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places and cultivated ground from Denmark to the Mediterranean and Barbary (fl. Dan. pl. 705
and Wats.) ; was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus ; and is known to grow around Cau^
casus and throughout Siberia as far as Daouria and Kamtschatka (Ledeb.). By European colonists
was carried to Madeira (A. Dec.) ; to Iceland (W ats.) ; to Northeast America, observed by Sheppard
around Quebec (H ook.), by myself in moist grass-grown clearings and along river-banks in our
Northern and Middle States, completely naturalized, and has been received by Torrey and Gray 11. i. 21 from Georgia and Oregon.
Stellaria media of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain chickweed, in Ano-lo-Sa.\-on
“ cicena-mete” (Prior emend), by Hildegarde ii. 174 “ hunesdarm” (Spreng.), in Egypt “ qezazeh ”
vitreous (D el.), in Japan “ fan ru ” or usually “ fakobi” or “ fagu iera” (T hunb.); and remnants
" in debris ot the early lake-villages of Switzerland : — S. media is termed “ morsus gallinæ ” inthe
Ortus sanitatis 301, “ alsine m edia” by Tournefort inst. 242, and Linnæus, “ alsine avicularum” by
Lamarck; is described also by Fuchsius; is known to occur in cultivated ground from Lapland lo
Algeria (Wats., and Munby) and the Canaries (D e Buch) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard,
from the Peloponnesus lo Asia Minor ; by Delile, in Lower Egypt ; is known to occur from
Caucasus throughout Siberia (Ledeb.) ; and was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in cultivated
ground everywhere in Japan. By European colonists, was carried to Northwest America observed
by Mertens around trading-posts on Norfolk Sound, by Beechey 135 in California, known to occur
also between York Factory and Cumberland House (H ook.) and as a common weed throughout the
cultivated portions of the United States ; was also carried to Greenland (Wats.) and Iceland (Hook ) •
to the Azores (W ats.) ; to Southern Brazil (Saint-H il.); to the Falkland Islands (J. D. Hook.) ; to
Chili (C. G ay); to New Zealand (Raoul); to the Auckland or perhaps Campbell Island (A. Dec.
490) ; to Austral Africa (Drège, and E. Mey.) ; and possibly by European colonists to Ceylon
foabrstehrevre Nd obryth G. ardner naturalized in elevated situations, and by Wight on the Neilglierrie mountain?
Chenopodium album of Northern Climates. Esculent, and called in Britain with other species
goose-foot (Prior), in Egypt “ fisah klab” (D el.), in Yemen “ rockeb el djammel” (Forsk.), in Japan
“ rei ” or usually “ akasa ” or “ akadsa ” (Thunb.) ; and remnants in the early lake-villages of Switzerland:—
C. album is termed “ atriplex sylv.” by Fuchsius 119 (Spreng.), “ ch. folio sinuato candicante ”
by Tournefort inst. 506; is known to occur in waste and fallow ground from the Feroe Islands and
Lapland to the Mediterranean (Martins, Fries, and Pers.) ; was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and
Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople; by Hasselquist, in Palestine; by Forskal,’and
Delile, in Egypt by Forskal p. 2, frequent in Yemen ; by Graham, and Roxburgh, under cultivation
as a potherb in Hindustan, but having no Sanscrit name ; is known to grow in Siberia (W ats.) ;
and was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in Japan. Farther East, vvas observed by Mertens
around trading-posts on the American coast at Norton Sound; by myself, around Chinook villages
on Puget Sound, also around the European trading-posts, and clearly indigenous throughout "the
Interior plains, probably indigenous also in the sands along the A tlantic; indigenous according to
Lindheimer in Texas (y\. Dec. %52) ; but a frequent weed in the cultivated portions of the United
States, as far as Florida (Chapm.), and received by Moquin from Cuba. By European colonists, was
carried to Chili (C. Gay) ; to the Hawaiian Islands (Moq.) ; and to Austral Africa (D rège).
Chenopodiinn polyspermujn of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Remnants of this
allied weed also in the early lake-villages of Switzerland : — the “ third blitum ” of Tragus is referred
here by Sprengel præf. h. h. ; C. polyspermum is described also by Gerarde 325 ; is termed “ blitum
majus polyspermum a seminis copia” by Morison ii. pl. 30, “ ch. betæ folio” by Tournefort inst.
506; is known to occur in cultivated ground from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pl.
> >53. Engl. bot. pl. 1480, and Pers.) ; and was observed by Sibthorp among rubbish at Constantinople.
By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, found by C. J. Sprague “ a scarce garden-
weed about Boston,” and by Porter in “ woods near Mercersburg and Reading, Penn., naturalized” (A . Gray).
Of quadrupeds, enumerated by Riitimeyer, the brown bear Ursus arctos, badger Meles vu lgaris;
pine marten Mustela foina, at all stations of the Stone age ; marten M. martes, polecat M. putoriics,
and ermine M. erminea; otter Lufra vulgaris, fox Canis vttlpes; wolf C. lupus, teeth as trophies of
the chase ; C. faunliaris, from the beginning, var. jnajor occurring only in the Western lakes ; European
wildcat Felis catus; IvtdgCiog Erinaceus Europæus; beaver Castor fiber, at all stations of the
Stone age ; squirrel Sciurus Europæus, Mus sylvaticus, hare Lepus tim idus; wild boar Sus scropha,
and var. palustris, both in the wild state in the Stone age, and subsequently occurring domesticated ;
Equus caballus; E. asinus, at Wauwyl ; Cervus alces, C. elaphus, and C. capreolus; Capra ibex,
and C. hircus; Ovis aries, in the domestic state and from the beginning ; Antilope rupicapra; Bo's
primigetiius, B. bison; B. taurus, in the domestic state, with the varieties primigenius, bracliyceros, trochoceros, and frontosus :
Santolina chamcecyparissus of the W est Mediterranean countries.. . . ■ «1 1/ v\Ik 01 of TL i^tau uuicuiua • c^dun Cs* Tv71i VI. x 1^2 0 3 . :• ---« a b Called — r o to n in France -------U e s^
» wine is mentioned
by Columella ; the “ avrotonon thelu ” is descnbed by Dioscc
Siou’an-ti” (Orinese chron. table), beginning
" ' / ^ X i T S i n t t c a e s a r in Illyria, acquiring knowledge of the bordering nations, recalled by
war brew ing out y X X - f B C - “ 1 4 0 - 130 yrs.” of Masudi, Wilf. as. res. ix. 181, and Colebr.
The same year ( j - • Hindus- the Saca or Scythians having entered Hindustan
m use “ through all the countries north of the to three Budhas supposed to have lived
b e f o r U G / a / U X e / S U U / X / in the Avadana asoka, and Saddharma pundarika
+ ( J c C f — to e d lB o j.,. r ,.t o i.
p. 3«>, > »5 * "tt’
Auletes restored by a Roman army, entering Egypt under the proconsul A. Gabinius.
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