r
fi
■V: j-i i - )
;7.,.i. ■ ■ F
■n■r-éÌl '," - [’'
' ti
ki
'! ‘
'0à
/■ , I . '„'i!.
‘ I
5 2 2 CH R O N O L O G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
O s s u s s e /o sa o i Tropical Hindustan. A climbing herbaceous vine called in Telinga “ barubut-
s a l i ” (Lindl.) ; and from early times its leaves toasted and oiled to bring indolent tumours to suppuration
: observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, from Mysore to Rajahmundry and Bengal, in forests
(Graham) ; and from early times, its bark used to cure itch, its fruit eaten, and lamp oil expressed
from the s e e d s :— is termed “ cussambium spinosum” by Rumphius i. ph 57; was observed by
Graham in the “ Kennery forests^’ near Bombay, and “ on the Ghauts pretty common;” by Buchanan,
Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, from Malabar and Travancore to Coromandel Farther
East, by Berdmore, and Mason v. 35, in Burmah, called “ k y o ” and abounding “ in Shwaygyen,”
used “ lor pestles of mortars and axles of wheels,” and considered by McClelland “ a most valuable
timber.”
X a n t h o x y lo n r h e t s a of Southern Hindustan. A large tree armed with prickles and called in
the environs of Bombay “ te e sul” or “ cochlee” (Graham), in Malabar “ moolleela,” in Telino-a
“ rhetsa maun ” (Drur.) from the hill people being accustomed to assemble in the shade in “ rhetsa”
committee to examine and determine public affairs : — X. rhetsa was observed by Rheede v. pl 34
under cultivation in Malabar and the seeds used as a condiment ; by Graham, as far as Bombay,
“ Parr vi l lag e” and other localities near dwellings enumerated; by Roxburgh, and Wight, on the
Coromandel mountains, its aromatic bark put in food as. a condiment, and its seeds usSl as a substitute
for pepper (Drur.).
G om p h ia a n g u s t i fo U a of Tropical Hindustan. An Ochnaceous shrub, its bitter root and leaves
from early times in Malabar employed as tonic stomachic and anti-emetic : — observed in Malabar by
Rheede v. pl. 48 and 52 ; by Nimmo, in “ S. Concan” (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay; by
Wight, in other parts ot the peninsula.
E la e o d e n d r o n R o x b u r g h i i of Tropical Hindustan. A Celastroid shrub or small tree called in
Telinga “ neerija” (Lindl.) ; and from early times its fresh astringent bark applied by the natives to
almost every sort of swelling: — observed by Gibson, and Graham, in the Bombay district, on the
“ Sattara and Kamatkee ghauts ’” and “ about Hurrychunderjee ; ” by Roxburgh, and Wio-ht from the
mountains of Coromandel to Courtallum (Drur ). ^ ’
B r z d e l ia s p in o s a of Tropical Hindustan. A Euphorbiaceous tree of thirty to forty feet hio-h,
called in Telinga “ kora m a n ” (Lindl.), in Tamil “ moolloo-vengay,” in Malabar “ mooloo-vano-ay ”
(Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ asanna ” (Graham) ; and known from early times, cattle being
fond of the leaves, said to free them from intestinal worms : — was observed by Nimmo, and Gra'’-
ham, “ common on Elephanta and the Ghauts,” the “ trunk and larger branches armed with strono-
thorns ; ” by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, as far as Travancore, the Circar mountains, Bengal, and
Assam, its dark-coloured wood hard and durable, and the bark strongly astringent. “ B. montana,”
growing “ on the Gh a u t s ” and also called “ asanna,” a “ tree exactly like the last but without
thorns,” having “ red coloured and very hard wood,” is regarded by Graham as probably “ a mere
variety.”
