mn
ì ì u t . i
tr.v.
á irte ‘
». »
V
7 t I
i 0 1 0 ^
. «iitl MiEitu ■ ■' ,ai tI '•o»?.>t■ ■ ■.; ... i'iti '• Iìs
862 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
According to Oviedo gen. hist. vi. 4, the boats of the natives are termed by them “ canoas ; or
by the Caribs, “ piraguas,” the latter at least being navigated with saiis. A stone hatchet is figur£ ;
together with the process of rubbing fire with bits of wood (as among the Polynesians), vi. 4 and 5.
A drum made of the trunk of a tree (as among the Polynesians and Feejeeans), is also figured, v. i.
Reports, that the natives (perhaps of the Isthmus) were acquainted with the art of gilding pieces of
copper, had also reached Oviedo nat. hyst. 82. . ,
“ 1514 A. D.” (Alst.), Bajazet II. succeeded by his son Selim, eleventh Turkish sultan.
“ The same year” (Alst.), end of the chronide of Johannes Linlurius.
“ In this year” (A. Corsalis, Remus, i. 180, and Yule cath. i. p. cxli), a port in China first
visited by the Portuguese. The adventurers were not allowed to land, but sold their goods to great
^ “ In this year” (Univ. Pittor., and Stanley edit. Barbos. p. ii and 46, San Roman giving “ beginning
of 1515”), the sultan of Ormuz having sent an ambassador to the king of Portugal, the city
revisited by Albuquerque and his fleet, bringing the king’s answer.
The above is the latest event mentioned by Duarte Barbosa,-who after spending “ sixteen years
on the Indian Ocean— “ finished writing” his book “ in 1516” (Stanley edit. Barbos. p. vii and i).
Poaosiemon patchouli of Tropical Hindustan. The patchouli is an aromatic Labiate herb two to
three feYthigh, called in Bengalee “ patchouli” or “ pucha-pat,” in Tamil “ kottum,”,in Malabar “ cot-
tam” (Drurl), in the environs of Bombay “ pach” (Graham); and from early times held sacred, its
dried spikes and leaves sold in the bazaars as a most powerful perfume, and placed among clothing to
keep out moths: the “ pucho” drug, imported according to Barbosa into Malacca, — may be compared
• P. patchouli was observed by Rheede x. pl. 77 >n Malabar; by Graham at Bombay, “ in gardens.
also wild in the Concans ; ” by Wallich, in Silhet, and the Cashmere shawls scented with its
essential oil. Farther East, patchouli is brought in great quantities by Arab merchants from Penreg;
is used by the Chinese in scenting their so-called “ India ink,” is known to have been exported from
China But in Europe, has only within “ a few years ” become familiarly known (Drur.).
Dioscorea purpurea of Equatorial Africa ? The Pondicherry^ sweePpotato; the “ yname ” on which
the Pareni of Malabar support themselves, resembling according to Barbosa the root of the maize
found in the island of Antilla, — may be compared: D. purpurea is described by rtxburgh ; and
accordin» to Drurv is “ an excellent kind of yam, but only found in a cultivated state.
Dioscorea ghbosa of Tropical Eastern Asia. The round white yam, called in Burmah “ myouk-
phoo” (Mason), is possibly the “ yname” in question : — D. globosa is described by Roxburgh 111.
797 as observed in Hindustan ; “ is much cultivated ” according to Drury, as “ the best kmd of yam,
much esteemed both by ” the natives and Europeans; was observed by Graham as far as Bombay.
Eastward by Mason v 64, “ exotic” in Burmah and the most esteemed of the white-rooted kinds.
“ 1515 A. D.” (G. de la Vega ix. 14, and Churchill coll.), Basco Nunez de Balboa, havmg transported
across the Isthmus hewn timber and all the materials for ship-building, now sailing on the
Pacific along the coast Southward. He gave to the new country the name of “ Peru.” News of the
strange ship and people reached the Inca Huayna Capac. - n m rr- 1 i
The common rat, M us decumanus, unknown in Peru before the voyage of Balboa (G. de la
Vega ix. 22).
“ The same year” (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Paulus Langius.
“ 1516 A. D.” (art de verif.), Kansu El-Gouri succeeded by Toman-Bay IL , of the Borgite Memluk
dynasty ;—the last Egyptian sultan.
“ In this year” (biogr. univ.), Gariopontus publishing his medical writings.
“ In this or the following year” (Asher edit. Huds. p. Ixxii), under the patronage of Henry VHL
of Eno'land, Sebastian Cabot continuing along the American coast as far as “ 68° N.” (Herrar.) in a
seemi?» Northwestern Passage — (afterwards called Davis’s Strait). The “ west coast” of this
“ strai/up to 67° 30'” is delineated “ on Cabot’s great planisphere of IS44,” no« « Pans.
“ In this year” (.Major edit. Zen. p, ixvii to Ixxix), Eric Walckendorf, archbishop of Trondheim,
collecting documents and oral traditions respecting the lost Greenland colony, and submitted to the
kin» a proposal for the re-discovery, —but was banished before a plan could be arranged, and died
“ in'’ lS23” at Amsterdam. Expeditions were “ in 1578” and during the two succeeding centuries, all
mistakingly searching the Eastern coast, until the voyage of Graah “ in 1828” fully demonstrated that
the site of the colony was on the Southwestern coast (see Ivar Bardsen).
