large assembly, the pope’s
decree publicly burned by Luther. , , , ^ ,
“ The same year” (Clavig., and Humb. all. pict), Montezuma II. succeeded by Cuitlahuatzm ;
and after “ three months,” by Ouauhtemotzin, eleventh Mexican emperor.
The collection of living animals kept by Montezuma included an American bison, Bos Americanus
(Henderson in Am. Nat. for 1872) ; showing communication with the plains of the Arkansas
and Missouri.“ in this vear ” (Ciez. de Leon, and Markham edit.), the city of Panama fro und1e dj ib, y nPe dj rari■ as die„
Avila governor of Terra Firma. — The city was captured and destroyed by the buccaneer Morgan tn
“ Feb?67i,” and the new city bearing the same name is “ some miles ” distant.
“ The same year ” (Ovied. gen. hist. iv. 4), rebellion of Negro slaves in the West Indies. Also,
sailin» from Havti of two ships under L. Vazquez de Ayllon for the Florida coast: m “ about Lat.
3»° ” he named Î cape “ Santa-Elena,” and beyond entered the river Chico (Santee); where he enticed
/tives on board and returned with “ fifty ” to Hayti (art de verif. contin.) ; the experiment proved a
fa i lur e , fo r the captives could not be induced to labour. tt „
“ Au». 24th” (Stanley edit. Mag., and Pigaf.), Fernando de Magalhaens or M^ellre, a Portuguese
in Spanish employ, with four small vessels on his way Westward to join his friend francisco
Serano at the Moluccas, leaving Port St. Julian in Patagonia; where he had quelled a mutiny.
Ma»ellan continued South, and “ Oct. 21st in about 52° S.” entered an opening leading to three c£n-
nels“ - and of the vessels sent to examine one secretly deserted and returned homewards. Magellan
una/are continued onward in his explorations, and after many days word was brought b)£he boats ot
a “ sea great and wide : ” .Magellan now “ began to cry,” for he “ liad made up his mind to go as far
as seventyfove degrees towards the antarctic pole.” On “Wednesday, Nov. 28th, he left the Stiaits
(which continue to bear his name), sailing on the Pacific “West-northwest.” _
A bium didce of Austral and Western America. Larger and possibly distinct from h. graveolens
the leaves more divided and incised; called in Britain ee/err, in France “ celeri, m toly ‘ sel-
laro’” (Prior) • the “ appio,” a “ very sweet herb” growing near the springs, was eaten by Mapl an s
party for several days “ from not finding anything else ; ” there “ is some of the £me kind vfoich
is bitter ■ ” - “ Alexander’s scurvy grass ” was found in the .Straits of Magellan by Drake : A. dulce
was fir.st met with by myself within the Tropics, along the seashore of Southern Brazil ; afterwrecls
at the mouth of the Rio Negro in Patagonia; and in crowded beds lining the Southern shore of le.ra
del Fuego, upright and tall and almost edible ; bnt in Cliili along the Pacific, rare, s iff 'n g o n
the ground, and inedible ; is known to grow from the Falkland I.slands to Mexico (Lin£.) , au <
observed by Nuttall in California (acad. Phila. n. s. i. 183). In regard to cultreatcd ee/eiy, Mon at
Constantinople found tlie “ ache ” blanched and called “ selino ; in Western Europe, c®'®«
to have continued unknown until about the end of the Seventeenth century (Beckm., Mille., ana
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 865
Prior) ; and in Egypt, was found by Ciot-Bey confined almost exclusively to the pasha’s garden, and
only the root eaten. By European colonists, was carried to Hindustan (Graham) ; to Burmah
(Mason) ; and to Northeast America. (Compare A. graveolens.)
“ 1521, Jan.” (Humb. cosm, v), the use of the iog to ascertain the rate of sailing, “ cadena de la
popa ” and “ corredera” of Pigafetta. first mentioned on Magellan’s voyage.