C lu y t ia (L e b id ie r o p s i s ) c o l l in a of Tropical Hindustan. A Euphorbiaceous tree called In Te linga
“ kadishen ” (Lindl.) or “ wodisha,” in Tamil “ wodagu marum” (Drur.) ; and from early times
the rind of its capsules reputed to be exceedingly poisonous : — observed by Roxburgh, Wallich, and
Drury, from the Concans to the Circar mountains and Orissa, its wood “ very hard and durable,
much used in Rajahmandry and the Northern Circars.
C r o to n ( B a l io s p e rm u m ) p o ly a n d r u m of Tropical Hindustan. A bushy undershrub calleci in
Telinga “ konda-amadum,” in Hindustanee “ hakoon” (Lindl) ; and its seeds'taken from early times
as a good purgative ; — observed by Roxburgh, Wight, Stewart, and Drury, from the Punjaub to
Malabar, the Circar mountains and Bengal, its seeds probably furnishing “ the greater part of the
ju m a t g o t a of the drug-sellers,” “ East of the Sutlej its leaves are in.high repute for wounds, and its
sap is believed to corrode iron.” Farther East, was observed by Mason v. 492 “ exotic ” in Burmah
and called “ tha-dee-wa,” cultivated by the natives, its seeds “ a strong purgative.”
H o l ig a r n a lo n g i f o l ia of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A large Terebinthoid tree called
in Malabar “ cattu tsjeru ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ biboo ” (Graham); and from early
times a varnish extracted from the trunk, and small boats made of the t imber : — observed by Rheede
iv. pl. 9 on the mountains of Malabar ; by Graham, on “ the hilly wooded parts of the Concan as far
as Bombay; by Roxburgh cor., and Wight, from Travancore to Chittagong, the juice of the fruit
according to Don used by painters, also for fixing indelible colours figured on linen cloths (Drur.).
Farther E a ^ w a s observed by Mason v. 514 in Burmah, “ another black varnish tree in the forests,”
and “ on t h i t h e r coast, where the tree grows, its exudation is used by the natives to varnish shields,
and for other purposes.”
S em e c a r p t is c u n e i f o t iu m of Tfopical Hindustan. An allied tree also called “ b ib o o ” in the
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 5 2 3
and hedges, “ every part of the plant exceedingly acrid ” (Lindl, and Drur.). Westward, fragments
of a caustic herbaceous Cissus were observed by myself in a hedge on Zanzibar.
T o d d a l ia a c u le a ta of Tropical Hindustan. A thorny Xanthoxyloid shrub called in Telinga
it
environs of Bombay, being indistinguishable from the last except by the fruit, — observed by Graham
at “ Kandalla” and in “ jungles about P a r r ; ” by Roxburgh fl. ii. 86, in other parts of Hindustan.
O n n o c a r p um s e iD io id e s of Tropical Hindustan. A Leguminous plant called in Telinga “ nail
kashina” (Lindl); and from early limes its tonic and stimulant root employed medicinally: —
observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, in peninsular Hindustan, in forests hedges and uncultivated
lands.
A c a c ia le u c o p h lo e a of Southern Hindustan. A thorny tree called in Telinga “ tella-tooma
(Lindl), in Tamil “ vel-vel” or “ vel-veylam,” in Malabar “ vel-veylam,” in Bengalee “ supbaid-babul,”
in Hindustanee “ sufed-kikar ” (Drur.) ; and from eariy times, the tough and strong fibres of its bark
made into large fishing-nets and coarse c o rd a g e :— observed by Law, and Graham, “ common in
some parts of the Southern Mahratta country, and in the Sholapore districts between the Bheema
and Krishna, a spirituous liquor is distilled from the bark, and in some places the trees are farmed on
account of government ; ” by Roxburgh, and Wight, in woods and on hills on the Coromandel coast,
its timber “ hard and dark-coloured,” the natives mixing the bark “ with palra-wine and su g a r ” to
obtain the ardent spirit (Drur.).
