ru
'
à 1
’1 i.
^1 •
“ 31
j| ■ -^/ *5 !
I • w.-“ J ' +
4+4 * J M l ' Ë ■ ’ % .. ., j
='. »
0f.. if'l
'i
f«'•? 3■ •i| ' '.ia 'i ; Î 0 3 -1
j ' Â; i i i '
1 T Í
fr '
752 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
carrying on the whale-fishery SOCietKS w K L m K n n 0 T Ll m already in existence, and he de-
sci'ibes the Physeter and its ambergris and spermaceti; also the Ll n I CO Pn Ll ITI KP I n Ll ITI, the sea-
unicorn or narw hal; the walrus (Trichecus rosmarns), and its skin cut into strips for cables ; the
white bear (Ursus maritimus), hunted in the water like the L Ll t £ P otter and C KS t 0 P beaver; and
the sable, Mustela zibellina (Pouchet).
Albertus Magnus further speaks ofKnlmKLlLIITI KnnuLOSOPum annelids or worms : he
is regarded by Humboldt as the first person who constructed a hot-house for living plants (Pouchet).
Geum montanum of the mountains of middle Europe. The ^KPlOf I LKtK of Albertus Magnus,
called also S K n K m Ll 11 d K and p 6S L € pO PI S — (Caesalp. xiv. 12), seems to correspond:
G. montana was observed by Dodoens i. 5. pl. ig on the mountains of Bohemia, its root equally having
a “ caryophyllo’’-like odour; is described also by Barrelier rar. pl. 399; and is known to grow
on the mountains of Switzerland (Pers.).
Narcissus pseudo-narcissus ot middle and Northern Europe. Called in Bvxtam lent-lily or daffodil
or daffadowndilly, by all the older writers “ affodilly,” in medieval Latin “ asphodelus ” (Prior);
in which we recognize the KpfOdlLLuS of Albertus Magnus,' —and the“ felde lylye ” having
leaves like “ sapharoun ” of ms. Sloane 1571 : N. pseudo-narcissus is described by Brunfels i. p. 129
(Spreng.), and Dodoens ; is termed “ n. sylvestris ” by Lamarck fl. fr .; was observed by Scopoli in
Carniolia; and is known to grow wild in middle and Northern Europe (Engl. bot. pl. 17, and Lindl.).
By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues under cultivation as a
garden-fiower. Its properties according to Lindley are “ similar to those of N. poeticus,” and “ the
flowers are said to be emetic.”
“ The same year ” (Crawfurd vii. 11), in Java, building of the earliest of the temples of Brambanan.
— The latest in “ 1296.”
“ Not more perhaps than five or six centuries ago ” (Hale ethnogr. Expl. Exp, 1S7 to 193), the
Tarawan coral-islands colonized by fugitives drifting in two canoes from Banabe. They “ had just
commenced their settlement, when two other canoes arrived from a land to the southeast called
Amoi ” (Samoa) ; and “ for some time the two parties lived together in harmony.” — Within a comparatively
recent period, a great change has taken place in the condition of the people : “ the grandfather
of the present king of Apamama, more than a hundred years ago, visited every island of the
group, for the purpose of seeing what he considered the world. At present, from the hostility which
prevails between the different clusters, such an undertaking would be impossible.”
Cassia Occidcntalis of Tropical and Subtropical America. Called in Brazil “ gajamarioba ”
(Lindl.), and possibly known to the Polynesians as early as this date : — observed by myself seemingly
wild on the lava-covered portion of Hawaii, but usually occurring in waste places around dwellings
as on Taheiti and the Samoan Islands, and regularly cultivated on Tongatabu. Eastward, was
observed by E. James on the Upper Arkansas along the Rocky mountains, and therefore probably
indigenous ; by Nuttall, lower down on the Arkansas ; and is known to occur in waste places and cultivated
ground from Virginia to Florida (Ell., Chapm., and A. Gray) ; was observed by Sloane ii. ph
176, Swartz, and Macfadyen, in the West Indies;, by Martius in Brazil, everywhere near dwellings,
and spreading rapidly (Lindl). By European colonists was carried Westward across the Pacific to
the Philippines, called in Tagalo “ balatongaso ” or “ tighiman,” its seeds while tender eaten by boys
(Bl.inco) : to Australia (R. Brown cong. 58 to 61) ; to Burmah, “ occasionally noticed in native cultivation
for medicinal uses ” and called “ ka-lau ” (Mason) ; to Hindustan, having no Sanscrit name
(Pidd.), but called in Tamil “ payaverel,” in Malabar “ payavera,” in Telinga “ cashanda” (Drur.),
observed by Roxburgli, and Wight, and now according to Drury “ common everywhere,” by Graham
as far as Bombay abundant in the rains “ among rubbish in the neighbourhood of villages,” by myself
around villages in the dry season ; to Eastern Equatorial Africa, observed by Grant from “ Gondokoro
5° N.” along the Nile, by Delile in gardens at Cairo : also by European colonists was carried
across the Atlantic to Western Equatorial Africa, where it is cultivated by Negro tribes (Benth. fl.
nigr., and A. Dec.), probably for baths and fomentations and the leaves smeared with grease for an
adhesive plaster, as among their descendants in the West Indies (Macfad.). Transported co Europe,
is described by Commelyn hort. i. pl. 96; and is termed “ c. americana foetida” by Tournefort inst.
