r m - W m v l
(Humb. IV. 9) : E. pimeuta was observed by Swartz obs. 202 in the West Indies. Transported to
Europe IS described by Plukenet aim. pl, 155. f 4, Blackwell pl. 355, and Miller; and its imported
product has become a well-known condiment, used also medicinally (Lindl.); was observed bv Rouver
in the drug shops of Egypt.
Z e a 7/ ia y s of Tropical America. The cultivation of ?/mzze or I/ id za fi c o rn introduced into Mexico
by the Toltecs — (Humb.) : the grain was used in the religious rites of both Mexicans and Peruvians
(A. Dec. 951), and sugar procured by them from it, also a vinous liquor called “ chicha,” drunkenness
having already become frequent under the Aztec dynasty (Ovied., and Humb. iv. 9) : spikes of maize
were observed by myself in the ancient Peruvian cemetery at Pachacamac : bread made of “ maiz” or
mahiz was seen by Columbus in the West Indies (F. Columb. 28), also by Oviedo nat. hyst. f. c.
Farther North, 1 horwald in 1003 found in Vinland a wooden “ kornhjalmr” corn-shed, and Z. mavs is
known to have been cultivated by the native tribes of Northeast America as far as the Bay of St. Law-
rence. Transported to Europe, was seen by Oviedo before 1525 under cultivation in Spain ; according
to Rhamnusis, “ was first seen in Italy in his own t im e ; ” and according to tradition and the
current names, from Turkey and Syria reached Egypt and the mountains of Yemen (Forsk., and Del.) •
also directly or indirectly by European colonists was carried to Hindus'tan, observed by Roxburo-h and
Graham, “ commonly cultivated” and called “ muk jowaree-boota,” and according to Drurv “ next to
rice It forms the most important crop in the east ” especially “ in Behar and Uppe'’r India ; ” 'to Ceylon
c a led there “ muwa” (Moon) ; to Burmah, called there “ pyoung-boo ” (Mason) ; to the Malayan
archipelago, called throughout “ ja gung ” (Crawf.), observecl by myself under cultivation on Mindanao
by Blanco, valued and well known on the other Philippine Islands ; to China, mentioned by Li-chi-
tchin in T552 to 1578 (A. Dec.) ; to Japan, brouglit perhaps from China, cultivated near Nagasaki and
called “ SJO kuso or usually “ too kibbi ” (Kaempf. v. 834. and Thunb.) ; and to most parts of the
world having a suitable climate, the Tropical islands of the Pacific forming at present the only considerable
exception. ^
“ 668, May iSth ” (Pauth. 301), a co ifie t. Regarded witli much alarm by the Chinese emperor
Kao-tsoung. “ Oct. 2cd,” submission of the king of Corea, after the capture of his chief city by the
Chinese.* ^ ^
“ The same y e a r ” (Sm. b. d.), Constans succeeded by Constantinus IV. Poranatus, eio-hteenth
Byzantine emperor.
P ' ” 302), in the region of Lake Kokonoor, the Chinese army defeated by the
Thibetians. loulun-Tieghin chief of the Ouigours is known to have warred against the Chinese under
the I hang (see Klapr. mem. ii. 333).
670 A. D.” (Cockayne iii. 451), the abbey in Thanet founded by Eormenburh, daughter of
U OT .,.ot..ot.!1,1 _1_Eormenred T. __1 . l i * . . . . _
king of Kent, with the wergild she had exacted for her murdered brothers.
“ 672 A. D.
(Plate in Sm. b. d.), after the capture of Smyrna and most o f the Greek islands, the
blockade of Constantinople begun by the Muslim fleet. In the defence, G r e e k f i r e , newly invented by
Callniicus enqfloyed with success. - A “ kind of fire ” was seen by Brocquiere at Baruth, that was
laundied into the air very high and to a great distance ” (evidently after the manner of rockets).
" T h e same y e a r ” (Chnt.), in Rome, Vitalianus succeeded by Adeodatus, twelfth archbishop
same y e a r ” (Beda. h. e. iv. iS, and Cockayne iii. 449), zEtheldrith, daughter of Anna king
of the East Angles, appointed abbess of Ely ; the monastery containing both men and women, as was
the way in Ireland.
“ The same year ” (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Tent-sii succeeded by his brother Tenmu or Ten-
bou, now “ fortieth ” dairo of Japan.
