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836 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
“ trachelium minus” by Clusius hist. ii. 171, “ c. pratensis flore conglomerato” by C. Bauhin pin. 94,
and Tournefort inst. no, and known to grow throughout middle Europe (Engl. bot. pl. 90, and Pers.):
observed by Linnæus as far as Scania in Sweden; by Allioni pl. 39, on mount Baldo in Piedmont; by
known to grow in Ireland, Russia, and Switzerland (Engl. bot. pl. 273, and Wats.). Westward, was
observed by Hooker on Iceland; by myself, in a weedy lake abounding in fish not far from
Monadnock mountain in Jaffrey, growing in deep water, the leaves half an inch or more in width ;
by Nuttall, in Massachusetts ; by A. Gray,.in Central New York; and is known to grow as far as
Alaska (Wats.).
Juncus bulbosus of Northern Europe and Asia. A rush called in Sweden “ stubb-togh” (Linn.),
and known from early times : —termed “ gramen junceum junci sparsa panicula” by Morison iii. 8. pl. 9,
“ j. compressus” by Jacquin, and known to grow from Sweden to Switzerland (fl. Dan. pl. 431, Hall,
helv. 254, and Pers.), and as far as the Taurian mountains (Bieb.) : observed by Linnæus in Sweden,
f o r m i n g patches in moist pasture-land and even near dwellings ;* by Decandolle, in France. Westward,
by Hooker in Iceland. (See J. Gerardi).
Carex panicea oi Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Sweden “ hirss-starr ” (Linn.), and
known from early times : — termed “ gramen cyperoides gracile alterum glomeratis torulis spatio di-
stantibus ” by Morison iii. 8. pl. 12; described also by Plukenet aim. pl. 91, Scheuchzer 431, Ray hist.
T293, and Micheli pl. 32 (Linn.) : known to grow from Iceland aud Lapland to Switzerland, Russia,
and Northern Asia (Pers., and Wats.) ; and observed by Rudbeck i. pl. 31. and Linnæus, in Lapland
and Sweden. Probably by European colonists was carried to Northeast America, observed by H.
Little near Boston; but according to J. Carey, occurs from “ New England to Wisconsin, and south-
westward.”
Agrostis canina of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden “ brun-hwen”
(Linn.), and known from early times : — termed “ gramen supinum caninum paniculatum folio vari-
ans” by C. Bauhin pin. i and theatr. 12 (Linn.), and known to grow in meads throughout middle
Europe (Scheuch. hist. 141, Smith brit. 78, and Pers.), from Russia and Ireland to Switzerland
(Wats.) ; observed by Linnæus Irequent in moist meads in Sweden. Westward, is known to grow
in Iceland (Wats.) ; and according to Watson, and A. Gray, has been introduced into Northeast
America.
Airopsis prcecox of Northern and middle Europe. A diminutive grass called in Sweden “ war-
tatel ” (Linn.), and known from early times : — termed “ gramen parvum præcox panicula laxa cane-
scente ” by Plukenet phyt. pl. 33, and Ray angl. iii. pl. 22, “ g. minimum spica brevi habitiore nostrum ”
by Scheuchzer hist. 219 (Linn.) ; known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan.
pl. 383, Smith angl. i. 87, and Pers.) as far as Switzerland (Wats.) ; observed by Linnæus in Sweden,
in depressed sandy situations subject to inundation in Scania. By European colonists, was carried
to Northeast America, observed by Pursh in the outskirts of Philadelphia, aird^according to A. Gray
occurs in “ sandy fields, New Jersey to Virginia, rare.”
Arrhenalherum avenaceum of Northern and middle Europe. An oat-like grass called in Sweden
“ knyl-hafre” (Linn.), and known from early times:—termed “ gramen avenaceum elatius juba
Ionga splendente” by Morison iii. 8 pi. 7, and Scheuchzer hist. 239, and “ avena elatior” by Linnæus:
known to grow in meads throughout Northern and middle Europe (Schreb., Leers, and Pers.) ; was
observed by Linnæus in Sweden as far as Lapland, sometimes in gardens. By European colonists,
was carried to Northeast America, observed by myself in cultivated and fallow ground near Salem,
Mass.; by Torrey, in the environs qf New York city; by Curtis, in North Carolina (Chapm,); by
Baldwin, in the Western part of Georgia (Ell.) ; and according to A. Gray has become naturalized.
Lycopodium clavatum of Northern climates. A club-moss called in Sweden “ ralf-mossa ” or
“ wisp-mossa” or “ kalfwerefwor ” or “ mattegras,” and from early times used for making mats, blistering
bread, and sold in the drug-shops under the name of “ musci clavati,” its seeds as “ lycopodii ”
— (Linn.): described by Valerius Cordus tn (Spreng.); termed “ muscus terrestris clavatus” by
C. Bauhin pin. 360, “ lycopodium vulgare pilosum anfragosum et repens ” by Dillenius muse. pl. 58,
and known to grow throughout Northern Europe ( . . . . ) : observed by Tillands pl. 143, and
Linnæus, in Lapland and Sweden. Westward, by myself in New England, as far as 42° along the
Atlantic ; according to A. Gray, is “ common northward ” from central New York ; and according to
Chapman, grows on the “ mountains of North Carolina.”
Lycopodium annotinum of Northern climates. Called by the Westrogoths “ ref-gras ” (Linn.),
and known from early times ; — termed “muscus terrestris repens clavis singularibus foliosis erectis ’
by Plukenet aim. pl. 258, and known to grow in woods throughout Northern Europe (Möris. iii. If'
pl. 5, Dill. muse. pl. 63) : observed by Linnæus In Sweden. Westward, by myself from 47° 30' on
the Lower St. Lawrence to the base of the White mountains and of Monadnock ; by Oakes, and
Sibthorp, on mount Athos. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, -where it
seems naturalized in the immediate vicinity of Salem, Mass.