“ Jan. 24th” (Churchill coll., and Stanley edit. Mag.), at the end of “ fifteen hundred leagues
in “ about l6J-° S.” Magellan discovered a small uninhabited island “ with trees on it ” and no anchorage
around (a coral-island) and named it San Pablo: “ two hundred leagues” beyond “ in iif° S.,” a
similar small uninhabited island, from the number of sharks around, received the name of Tiburones:
crossing the Equator and proceeding as far as “ 13° N.,” suffering much from scurvy and want of
food, on “ Wednesday March 6th ” a cluster of islands was discovered, which from their experience
with the natives was named Ladrones. Continuing West, on “ Saturday March i6th ” Samar, one of
the Philippines, was discovered (and the same longitude having been reached on the Moluccas by
Antonio Dabreu sailing East, the division of the globe between Portugal and Spain was completed).
Magellan visited the neighbouring islands of Mazzava and Sebu,* and warring against a chief on Matan,
who refused baptism and submission to the king of Spain, was slain with several of his companions
on “ Saturday, April 27th.” His successor Duarte Barbosa was soon afterwards slain with others by
natives who had professed friendship, and the vessels sailed Westward: one of them was burned at
sea, and the other two visited Palawan and the Northern part of Borneo, and having procured a native
pilot, returned along the coast of Mindanao, and on “ Friday Nov. Sth” reached Tidore in the Moluccas.
’ “ Dec. 21st,” the Victoria, one of these vessels now in the charge of Juan Sebastian del Cano,
leaving Tidore continued her voyage Westward; visiting on the way the islands of Burro, and Timor
“ in 11° S.” (Galvan.).
“ 1521, March 6th ” (Alst.), through Frederic, Luther furnished with letters of safe-conduct trom
the emperor Charles V., and invited to the Diet at Worms: where he explained his views before the
princes of the Empire. Returning under proscription, he was concealed by Frederic in the castle of
Warburg. Among those writing against Luther, Plenry V III. of England received from pope Leo X.
the honorary title of “ Defender of the'church.”
“ fo this year ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Johannes Manardus of Ferrara writing his Epist. Medic.
. . . . — He died “ in 1536.”
Heracleum panaces of the Pyrenees? Observed by Manardus in a garden at Ferrara —
(Spreng.); termed “ h. setosum” by Lapeyrouse (Steud.), and attributed to the Appenines and
Siberia (Pers.). - . , .
After “ nine months ” of this year (Clavig. iv. 55 to 61), end of the reign of Quauhtemotzm,
eleventh and last Mexican emperor ; the Spaniards under Cortes now obtaining entire possession of
the country. '
“ 1522, Jan. 2ist” (Churchill coll.), sailing of Giles Gonzales Davila, with four ships built on the
Pacific side of the Isthmus. After following the coast Westward as far as Nicoya in Nicaragua, he
landed : one of his ships under the command of Andrew Nino, continued on “ three hundred leagues”
in all, as far as the Bay of Fonseca in Guatimala. ' .
“ The same year = ‘ kia-tsing,’ ist year of Chi-tsoung-sou-ti ” or Chi-tsoung I I ., “ of the Ming”
or Twenty-third dynasty (Chinese chron. table). The Great Wall was repaired by Chi-tsoung II.
(Pauth. 406). . T J-
“ March iSth” (Alvo, and Stanley edit. Mag.), Amsterdam Island (North of St. Paul’s) in the Indian
Ocean, discovered by Sebastian del Cano in the Victoria, Continuing Westward, the Victoria entered
the Atlantic, and on “ Saturday, Sept. 6th ” (according to the reckoning of those on board), arrived at
* Canarium album of Anam and the Philippines. A pinnate-leaved Terebinthine tree called in
Ta»alo “ pisa” or “ pilaui,” in Ylocano “ anten ” (Blanco) ; and the animé gum of Pigafetta, “ wrapped
uptn leaves of palms or fig-trees ” to make candles by the natives on Mindanao, — may be compared :
C. album was observed by Loureiro on Anam ; by Blanco, frequent on the Philippines, its mixed
resinous juice wrapped in a frond of Corypha umbraculifera for illumination.
F. odorata was observed by Blanco rare on the Pliilippines, its leaves used by the natives for lining
the interior of the pot in cooking rice, to impart an agreeable odour. (Compare F. oppositifolia.)
Dioscorea tugui of the Philippines. Called in Tagalo “ tugui ” (Blanco) ; and the “ yams ” seen
by Pigafetta on Palawan —may be compared: D. tugui was observed by Blanco on the Philippines,
much cultivated by the natives and much esteemed.
109
:
I* ra
| 0 # , '
T!î! if!'-