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736 CFIRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
into Bengal, the only one by this route “ during the period of authentic history.” It was repelled by
the local authorities. - „ e x 4 flanxrus asccndens of Rohilcund. Affording according to Modeen Sheriff die genuine sufed
mush,” callld on the Deccan “ shakakul-hindi,” and from early times used medicinally as a substitute
for and better tlian salep:—known to grow in Rohilcund (Waring pharm. md. suppl.), eiiumeiated
by Drury. (See A. sarmentosus.) , . . , ^
“ 1245, June 2Sth to July 17th” (Alst., and Nicol.), Thirteenth general ecdesiastica! Council
Assembled at Lyons. The emperor Fredericus II. was excommunicated, and his subjects absolved
from their allegiance. The “ red cap ” for cardinals, was at the same time instituted.
“ The same year” (Clavig. ii. and Humb. iii. 8), arrival of the Aztecs at Chapoltepec on the
Western shore of lake Tezcuco. . , . „ „ , • m Arachis hvpogea of Eastern Equatorial America. The peanut called in 1 eru anchic (Monard.),
in Brazil “ manduhi ” (Marcgr.), in Mexico “ cacauate ” (Blanco), in the West Indies “ mam ” (J. Acost),
and cultivated from earlv tii'nes — (Humb. iv. 9) : the “ mani ” was seen in the West Indies or £ i£ -
bouring portion of Tropical America by Oviedo gen. hist. vii. 5, and J. Acosta; A. hypo^a, by Leriiis
2 15, and Marcgraf 37, in Brazil. By European colonists was carried Westward acro£ the I acific to
the’ Philippines, called in Tagalo “ mani” (Blanco), and seen in 1693 by Kamel (Spreng.) ; tot»®
neighbouring islands and Japan (Rumph. v. 426) ; to China and Anam (A. Dec.) ; to Burnmh called
there “ myfebai” (Mason) ; to Hindustan, having neither Sanscrit nor Bengalee names (Ro.xb., and
Pidd) but called in Tamil “ vayer” or “ nelay-cadalay,” in Telinga “ nela sanagalii,” in Hindustanee
“ mooncr-phullee,” sometimes by colonists Manilla-nut (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ velaiti-
moon»” or “ boi-moong ” (Graham), is now cultivated from Calcutta throughout the penmsula (Drim),
was observed by myself abundantly cultivated on the Deccan ; to Eastern Equatorial Africa (Lour. fl.
coch.), observed by myself on Zanzibar, and according to some Unamuezi from N’yasa lake cultivated m
their own country, observed by Grant “ cultivated to a small extent Irom 7° S. to 2° N.” on the Nile;
to E»ypt, called there “ foul sennar” Sennar bean (Clot-Bey). By European colonists also, w£ carried
before 1620 to Western Equatorial Africa (Purchas, Sloane i. 184, and Guillemin fl. seneg.); and
more recently to Northeast America, where in our Southern States it is now abundantly cultivated.
“ IZ46 A. D.” (Roux in rec. soc. geogr. i., ancl mem. Chin. v. p 2), an embassy to the Tartars
first sent by pope Innocentius IV. : Plan Carpin and Benedict of Poland crossing the Volga “ Apn
Sth” and continuing Northward of the Caspian reached the court near Karakarom. “ July 22d, mid
received an audience from the newly proclaimed khan Kayu or Cuiuc, a grandson of Jenghiz. The
journey proved the Caspian to be an inland sea, as already stated by Plerodotus:— a conclusion confirmed
a few years later by Rubruquis.
“ In this year (=639 A. H.” of Ferisht., Elph.), Ala-u-din Masaud succeeded by Nasir-u-dm
Mahmud, grandson of Altamsh and now eighth sultan of Delhi.*-He reigned “ twenty” years,
Himalaya and the mountains and plains of Bengal and Central India” (Drur.) ; by Giberne', as far
South as “ Salsette” (Graham), near Bombay. , , . ,,,
Rhazya stricta of Scinde. An excellent bitter tonic, from early times employed medicinally,
mixed with Withania berries : — observed in ScincPe by Stocks (Drur.). From tran.sported specimens,
described by Decandolle. , „ . , \ „a Hyoscyamus insanus of Beluchistan. Called tbere “ kohi bung ” mountain hemp (Drur.), afe its
powerfully poisonous properties known from early times : —common, “ smoked in small quantiUes,
and also employed for criminal purposes” (Waring pharm. ind., Stocks, and Drur.).^
Scopolia lurida of Nepaul. Known from early times, —its bruised leaves emitting a preu <
tobacco-like odour, a tincture prepared from them ” found to dilate the pupil (Braithwaite, and Drui.).
Withania coagulans of Beluchistan, Scinde, and the mountains of Affghanistan. A densely
tomentose shrub called in Scinde “ puneer” (Drur.) ; and from early times its fresh ripe frmt re« a
an emetic, dried and emploved for other medicinal purposes, and universally thiougliout Beluch ,
for coagulating milk : —observed by Stocks bomb. soc. 1849 (Wight pl. 1616, and Drur.).
Salvia plebeia of Subtropical Hindustan. A purple-flowered sage; its seeds from eaily tim .
used as mustard by the Hindus, employed also medicinally:—descnbed by R. Brown prodr. 50 ,
observed by Ro.xburgh from Bengal to Silhet and Oude, b% Dalzell 209 as far as Kandalla neai
Bombay (Drur.). , Salvia lanata of Northern Hindustan. From early times, its stems peelec and
leaves root and seeds employed medicinally:—described by Roxburgh, and observed by Stev,
icosandra of Hindustan and Burmah. A Cleomaceous phnt two or three
called in Tamil “ nayavaylie” or “ nahi kuddaghoo,” in Malabar “ kat-kucldaghoo,’ m Plincus,
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 7 3 7
patronised Persian Literature, and the “ Tabakati Nasiri,” a general history of Persia and India, was
written at his court.