Sedum rupestre of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden “ bergknoppar”
(Linn.), and known from early times: — termed “ s. minus Iuteum folio acuto” by Tournefort inst.
263, “ s. m. a rupe S. Vincentii ” by Ray angl. iii. 270, and known to grow on rocks from Sweden to
the Mediterranean (Engl, bot, pl. 170, and Pers.) : was observed by Hooker in Iceland; by Linnæus,
on calcareous rocks in Sweden ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on rocks from Crete and the Peloponnesus
to Parnassus.
Seduni sexangulare of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden “ kant-
knoppar” (Linn ), and known from early times: — termed “ s. minimum Iuteum non acre” by Bauhin
hist. iii. 69s, “ stenegrop” by Petiver 42. f. 9, and known to grow in arid situations and on walls from
Sweden to the Mediterranean (Pers.) : observed by Linnæus in Sweden, intermingled with s. acre,
but the leaves not acrid. In Britain (Curt. lond. iv. pl. 33) is regarded by Watson, and Bromfield, as
probably not indigenous (A. Dec.).
A juga pyramidalis of middle Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden
“ kiaringruka ” or “ miolkgubbar,” and from early times used medicinally and sold in drug-shops
under the name of “ consolidæ mediæ ” — (Linn.) : termed “ consolida media genevensis ” by Bauhin
hist. iii. 432, “ phyllochnos ” by Renealmi 125, “ bugula sylvestris villosa fiore cæruleo ” by Tournefort ,
inst. 2oq, and known to grow from Sweden to the Pyrenees and mountains of Switzerland (fl. Dan. pl.
185, Engl. bot. pi. 1270, Pers., and Benth.) : observed by Linnæus in Sweden ; by Sibthorp, on mount
Hæmus ; and by Meyer, on Caucasus. By European colonists, was carried to Greenland (Wats.).
Melampyrum cristatum of middle Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden
“ ænggubbar” or “ korsort” (Linn.), and known from early times : — termed “ m. c. flore albo et purpureo”
by Bauhin hist, iii. 440, and Tourn. inst. 173, and known to grow from Sweden throughout
middle Europe (fl. Dan. pl. 1104, Engl, bot. pl. 41, and Pers.) : observed by Linnæus in Sweden, frequent
in meads in sterile soil ; by Sibthorp, around Constantinople.
Globularia vulgaris of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden “,berg-
skrabba” (Linn.), and known from early times : — termed aphyllanthes Anguillaræ ” by Camerarius
hort. pl. 7, “ globularia ” by Clusius hist. ii. 6 : was known to Lobel adv. nov. 200 as “ rare ” and
growing in Finland, Germany, and Italy; but has since become more abundant in central Europe
(Pers., and A. Dec.) : was observed by I.innæus in rocky situations exposed to the sun from Gothland
to Oeland ; by Sibthorp, on the Bithynian Olympus and as far as Smyrna.
Myosotis arvensis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden “ forgat mig
ei ” (Linn.), and known from early times : — termed “ echium scorpioides arvense ” by C. Bauhin pin.
254, “ m. hirsuta arvensis major ” by Linnæus, and known to grow from Lapland throughout middle
Europe (Dill. giss. 55, and Boerh. lugd. i. 190) : ob.served by Till.rnds, and Linnæus, frequent in arid
meads in Lapland and Sweden : by Chaubard, in cultivated ground in the Peloponnesus. By European
colonists was carried to Northeast America, observed by A. Gray in “ fields etc., not very common,”
its flowers “ small, blue, rarely white.”
Orniihogalujn Iuteum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden by the
Ostrogoths “ wafferdagslok,” and from early times known as a weed in gardens, and its bulbs eaten
in limes of scarcity — (Linn.) : termed “ bulbus sylvestris ” by Dodoens pempt. 222, “ pyrrochiton ”
by Renealmi pl. 90, “ o. Iuteum” by C. Bauhin pin. 71, and known to grow in meads and woods
throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pl.foia, and Pers.): observed by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus.
Ornithogalum minimum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia, from early times intermingled
with the preceding:—termed “ 0. pannonicum luteo flore” by Clusius hist. i. 189, '“o.
Iuteum minus ” by C. Bauhin pin. 71, aud known to „occur throughout middle Europe: observed by
Linnæus rarer than the preceding species, but occurring especially in the kitchen-gardens of Upland.
“ O, minus ” of Linnæus was observed by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus.
Russell, as far as 42° 30' alpng the Atlantic (Robinson) ; by A. Gray, “ common northward” from
central New York.
Isoetes lacustris of Northern climates. An aquatic called in Britain quHlwort (Prior), in Sweden
“ braksnagras,” uprooted by Cyprinus brama and hence omens drawn from early times —(Linn.) :
termed “ subularia lacustris sive calamistrum herba aqnatico-alpina ” by Rtiv angl. i. pl. 210, and
known to grow in shallow water at the bottom of lakes and rivers throughout middle Europe (Dill,
muse. pl. 80) : observed by Celsius, P. Osbeck, and Linnæus, in the lakes and rivers of Sweden.
Westward, was observed by Conrad near Philadelphi:r. and specimens shown me ; according to A.
Gray, is “ not rare northward” of central New York. New England specimens agreeing well with
European ; was received by Hooker from the Saskatchewan,
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