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Cycntum sp. n. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Creeping on bare open sandy heights, and called
“ m’sweera m’dogo ” (Grant) ; and from early times, its fibrous roots used to cure the bite of a particular
snake, — as by the Wanyamuezi of the present day : observed in “ 3° 15' N.”
Sopubia ramosa of Eastern Equatorial Africa. An erect woody plant in grassy plateau.x (Grant);
and from early times, salt water for cooking purposes obtained from its ashes, — as by the Wahiyow
of the present day: observed in “ 2° N,,” uncommon.
Stereospermum sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A Bignoniaceous tree called in the Kinyoro
language “ mololo ” (Grant), and as early perhaps as this date : — observed in “ 3° 15' N,,” frequent
by water, its wood useless.
Hygrophila spinosa of Eastern Equatorial Africa. An Acanthaceous plant from early times cultivated
for the salt procured from its ashes : —observed wild also by Grant from “ 4° 18' S. to 3° t5'
North.” Described by T. And. (See 'Vernonia stoechadifolia.)
Clerodendrum sp. n. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A shrub two feet high used for drinking-
tubes called “ meereej’a ” by the Wanyambo (Grant), and as early perhaps as this date : — observed
in " 1° 43' S., alt. 5000 feet.”
Vite.v sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Bush-sized and called “ m’thalassee ” (Grant), and as
early perhaps as this date : — observed in “ Madi, 3° 15' N.”
Coleus barbatus of Abyssinia and Yemen. From early times smoke of its burning leaves regarded
an immediate cure for fever ; — the plant observed by Grant “ in Euphorbia hedges, 4° 18' to
1° 42' South,” Eastward, was observed by Forskal p. log on the higher mountains of Yemen and
called “ medan.” Probably by Arab or Banian traders carried to Hindustan, observed by Gibson in
the rice-fields of Guzerat; by Graham in the environs of Bombay, sold in market, and “ commoniy
cultivated in native gardens for the roots which are pickled; ” by Ro.xburgh, and Wallich, in other
parts of Hindustan, as far even as Nepaul.
Hyptis spicigera of Tropical Africa. Called “ neeno ” (Grant) ; and from early times, cultivated
as a grain, and to e.xtract oil, — as by the natives of Gani at the present day : observed by Grant in
“ 3° North ; ” known to occur also in Ethiopia, Madagascar, and Senegambia (Benth., and A. Dec.);
on the Cape 'Verd Islands (Webb.). Farther West, in Brazil and other parts of Tropical America;
received also by Bentham from Manila (possibly by European colonists carried across the Pacific).
Described by Lamarck.
Boerhaavia sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A foot high (Grant) ; and from early times, its
roots eaten in famines, — as by the Wahiyow of the present day : observed “ in cleared ground, 2° N.”
fera/r//?« j/. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Called “ m’caetie” (Grant); and from early times,
its wands of great length made into strong trays and baskets, — as by the people of Unyoro at the
present day: observed by rivulets 1° 42' S., to 2° N.”
Croton sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A tree having immense leaves, called “ m’pcefoo ”
(Grant), and as early perhaps as this date : —observed “ in shady moist ground, 3° 15' N.”
Hymenocardia Heudelotii of Equatorial Africa. An Euphorbiaceous tree called “ m’palanyonga ”
(Grant), and as early perhaps as this date: — observed in “ 3° 15' North.” Described by Planch.
Euphorbia hypericifolia of Tropical Africa.'’ Its juice already perhaps rubbed upon snares to
attract Guinea fowl? — as observed by Grant in “ 2° N.” (on the Nile). Westward, was received by
Bentham p. 500 from Nigritia (A. Dec.). Probably through European traders carried to the West
Indies, observed by Sloane i. pl. 126 in cultivated ground on Jamaica ; and thence perhaps has
e.xtended into Northeast America where it is now seemingly wild, observed by Baldwin in 31° in
Florida, by Pursh in cultivated ground as far as Canada, by Elliot in Upper Carolina and Georgia, by
Short in Kentucky, by Nuttall on the Arkansas, by E. James on the Missouri, and by myself along
the Atlantic as far as 42° 30'.
Celtis integrifolia of Tropical Africa. A large tree called “ m’laeweh ” (Grant) ; and from early
times, its seeds made into necklaces, — as by the natives of Fipa at the present day : observed in “ 3°
3c/ North.” Westward, described by Lamarck as received from —
Angrcecum ? sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Epiphytic on a Kigelia (Grant); and from early
times considered a remedy for ophthalmia : — observed in “ 3° 15' N.”
Ansellia sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. In thick clusters upon lofty-stemmed trees, and called
by Uhiyow men “ mitoolo ” (Grant) ; its jointed roots from early times used medicinally : —observed
at “ M’bwiga, 7° 30' S.”
Amomum sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Four feet high with scarlet underground fruit; the
pulp around the seeds sucked from early times : — observed by Grant in Uganda, “ 2^° N.,” frequent.
Dracaena sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Ten feet high and called “ mpopo m’weeto” wild
beetul (Grant) ; and rom early times, used as fences : — observed in “ 2° N.”
Sm ilax Kraussmna oi Eastern Equatorial Africa. Called “ m’kolol’a” (Grant) ; and from early
times, its roots used medicinally, — as by the Wanyamuezi of the present day: observed, Sept. (i^
to) “ 3° 15' North.” Described by Meisner.
Dioscorea sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A yam called “ veeazee-koo ” (Grant), and as early
perhaps as this date : — “ grown here and there on mounds,” from “ 5° S. to 2° N.”
