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“ 489 A. D.” (Marcellin., and Clint.), entrance of Theodoric with an army into Italy: Odoacer
retiring into the city of Ravenna.
490 A. D. ( = “ 4t5 an. jav.” of Nata Kasuma, Raffles x ), at Astina in Java, Suantana of Hindu
descent succeeded by Abiasa, sixth lineal descendant from Tritresta or Aji Saka, and now chief of
the Hindu colony. Abiasa and Ids father Pula Sara are mentioned in the Madura traditions.
“ In or about this y e a r ” (Percev. i. 121), Dhou-Chenatir succeeded by Dhou-Nowas, now tobba
of Yemen. He declared in favour of Judaism,— which under his reign made great progress in
Yemen. He is called Diinion or Dimnus or Dunaan by S}’nan and Greek historians.
“ 491, April 9th ” (Clint.), Zeno succeeded by Anastasias, seventh Byzantine emperor.
“ 492 A. D.” (Vict. Tun., and Clint.), Felix succeeded by Gelasius, “ forty-seventh” bishop of
Rome.
“ 493 A. D.” (Clint ), Gennadius of Massilia writing, mentions Salvianus, Eugenius bishop of
Carthage, Julianus Pomerius, and Joannes Antiochenus, as all living.
“ The same y e a r ” (Cassiodor., and Clint.), capture of Ravenna, and Odoacer s la in; Theodoric
now becoming second Gothic king of Italy.
Petrus archiater, physician to Theodoric,— is mentioned by Aetius (Sm. b. d.).
A I p h i ia g a la n g a of Tropical Eastern Asia. The imported root is called in Br\\Am g a l a n g a l
(Johns.), in Germany “ g algant ” (Grieb), in Old Spanish “ garingal,” in current Spanish and Italian
“ galang a ” (Prior), in Egypt “ chaulendjan aqarbi,” in which we recognize the “ galangae” of Aetius
— (Royle antiq. hind. med. p. 77), Nicolaus Myrepsus, Macer Floridus 70; and the “ chawlandschan ”
of Ebn Masawia, Ebn Amran, I. B. Amran, Rhazes, Avicenna, Serapion, and Ebn Bai tar : “ galanga”
from “ India ” was observecl by Alpinus, and Forskal mat. med.. in the drug-shops of E g y p t Farther
East, was met with by Marco Polo 12,6; is called in Sanscrit “ koolunjuna ” or “ koolunyoga ” or
“ dhumoola” or “ soogundha” (Lindt) , in Bengalee “ chandramul ” or “ bhumichanpa,” in Hindustanee
“ kulenjin ” or “ khulinjan ” (D ’roz.) ; the living plant is described by Rumphius v. pl. 63 ; was
observed by Nimmo in the Southern Concan (Graham) ; is known to grow wild on Sumatra and is
cultivated on other islands of the Malayan archipelago (Lindl.); was observed by Loureiro wild as
well as cultivated in Cochinchina, the fresh roots used to season fish and for other economical purposes.
The “ galanga major ” of commerce is enumerated by Lindley as “ a pungent acrid aromatic,
forming a kind of substitute for ginger.”
“ 494 A. D. ~ ‘ kien-wou,’ ist year of Ming-ti V. , of the Thsi ” or Eleventh dynasty — (Chinese
chron. table).
“ 496 A. D . ” (Vict. Tun., and Clint.), by a synod assembled by the emperor Anastasius, Euphe-
mius, defender of the Council of Chalcedon and bishóp of Constantinople, deposed. In the West,
Gelasius succeeded by Anastasius, forty-eighth bishop of Rome : who (according to Alsted) “ was a
patron of Eutychians and Nestorians.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Avit. Vienn., Greg. Tur., and Clint.), vow of Clovis, engaged in battle against
the Alamanni: gaining the victory, he was baptised shortly afterwards on Christmas day. Christianity
now adopted by the French.
“ 497 A. D . ” (Alst. p. 369), letter of the bishops of Germany and Gaul, affirming, That the
authority of the Councils vvas superior to the single authority of the bishop of Rome, Anastasius.
“ 498 A. D.” (Clint.), Anastasius succeeded by Symmachus, “ forty-ninth” bishop of Rome.
Manuscripts of the “ end of the Fifth century” (De Wailly pl. ii. 3), presenting the following form
of the letter d.
“ 499 A. D. = 'young-youan,’ ist year of Tchou-pao-kiouan” or Thoung-houen-heou, of the
Thsi or Eleventli dynasty— (Chinese chron. table).