“ 1517, Jan. Sth ” (art de verif.), Francisco Hernandez de Cordova sailing from Santiago de Cuba
westward with three ships navigated by Anton, de Alaminos, at the end of “ twenty-one” days discovered
Yucatan. ,
“ The same year” (Marcel p. 189), after defeating in Syria the Egyptian army, partly through the
employment of artillery, entrance of the Turks under Selim into Egypt. Obtaining possession ot
the country, the'sovereignty and spiritual autliority were removed to Constantinople; the Memluks
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 863
were formed into an aristocracy; and the names of the Turkish sultans were from this time inserted
on the coins issued in Egypt (Wilk. theb. and eg. p. 5 5 7 ) .
“ The same year ” (Churchill coll.), Fernán Perez de Andrade, continuing the discoveries of the
Portuguese, sailed through the Straits of Malacca as faras Cambodia and Chiampa; and returned
“ to Malacca to refit.” — When the weather again became “ seasonable,” he resumed his voyage, and
reached Ouantung (Canton) in China. According to the Chinese account (topog. Cant, and Pauth.
p. 473), in the “ 12Ü1 year tching-te,” strangers from West called “ Fa-lan-ki ” (Franks), saying that
they brought tribute, entered the river abruptly and with their terribly resounding cannon shook the
place from afar. When the news reached government, an order was dispatched, To repel the strangers
and suspend commerce. From this time, tribute or duties were seldom brought to Canton, but
went into Fou-kien : until at length, the governor of Canton wrote and obtained leave to re-open commerce.
At a later period (Churchill coll.), permission was granted to the Portuguese, to settle on “ a
little island opposite to the port of Canton,” and on which they built the city of Macao.
“ In this year” (Anderson, ancl Holmes), fifty French, Spanish, and Portuguese ships employed
in the cod fishery on the banks off Newfoundland.
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 514, and Blair), “ Indulgences” remitting sin, distributed by the
pope in Germany, denounced by Luther an Augustinian monk.
The Reformation thus inaugurated — received the name of Protestant twelve years afterwards at
the Diet at Spires.
“ 1518 A. D.” (N. Shaw edit. Champí, p. ii), Baron de Lery sailing with the intention of forming
a settlement in North America; but after leaving his cattle and pigs on Sable Island and at Canso,
was obliged to return to France. — The cattle multiplying on Sable Island were “ of the greatest service
to certain of” De la Roche’s people, who were left there seventy-three years later.
“ In this year” (Ovied. gen. hist. xvii. 10, and Churchill coll.), from Cuba sailing Westward
along Yucatan, Juan de Grijalva found his course arrested by continuous land (Mexico).
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 310), the last remnant of the Moors or Muslims expelled by Charles
Ai. king of Spain. The Inquisition, employed in discovering them, —■ was introduced by him some
years later into Belgium.
Scorzonera Plispanica of the West Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain viper-grass from
the Latin “ viperaria” (Prior) ; and not earlier than this year, its juice employed by “ a Moore, a
bondslave,” in bites of the viper, or “ escuerso ” as called in Catalonia — (Monard., Parkins, th. 410,
and Beckm.) : Monardes in his printed work speaks of the “ yerva escuergonera ” as known in these
parts for thirty years: S. Hispánica is termed “ scorzonera” by Matthioli (Targ.), “ s. edulis ” by
Moench, “ s. sativa” by Gatereau: is cooked and eaten, is known to grow wild in Spain and Southern
France (Lam. fl. fr.), and according to Persoon occurs also in Hungary and Siberia.
“ Sept. 25th” (Alst.), through the influence of Frederic elector of Saxony, Luther relieved from
a summons to Rome, and allowed to plead his cause before the pope's legate at Augsburg. “ Nov.
19th,” a written demand received from the pope’s legate and shown to Luther ; who in consequence
appealed from the pope to the general Council. “ Dec. 8th,” the reply of Frederic, refusing to expel
Luther or compel him to go to Rome, “ as his error had not yet been demonstrated.”
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), Marcellus Yergilius of Florence publishing his commentaries on Diosc.
— He died in “ 1521.”
Narcissus calathinus of the Mediterranean countries. Described by Marcellus Vergilius, —and
known to grow wild on the Appenines (Spreng.) : met with farther East by Rudbeck elys. ii. 60.
f. s (Pers.)'.
“ In this year ” (Stanley append. De Morga 404), a machine for distilling sea water, and thus procuring
fresh water at a distance from land, used by Domingo Rivera. —The plan was tried by Quiros,
and so far as regards the quality of the product, with entire success.
“ In this year, or perhaps some years later” (D’Avezac edit. J. Cart.), French colonists with a
supply of domestic animals sent by Lery and Saint-Just to Sable Island. The want of water proved
an obstacle to settlement: but cattle and swine were left behind, —and multiplying, became a resource
subsequently to a sliipwrecked party who were compelled to remain “ five years” on the island.
“ 1519, Jan. ist” (Alst. p. 408 and 515), at Tigurum, Zwinglius preaching; regarded as the first
“ Orthodox ” theologian.
“ April 25th ” (biogr. univ,), the Tunisians defeated in naval combat by the Genoese under
Andreas Doria.
Senecio Saracenicus of Western Europe ? Called in Britain Saracens consoud, in medieval Latin
“ consolida Saracenica” (Prior), in Germany “ heidnisch wundkraut” (Trag ), and the “ doria” herb,
! l '
110 0 ;,
il? il
I1
‘^1
m :