Auchomanes Hookeri? of Eastern Equatorial Africa. An Araceous plant three feet high with
curving-clown thorns, and called “ yal’wah ” (Grant); its large bulb from e^ly times boiled and eaten,
-„as b°y the Wanyamuezi of the present day : observed in “ 3° 15' North.” ^
Gymnandropogon sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Its millet from early times eaten in famines,
— as according to Grant at the present day : observed in “ 5° s' S., alt. 3600 ft.”
Anthistiria iiiiberbis of Tropical Africa. Two to two and a half feet high, and known from early
tinnes • the grass that clothes and waves like corn on the treeless hills of Karagûé, “ alt. 5000
to ssoo feet:” cattle according to Grant “ are never grazed upon it.” Described by Retz obs. iii.
p. II, and Thunberg (Pers., and Steud.). , . . A nthistiria ciliata of Tropical Africa. Two and a half feet high; and from early times, its
»rain eaten in famines;—growing according to Grant “ under trees in rich low ground w'lth great
fuxuriance, 5° 5' S., alt. 3600 feet.” Eastward, possibly by Arab or Banian traders carried to Hindustan
where’ it was observed by Graham growing “ most abundantly throughout the Concans, and is
conlraonly converted into hay for feeding horses ; ” by Retz, and Roxburgh i. 247, in other parts of
Hindustan. Clearly through European traders, was carried to the West Indies (Pers.).
Setaria aurea of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Liable to small round fungi, their dust from early
times eaten by the natives ; — observed by Grant in “ 2° North.” Described by Hochst.^
Chloris Meccana of Abyssinia. Three to four feet high, and known from eariy times : — observed
by Grant in “ plantain-groves ” under the Equator. Described by Höchst.
Kyllingia macrocephala? of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Eighteen inches high and called
“ keelolo ” (Grant) ; and from early times, its pounded roots rubbed on the skin as a perfume, as
by the Wanvarauezi women of the present day : observed “ by rocky burn, 3° 15' N.”
Fuirena umbella,a ? of Tropical Africa. Three feet long, called “ keekal’a ” (Grant) ; and from
early times, salt extracted by the natives from its ashes : —observed by Grant “ on sandy edges of
burn Madi ; ” known to grow in other parts of Tropical Africa as well as on Madagascar (Ad. Juss ),
and in Tropical A.sia (R. Brown). Westward, occurring also in Tropical America (Vahl eel. amer. 2,
Pers., R. Brown, Kunth, and A. Dec.), possibly brought by imported negroes. Described by Lin-
næus the younger.
“ 1241, April I2th ” (Yule cath. i. p. cxx), a Tartar army having entered Poland and destroyed
Cracow foènd Breslaw abandoned and in ashes, and near Lignitz defeated with great slaughter the
forces of Poland, Silesia, and Moravia. Batu with the main army ravaging Hungary, capturing and
destroying Pesth : but the Tartars were suddenly recalled by the death of Okkodai, who was succeeded
by Kuyuk.
“ Oct. 6th” (Greenhill in Sm. b. d.), eclipse of the sun. Witnessed at Nicaea, at the court ot
the excluded Byzantine emperor Joannes IIL , by Nicolaus Myrepsus.
Aqrostemma githago of middle Asia. Called in Britain cockle or corn cockle, in Anglo-Saxon
“ coccel” (Prior),‘ in Germany “ kornrade,” in Italy “ gettone” or “ gettajone’’ (Lenz), in Lithuania
“ kukalei.” in Poland “ kakol,” in Russia “ kukæl ” (A. Dec.), in Greece “ göggöli ” or “ kokkoli ”
by Gerarde, and Ray, as known from time immemorial in Britain ;
sanitatis pl. 310, and “ lychnis segetum major” by Tournefort inst.
Turcz.). Westward, is mentioned !
is termed “ nfgella ” in the Ortus ; . - .
335; was obse'rved by Desfontaines i. p. 363. and Munby, in Barbary; and is known to growin
Sicily, Sardinia, Southern Spain, Portugal, Italy, and throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark
and Courland (flor. Dan. pl. 576, Moris, and A. Dec.). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast
America, where it has become a weed in grain-fields.
Neslia paniculata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece “ koukoulia”
(Fraas), and possibly the “ kokalitha tou sitoif” in question ; — N. paniculata was observed by Sibthorp,
Ind Fraas, in cultivated and fallow ground from Attica to Constantinople. Westward, is
termed “ rapistrum arvense folio auriculato acuto” by Tournefort inst. 211, “ myagrum paniculatum”
by Linnæus ; and is known to occur in fallow ground in Piedmont and throughout middle Europe as
far as Denmark (All., fl. Dan. pl. 204, and Pers.).
Artemisia camphorata of middle Europe. The Kacfxovpas ^oravps of Nicolaus Myrepsus, — is
referred here by Sprengel, and Hase ; A. camphorata has not been observed by modern travellers in
Greece ; but is described by Lobel pl. 769, and is known to grow on rocks in middle Europe (Wulfi in
Jacq. cèll. iv. p. 295, Vill. delph. iii. p. 242, Dec. fl. fr., and Pers.).
Leonnrus cardiaca of Eastern Asia. Called in Japan “ sitsisu soo” or usually “ susu kaki ”
(Thunb.), in Britain motherwort (Prior) : the Kapbiofioravov of Nicolaus Myrepsus iii. 60 —is referred