G e l id iu m c o rn e nm of Japan. A s e a w e e d \ called “ tengu sa ;” affording “ kanten or vegetable
* b r t i c a J a p ó n i c a of Japan. White cloth made by the Coreans of the fibres of the “ tchu ” as
early probably as this date : — this kind of cloth -is enumerated among the articles sent as tribute to the
Chinese emperor (geogr. Chin, transl. Klapr. 167). U. Japónica wa¿ observed in Japan by Thunberg,
Its fibres used for cords. ^ ^ ^
^ M a i n s b a c ca ta of Eastern Asia. Calleci “ men-tsu-fou ” by the Coreans, and “ lin-khm” by the
— Known to grow also in Daouria along the river Schilka, and in Siberia
(Pall. I. pl. 10, and Pers.).
a t A s e a w e e d called “ fu,” resembling carrageen, ancl from early times
much used for industrial purposes,” as “ for instance, the sizing of the warp of silk goods ” — (Jap.
Q n e i 'c n s s e r r a ta of Japan. An o a k known from early times, its branches placed in the sea to promote
the growth of seaweed, by furnishing a basis for attachment — (Jap. c. c. 100) ■ O serrata was
observed in Japan by Thunberg. *^/*
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 6 1 1
isinglass, employed frmia early times for cooking purposes, making moulds, and “ as a substitute for
0 : tt“ tt »tt .5. k ( + + . +
Mide?a" ft® "®"ró’ of the celebrated temple of
' «I’ “ ' " ta t l™ C o ™ , on ,„ e
« de celebeetion ol U,e f i „ , Mu .o r t , . „ o , ,d
archb fehqY ’ ™ Kome, Adeodatus succeeded by Donus or Domnus, thirteenth
I ooro), near Lake Kokonoor, a Chinese army of “ one hundred and ei»htv
thousand” men defeated by the Thibetians. nunarea ana eighty
“ Lhe^ame y e a r ” (A l s t ). at Rome, Domnus succeeded by Agatho, fourteenth archbishop.
leech C v h w d or Y n ! ’ F ^ B'Kain, a surgical operation performed by the
leechfCynifnd oi Cynexerth ; who opened a tumour for Aetheldryth queen ancl abbess, without sL in g
“ In this y e a r ” (Sm. b. d.), after the destruction of many ships by G r e e k f i r e the fleet of the
Muslims compelled to retire from Constantinople, and wrecked in a s t o L i th e iF e r e a t l V rd arnw
a so overtaken and defeated by the Greeks, and a treaty of peace signed by khalif Mu / Y y a l f ) 1 !
Y g t e F i i V F d ' Y S S ® ® ® ® « - « s o u t i t e ' Z ’K n Y :
rhe treatise De aliment, is dedicated to Constantinus IV. Pogonatus
“ nm e e i h t e ” t ' T 'W *™ ,® ' ' Subtropical America. Called in Britain p u r s la n e , by Turner
puicellaine, by I r e v e n s porcelayne,” in Germany “ portzel kraut ” from “ porcellus” Iccordin»
f r r Y a V Y i b i h V ! 1 A M M , in Italy “ poreellana” (Le lz ) , in Greece “ »lE
tritha S.bth ). m Egypt • baqlte or “ ndjle ” (Forsk.), and the X0 I p 0 B 0 T 0 N 0 N of the Eea
tise De al.ment . ,- -and 1 sellus 296, is referred here by E. A. Sophocles : P. olerácea is termed “ d
angustifoha s.ve sylvestris ” by Tournefort inst. 236 ; was observed by Munby ! A j e r i a is known
0 occur in Italy and throughout middle Europe, cultivated and growing a ! a w e l c f Y D e Í a t e
te led m S b ■■ b i z / Y ’ " Y T h " 1 “■ ®'®ft ft« ‘ ft® pot-herb” and
T a t e o ‘t e o t emt e ” ot-“ o! "®ftte‘® '0 °®. ^ a ; by Blanco, on the Philippines and called in
g colas man ot olasiman, in Cantarines “ ausiman ; ” by Bmree in Northern China -
t a b t e Y h e t e and he H ‘ ft® ° ‘ «’® ® '5 0» Tong?-
Dec ) • nnd -iq int- f I ’ Austral A fn c a (Thunb.) ; to the Mauritius Islands (Boj., and A.
G’v ’ lUimated above, to the Rolynesian islands.
in P P " ' ' mountains farther South. Called in Britain g o o s e b em y ,
Eastern counties th a p e o r f a p e o r f e a b e o r fe a -b e r r y ., in Germany “ krausel-beere ” or b)
I
.5/
I y '