A n in z a n ia v e s ic a to r ia of Hindustan and Burmah. An erect annual having a strong muriatic
smell and called in Telinga “ aghun drapakoo,” in Bengalee “ daud-maree” (Lindi.), in Hindustanee
“ dad-mari,” in Tamil “ miumel-neruppa ” or “ kallurivi,” in Malabar kallar-vanchi ” (Dru r . ) ; and
from early times, its exceedingly acrid le.aves used by the natives for raising blisters : — observed by
Graham “ common in moist places ” around Bombay “ towards the close of the r a in s ; ” by Ainslie,
Roxburgh, Fleming, and Wight, as far as Bengal, common in cultivated ground (Lin dl ) . Farther
East, by Mason in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous. Transported to Europe, is described by
Plukenet aim. pl. 136.
L u f fa am a r a of Tropical Hindustan. A climbing Cucurbitaceous vine called in Telinga “ sheti
beerà” (Lincll.) or “ sendu-beer-kai,” in Hindustanee “ kerula,” in Bengalee “ tito-dhoondhool ”
(Drur.) ; and from early times, juice of the roasted young fruit applied to the temples to cure headache,
and the seeds taken as emeto-cathartic : — observed by Nimmo, and Graham, “ wild about
Bombay in the rains, and throughout the Concans ; ” by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal, in
dry uncultivated places (Lindl). Transported to Europe, is termed “ cucumis indicus” by Plukenet
pl. 172.
B r y o z iia r o s t r a ta of Southern Hindustan. A slender climbing Cucurbitaceous vine called in
Tamil “ appakovay ” (Drur.) ; and from early times, its leaves eaten as greens, ¿ind its sweet mucilaginous
root employed medicinally: — observed by Rottler act. berol. iv. 212 in Tranquebar; by
Nimmo, in “ S. Concan” (Graham suppl.), nearly as far as Bombay; by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and
Wight, in other parts of Southern Hindustan.
T r ic h o s a ii th e s p a h f ia t a of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A Cucurbitaceous vine running
over the highest trees and called in Bengalee “ mukhal,” in Telinga “ kadi-danda ” (Lindl.) or
“ abuva,” in Tamil “ ancoruthay” (Drur.). in the environs of Bombay “ mukal” (Graham) ; and from
early times, its fruit regarded as poisonous but employed medicinally to cleanse offensive sores inside
the ears, and the stem and root much esteemed in diseases of c a t t le :— observed by Gibson, and
Graham, “ in jungles in the Concans and on the Ghauts pretty common,” and by Murray “ at Mahableshwur
; ” by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal; by Mason, in Burmah. By European
colonists, was carried to Austral Africa, where its fruit by pickling is rendered edible; and to
the MYst Indies, used there for killing rats (Drur.). From transported specimens, is termed “ mo-
decca bracte at i” by Lamarck enc. meth.
B a s s ia lo i ig i f o l ia of Southern Hindustan and Burmah. A Sapotaceous tree called in Burmah
“ kan-zau” (Mason), in Tamil “ elloopa,” in Malabar “ elloopie,” in Telinga “ ippa,” in Hindustanee
“ mohe” (Drur.); and from early times, its flowers roasted and eaten, oil from its ripe fruit substi- „
tuted for butter, used also for lamps and for making country soap, and the gummy juice of its bark
employed medicinally by the Vyt ians: — observed by Ainslie, Roxburgh, Hunter, and Drury, from
Malabar to the Circars and Coromandel, its timber “ nearly as durable as teak ; ” by Mason, “ indige-
nou.s” in Southern Burmah, its oil mixed by the natives “ with their food,” employed besides for
various purposes, and its timber valued. From transported specimens, described by Linnæus, and
Lamarck pl. 398. l l l u p i e o i l according to Drury is now imported into England for the manufacture
of candles.
H o y a v i r i d i f o r a of Tropical Hindustan. A woody Asclepioid climber called in Bengalee “ tita-
‘7-■lil!' . 'T.I',
I
i;:
Y ;‘