Acalypha fruticosa of Tropical Arabia and Hindustan. A birch-leaved shrub called in Tamil
“ lioorhoorya” (Drur.) ; and from early times, eaten as salad, and its mustard-like leaves and seeds
used also medicinally : —described by Rumphius v. pl. 96; observed by Burmann pi. 99 on Ceylon ;
by Graham, “ common in waste places during the r,ains ” as far as Bombay; by Ainslie, and Wight,
as far as Bengal ; by Mason in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous. “ P. viscosa” seen by Rheede ix.
pl. 23 in Malabar, known to grow also on Ceylon (Pers.), is regarded by some writers as not distinct.
Polanisia chelidonii of Plindustan. A pretty annual with rose-coloured flowers (Graham) ; its
pungent seeds in like manner used for mustard from early times : — received by the younger Linnæus
from “ Transchaur” (Pers.) ; enumerated by Graham among the plants of the vicinity of Bombay;
ancl observed by Royle, and Wight, in other parts of Plindustan (Drur,).
Drosera peltataoi Hindustan and Burmah. A yellow-flowered sundew, known from early times :
— observed by Royle, and Wight, on the “ Neilgherries, Bababoodens,” avoided by cattle, the leaves
curdling milk, and “ mixed with salt ” said to blister the skin (Drur.) ; by Mason, as far as Burmah.
Polygala telephioides of Plindustan. From early times used medicinally in catarrhal affections :
— known to grow in Hindustan (Waring pharm. inch, and Drur.). From transported specimens,
described by Willdenow (Pers., and Steud.).
Mollugo spergula of Hindustan and Burmah. A species of carpel-weed called in Burmah
“ gyen-ga” (Mason), in Bengalee “ ghimi shak,” in Telinga “ chatarashi,” in Tamil “ toora” (Drur.);
and from early times, its bitter leaves employed medicinally : — observed by Rheede x. pl, 24 in Malabar
; by Graham, a “ common ” weed “ in gardens ” at Bombay ; by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, as
far as Bengal ; by Mason, in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous.
Melanlhesa rhamnoides of Tropical Hindustan. A Phyllantlioid shrub called in Tamil “ pavala-
poola” in Plindustanee “ surasaruni” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its leaves and bark employed
medicinally :—observed by Rheede v. pl, 44 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in “ the Concans” (Graham),
to and beyond Bombay ; by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as the Coromandel coast, its bright
red fruit making a lively appearance, and in Behar the dried leaves smoked when the tonsils are
swollen (Drur,).
Tragia cannabina of Tropical Hindustan. An annual Euphorbiaceous twiner, covered with
slinging haiitts, and called in Tamil “ sirroo-canchorie,” on the Deccan “ kanch koorie,” in Telinga
“ trinuadoolagondie ” (Drur.) ; its root from early times employed medicinally: —described by N. L.
Burmann pl. 63, and known to grow in Malabar (Pers.) ; observed by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Drury,
from Travancore to Coromandel and Bengal, its root in decoction prescribed “ as an alterative,” and
“ in infusion in ardent fevers.” Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. pl. 120.
Casearia anavinga of Tropical Hindustan. A Samydaceous shrub or tree called in Malabar
“ anavinga” (Drur.), very bitter in all its parts, and from early tinies employed medicinally: —
observecï by Rheede iv. pl. 49 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ a very common shrub ” in the environs of
Bombay (Graham) ; by Roxburgh, on the banks of the Ploogly and as far as Goalpara, a large tree,
its leaves “ used in medicated baths, and the pulp of the fruit” diuretic (Lindl, and Drur.).
Acacia (Albizzia) stipulata of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah, An unarmed tree forty to fifty
feet high called in Telinga “ konda-chiragu,” in Bengalee “ amlooki ” (Drur.) ; and from early time.s,
its close-grained strong limber valued for furniture and other purposes:— ob.served by Graham
“ common on the Ghauts, about Kandalla, etc.,” as far as Bombay; by Ro.xburgh, Wight, and Drury,
from Travancore to Courtallum and the mountains North of Bengal ; by Mason, in Burmah.
Coesa/piuia sepiaria of Southern Hindustan and Burmah. The Mysore thorn is a woody twiner
armed with strong recurved prickles and called in Burmah “ hsoo-kyan-bo ” (Mason), in Hindustanee
“ Hyder ka jhar ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ chillur ” (Graham) ; known from early
times : — indigenous according to Drury in Mysore ; planted by Hyder Al! around his strongholds as
an additional means of defence, and forming an almost impenetrable hedge is generally used “ in the
Baghayat lands of the Deccan,” and has become well known tliroughout the country (Gibs., and
Drur.) ; observed also by Roxburgh, and Wight. Farther East, by Mason in Burmah, enumerated
as indigenous.
Jussieua villosa of Hindustan and Bunnah. A perennial-rooted herb called in Malabar “ ca-
rambu,” in Bengalee “ lal-bunluiiga ” (Drur); and from early times employed medicinally :—
observed by Rheede ii. pl. 50 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ in moist places at Kandalla, and throughout
the Concans,” to and beyond Bombay ; by Ainslie, Ro.xburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal ; by
Mason, in Burmah.
Lagei-stroemia parviflora of Tropical Hindustan. A large Lythraceous tree called in Telinga
9 3
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