“ In this year = ist year of the ‘ young-yuan’ of Fi-ti of the Thsi dynasty” (Li-yan-tcheou hist-,
and Klapr.), Hoei-chin, a Buddhist priest, arriving in China from Fou-sang ; ^ a country far Eastward
^ M o r u s I n d i c a of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. The A i n o n iu lb e r r y is called in the
environs of Bombay “ too t ” (Graham), in Hindustanee and Bengalee “ tu t ” (D ’roz.), in Burmah
“ po-sa” (Mason), by the Japanese “ kwa,” and by the Ainos “ tesimani” (Sieb.) ; and the “ fou-
s an g ” tree, whose sprouts and red pear-shaped fruit according to Hoei-chin are eaten, and its bark
made into paper and cloth, — may be compared: M. Indica is enumerated by Siebold among the
edible and useful plants of Yeso ; and was observed by Thunberg in Japan. Southward and Westward,
by Loureiro in Anam, preferred to all other species for feeding silkworms ; by Mason v. 455,
“ exot ic ” in Burmah, cultivated “ extensively where the silk worm is raised,” and in Tenasserim producing
its “ very agreeable black berry in great quantities.” Farther West, the “ kramuka” of Susrutas
chik. 28, is referred here by He s s le r ; M. Indica according to Roxburgh is the species cultivated in
Bengal for feeding silkworms; was observed by Rheede i. pl. 49 (Pers.) in Malabar; by Graham,
where there are no wars and the people go unarmed, are however acquainted with writing, employ longhorned
cattle for carrying burdens, have besides horses and domesticated deer (Cervus ?an»iferinusV
aqd (according to a more extended extract in Iond. sat, rev. 18 7 5 ) were acquainted with Ion, coppel,
silver, and gold (Fou-sang, as appears from Klaproth, is one of the names of Japan)
Hoei-chin had heard of country to the Eastward of Fou-sang, where the women were said to be
entirely covered over with long hair— (a possible reference to the Kurile Islands )
s i x t i r d i i r S j Z a l Z " 0 ft*
“ The same year =.421 ann. Saca,” the Vernal equinox at the beginning of A sw in i - a c c o rd in g to
the rule for given by the Hindu astronomer Varaha-Mihira (Bentley as. res. viii. iqc to
Varaha-Mihira was born at Ujen in 530, and died 587 (Hunter oriss. i. 225).
‘ The same y e a r ” (Clint, iv. p. 718), first appearance of the Bulgarians.— Af ter “ three” years
they entered and ravaged Thrace. ’
monk7 *'° ft'""'' ” assembled in Persia: in favour of the marriage of priests and
The emperor Anastasius continuing the policy of his predecessor in refusing to enforce the decrees
! ,Yh! is r ' U f fft®*®/®; «to Western empire having ceased to exist, anathematized by Sym-
Z h / t y ) ! ° '" f t ' " " ecclesiastical influence exerted against royal
Christianity (according to Lepsius eg. and sin. p. 158 to 230), penetrated “ from Abyss inia” to the
Nubians “ as early as the Sixth century.” Remains of a Coptic Christian monastery !c cu r h o w e Z
fo Gebel Barkal; with inscriptions on the tomb-stones “ partly Greek, partly Coptic ; ” also at or near
1 ' ‘ ft®.*«®®" Hreek or Coptic, but not the language, except the proper names
r 6 UJ p r I 0 and on another piece IA K UJ B, - At a later date, a r tra mscription occurs in one of the
Z f T Y T ! h q ft®*ft ™"® ‘” °™® ™® P®®ft"P" «to remains of Christian
churches descnbed by Sehm of Assuan in the Tenth century ” (Macrizi); and “ throughout the whole
province of Dongola, remains of Christian churches are “ numerous.”
ft,™U™‘' " "d forty-fourth generation. Jan. ist, 501, onward mostly beyond youth : the Arab I " "«7 ">to y r (see Fresnel, and Lane diet.) : the Greek poet Christodorus ; the phi-
F la / T f f t " " ’ ° ‘ ft®®F®®®.ft t e ‘®®"’ ; ‘ 'to Greek ecclesiastical writers, Basilius of Cilicia,
S n s tan t n Z l T l ® V f t " “ ™'®’ ft"®'™ E"Plfo"fous, Epiphanius of
( v ! / g Belg )! "cHesiastical writers, Avitus Viennensis, Ennodius ; the traveller Aculfe
Chrn! T / T ‘ ‘®ft°5 f ft'®g-’ ‘ St y " " r ™ Ho-ti, of the Thsi ” or Eleventh dynasty (Chinese
Chron. table). The last year of the Thsi dynasty.
r „n Clint), by Aredius, counsellor to king Gundobao-aud or
Gundebald, publication -of the “ Laws of the Buro-undians ” ^ua^aua or
t t “ i ' “ t t c „ . -
+ " -tt«». h . . . , o ,
A b ia / Y «®"®" ” K"suma, Raffles x.) , at Astina, abdication of
F o b / o n Y v T P 1 '% ' / ft"®‘’®.H<‘ "'" Nata, now “ at the age of fourteen” chief of the Hindu
colony on Java. Pandu Dewa Nata is mentioned in the Madura traditions.
around Bombay, its “ dark r e d ” fruit sold in the bazars for making tarts etc. (See Broussonetia
papyrifera, and Hibiscus rosa-Sinensis).
t h a l l T Z T T , ftft® tree whose leaves are compared by Hoei-chin to
(Remus nFl ..°®‘ " " "» ’ IS referred here by Klaproth: B. tomentosa is mentioned by Ma-touan-lin
irav is one o f ' t h Z ' 0 ™ 0 '®®''® Y / / t o ‘"Pfer amoen. pl. 860 in Japan, and according to Thunberg
one 01 the plants yielding oil for burning and eatino-.
( l o n t f Y r Z Y ' ’ °®"“ ” ‘®®® ' “V s t i o n - a c c o r d i n g to other authorities
W e s Y Y ; ?« kaempfer pl. 23, and Thunberg pl. 27, in Japan.
a Z i / ’ r , ‘ .® te® ®""®®’ “ ‘ f t ° " " g ” by a Chinese official in 1 2 + imported from
“ aleurites c o r t t Z / y *®"®®®' °'®=*®"” ?«
compelled persons to dig with their fingers the root
roo/ e t e u W ’ T®®*®®®« ft®®,® by / " P™ « ’ > Japónica was observed in Japan by fhunberg, the
“ chu-yu.” soraetimes three feet long; and according to Klaproth, called by the Chinese
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