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Rod/da pseudacacia of the tributaries of the Mississippi, from the Alleghanies Westrvard. The
American locust, a tree known to the natives from early times, and perhaps in soire instances
planted by them : — Strachey on James river met with a “ kind of low tree ” bearing a “ cod-hke pease.
dyeing ; observed by myself from Lat. 40° along the Atlantic, but full “ thirty miles from th® as
remarked by Elliot in Carolina; is known to grow in Virginia (A. Gray) ; was observed by Walter,
and Michaux, in Carolina ; by Chapman, in “ dry pine barrens, Florida to South Carolina ; by Nut-
tall in .Arkansas ; and according to A. Gray, grows in “ dry woods, Michigan to Wisconsin. From
transported specimens, is described by Morison iii. it. 28. 4, and J. F. Gmehn syst. 11. 315.
Carya amara of Northeast America. The bitter-nut hickory known to the natives from early
times; —a kind of “ walnutt” with “ fruit little, thin-shelled, and the kernel bitter,” was seen by
Strachey on James river: C. amara, by myself from the Mei-rimack Westward; by F. A. Michaux
from 45I in Vermont throughout Ohio and Illinois ; by A. Gray, “ common” (in central New York) ;
by Pursh, from New England to Mmrylantl and the Alleghaniês ; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by
Chapman, in “ Florida, and northward;” by Darby, on Pearl river in Louisiana; and by Nuttall, on
the Arkansas. . r i x- Carya tome7itosa of Northeast America. The hicko7j, known to the natives from early times .
— “ walnut” growing on the Hudson and “ good for fuel,” is enumerated by the remonstrants against
Stuyvesant : C. tomentosa was observed by F. A. Michaux from Lat. 43° on the Atlantic throughout
Kentucky and Tennessee to Upper Carolina and Georgia ; by myself, to 39° ; by Pursh, in Virginia ;
bv Croom, near Newbern; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, in “ rich soil, Florida, and
northward ; ” by Darby 178, at 31° on Pearl river in Louisiana ; by Nuttall on the Arkansas ; and by
Baldwin, as far as 39° on the .Missouri. ^ .
Carya alba of Northeast America. The shell-baik hickory, a tree with scaling bark, its nuts
eaten by the natives, and oil obtained from them to season their aliments —(F. A. Mx.); “ two kinds
of nuts that will yield oil,” were seen by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) ; a kind of “ walnutt”
with hard shell, meat sweet, of which tlie Indians make oil, was seen by Strachey on James river:
C alba was observed by F. A. Michaux from 43° on the Atlantic throughout the Ohio States to South
Carolina; by myself, from 43° to 39°; by Michaux, in Lower Virginia; by Schweinitz, at 36°; by
Elliot in the upper country of Carolina; by Chapman, “ in the upper districts, Georgia, and northward
by Short, in Kentucky ; and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas. Notwithstanding the demand for
its nuts, its cultivation does not appear to have been attempted. ^ . , .
Carya sulcata of Northeast America. The hard-nut hickory, its bark also scaling, and its nuts
eaten by the natives from early times : — is perhaps one of the “ two kinds ” of oil-yielding nuts seen by
Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) : a third kind of “ walnutt,” as the last, exceeding hard shell, and
passin» sweet kernel, was seen by Strachey on James river : C. sulcata, by F. A. Michaux from Lat.
40° rale along the Atlantic, throughout the Ohio States ; by Pursh, on the Alleghanies ; by Croom,
around Newbern ; by Elliot, rare in the low country of Carolina ; and according to A. Gray, grows
in “ rich woods, Pennsylvania to Illinois and Kentucky, nuts nearly as sweet as in the last.”
Carya glabra of Northeast America. The pignut hickory, known to the natives from early
times :—included doubtless in the “ walnut of different sizes in great abundance” on the Hudson,
mentioned by the remonstrants against Stuyvesant ; “ smalniits ” were seen by Higgeson near Salem ;
“ w aln u t” the nuts “ smooth” and “ some three-cornered, all of them but thinly replenished wifo
kernels ” by Josselyn in Eastern New England ; C. glabra, by myself from the Saco and Lat, 46
near Montreal Westward and Southward ; by F. A. Michaux, from 43° on the Atlantic to Georgm
and throughout the Ohio States ; by Pursh, in Virginia ; by Croom, around Newbern ; by Elliot, in
South Carolina ; by Chapman, in “ woods, Florida, and northward ; ” by Darby, in Louisiana North
of 31°; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas; by Baldwin, at 39° on the Missouri; its wood accordi£ to
A. Gray “ very tough and valuable,” and its “ exceedingly tough sprouts used as hu kory withes:'
Polygala senega of Northeast America. The seneca snakeroot, called by the natives “ senega,
and from early times the root used against the bite of the rattle-snake — (Kalm trav. in. 5, and hoist,
cat ) • P. senera is known to grow from the border of New England (A. Gray) Westward and Southward
; was received by Hooker from the Saskatchewan Lat. 50° ; by A. Gray, from Wisconsin ; was
observed by Short in Kentucky: by Pursh, in Canada and on the Alleghanies ; by Conrad, at 40 on
the Delaware; by Schweinitz, at 36°; by Elliot, on the Allegiianies of Carolina; ancl according to
Chapman, grows in Tennessee. From transported specimens, is described by Linnæus amæn. ac.
Apios tuberosa oi Northeast America. A Leguminous vine called by the natives “ hopms”
(Forst. cat ), and its tubers eaten from early times : — the “ openawk,” round roots strung togethei,
some as large or larger than a walnut, growing in marshy places and good for food when cooked, were
and supposed by his party to be the “ locust: ” R. pseudacacia is known to be indigenous among the
Alleghanies from Lat. 40° (F. A. Mx.) to Carolina (Ell.) ; was observed by F. A. Michaux, and
myself, indigenous along the Ohio; by Darby, as far as Natchitoches on Red river; by E. James, on
seen by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) ; “ ground nutts,” by Newport on James river ; “ ground-
mit.s,” by Gosnold on Elizabeth Island, and according to a Latin poem and one in English attributed
to Bradford, proved a resource to the Plymouth colonists during the famine a year after their arrival ■
A. tuberosa was received by Hooker from Lat. 4 / on the Lower St. Lawrence ; was observed by
myself along the Atlantic from 43° to 39° ; by Michaux, from Virginia to Carolina and Illinois ; by
Croom, near Newbern; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by N. A. Ware, in West Florida; by Bartram,
as far as 28° ; by Chapman, in “ swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and northward ; ” by Nuttall, on the
Arkansas ; by Long’s Expedition, on the Platte. Transported to Europe, is described by Cornuti
pl. 76.
Cerasus serótina of Northeast America. The rum cher.ry or.American black cherry is a large
tree known to the natives from early times, and its fruit eaten : — “ cherry-trees ” were seen by Newport
on James river ; “ wild cherries ” are enumerated by the remonstrants against Stuyvesant as
growing on the Hudson ; and wild cherries “ blackish red when ripe and of a harsh taste,” by Josselyn
rar. 60 in New England, who further states that “ transplanted and manured they grffiv exceedin»
fair : ” near the sea, C. serótina has been observed by myself only in the cultivated state ; but was
found by F. A. Michaux in Maine, and is known to grow on the Mississippi as far as St. Peter’s
river 45° (Long’s Exp. ii. 222); was observed by A. Gray in “ woods, common” (in central New
York) ; by F. A. Michaux, on the Genessee, and abounding in Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee
; by Chapman, in “ woods, Florida to Mississippi, and northward ; ” by Darby, in Opelousas ;
and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas. Transported to Europe, is described by Miller, and Ehrhart
iii. 20. ’
opuntia vulgaris of the alluvial Atlantic border of Nortli America. The prickly pear, known
to the natives from early times, and its fruit eaten; the “ metaquesunnauk” of the natives’ on the
Roanoke — is described by Hariot as an elegant fruit of the shape and almost as large as our “ piro-
rum,” red without and within, growing on a plant whose leaves are full of prickles (De Bry i.) :
“ prickle peare,” the same as seen on Bermuda, was found by Strachey on James river : and “ Spanish
figs which grow out of the leaves” are mentioned by the remonstrants against Stuyvesant : O. vulgari.
s is known to grow from Nantucket (A. Gray) and 42° on the Hudson throughout peninsular
New Jersey (C. P .); was observed by Nuttall from New Jersey to Florida; by Elliot, in South
Carolina; by Chapman, in “ dry sandy soil, Florida and nortliward, near the coast.” Transported
to Europe, is described by Io. Robin pl. 7.
^ R'yssa multiflora of Northeast America. The black gum or upland túpelo, a tree known to the
natives from early times ; — known lo grow from Lat. 41° along the Atlantic (Torr.) ; observed by
Marshall, F. A. Michaux, and myself, from Lat. 40°; by F. A. Michaux, in Georgia, Tennessee
and Kentucky ; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, in “ rich upland woods, Florida to Mis?
sissippi, and northward;” by Darby 117, to 31° in Louisiana,
^ Nyssa biflora of Northeast America. The swamp túpelo, known to the natives from early
times: the “ wenomesippagiiash ” of the Narragansets — is referred by R. Williams to the “ vine
tree ; ” and “ the home bound tree that to be cloven scornes ” was observed by W. Wood “ »rowin»
with broad-spread arms, the vines twist their curling branches about them, which vines afford »rea?
store of grapes” (V. labrusca) ; N. biflora has been observed by myself along the Atlantic from 43°
30 t0 4t°; by F. A. iMichaux, from the lower part of New Hampshire to Pennsylvania; by Pursh,
m Virginia and Carolina; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, in “ swamps, Florida to North
Carolina, and westward;” by Nuttall, in Lat. 34° on the Arkansas, and by E. James as far as the
Canadian branch.
Viburnum dcntatum of Northeast America. The arrow-wood is a large shrub, known from
w “ smale elderne ” by the Indian fietchers sought, — observed near Plymouth by
w. Wood 1. 5, IS referred here by Tuckerman ; V. dentatum is known to grow from Lat. 47° on th-
Uiauditre (Hook.) ; has been observed by myself along the Atlantic as far as 39° ; by Schweinitz
jil 36 ; by Pursh, irom the mountains of New York to Carolina ; by Elliot, on the mountains of Caro!
hiia; by Baldwin, as far as 31°; by Chapman, in "rich damp soil, West Florida to Mississippi and
Mithward ; ” by Short, in Kentucky ; and according to the fl. Mex. seen by Decandolle, grows within
the bounds of Mexico.
Vaccinium stamiueum of Northeast America. The deerberry known from early times: th ■
rrevcomenes ” of the natives on James river, — described by Strachey as “ like our goose-berries ”
and the “ goosberyes” seen there by Newport, are referred here by Forster cat. ; V. stamineum is
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