One hundred and sixty-seventh generation. Sept. 1st, 1267, onward mostly beyond youth: the
Chinese astronomer Ko-cheou-king: the Hindustanee writer Khusraii of Delhi d. 1315: the Jewish
writers, Gerson ben Solomon, Nachmanides, Abraham Abulafia ben Samuel: the Arab writers, Ebn
Khallikan the biographer d. 1282, Saad ben Manssur Ibn Kemunat, Kaswyny d. 12S3 : tlie Armenian
writer Vahram: the Greek writers Acropolites d. 1282, Gregorius Cyprius d. after 1289, Nicephorus
Chumnus d. 1300, and Ephraemius d. after 1300: Gulielmus de Baldensal, Jacobus de Vorágine, William
of Piacenza, and Lanfranc: the jurist Durandus ; Henry of Ghent; Albertet; John de Join-
ville; Rutebeuf: the Russian theologian Cyril of Kief: the scholastic theologians, Uclalricus
Argentinensis, Rupertus de Russia, Aegidius Romanus, Richardus de media Villa, Henricus a Gan-
OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 7 5 3
davo, Joannes Parisiensis, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventura : the last of the troubadours, Esteve
de Bezier : the zoologists, Conrad d’Halberstadt, Guillaume de Normandie, Richard de Furnival
(Pouch.) : the botanists, Alfredus d. 1268, and Henri Arviel (Pouchet): the painters, Andrea laffi d.
1294, Tommaso de Stefani d. 1310, Giovanni Cimabue d. 1300.
“ The same year” (J, Glen in Orient, transl. lond.) end of the history of Armenia by Vartan.
“ The same year” (Marco Polo, and Pauth. 353), a new city near Canbalu completed by Khou-
bilal-Khan for his seat of government : in other words, founding of the city of Pekin.
In this year (= 543 B. C. —“ 1809 years” in Mahavams. Ixxxvii.), in Ceylon under king Para-
ckramabahoo II. parts of the Budhist Scriptures translated by high priests.
“ In or about this year ” (Blair), “ the police of the city of Paris established ” by the first regulator
Stephen Boileau.
The spherical form of the earth, “ li monde est reont,” maintained by Brunetto Latin! trésor
(Pouchet).
“ 1268, Apr. i6th ” (Nicol), a synod in London. A decree was “ published, To remedy the disorders
occasioned by the civil war.”
“ 1269 A. D.” (F. Mason ii. 24), in Burmah, death of Narapadisæthu, king of Pugan; after
founding in the latter part'of his reign the city of Martaban, and leaving there thirty families “ to take
care of the pagoda” Pie was succeeded by his son Nandaraza.
“ 1270 A. D.” (rudim. chron. Lond.), the “ Establishments,” a body of laws by Louis IX. suppressing
private wars and trials by wager of battle.
“ 1271 A. D.” (Chinese chron. table), by the Western Tartars or the Youan, names first given to
their empire.
Leaves of Tamarix Germanica called “ balgou,” Glycyrrhiza lursuta called “ nakhalsa,” and
Sanguisorba sp. called “ chudou,” employed by the Mongols and Bouriates as substitutes for tea —
(Klaproth, and Ainsl. mat. ind. i. i. 228).
The continuation of the Altaian mountains separating the waters of the Amour from those of the
Lena and Lake Baical, called by the Bouriates from remote antiquity* “ lableni-Daba” — (Pall. trav.
iv. 266).
A llium sphoerocephalon of Siberia. From early times eaten around Lake Baical, — observed on
its shores by Pallas iv. 418. Westward, is described by Micheli n. gen. pl. 24; and is known to
occur in Italy and Germany (Pers.).
Polypodium fragrans of East Siberia. A fern called by the Bouriates “ serlik,” and from early
times used as a substitute for tea, — observed by Pallas iv. 418 on rock around Lake Baical
“ In this year” (Danish chron., and Relat. du Groenl. 207), by a strong Northwest wind ice
driven in great quantities to Iceland, laden with so many bears and so much wood that the existence
of land in that direction beyond Greenland was inferred: and an expedition was sent out, but without
result.
“ Sept. 1st ” (Alst., and Nicol), Clemens IV. after an interval of “ two years and nine months”
succeeded by archdeacon Thibaud Visdomini, now Gregorius X., twenty-eighth pope. The same
year in France (Alst.), Louis IX. succeeded by Philip III.
“ 1272 A. D.” (Way ed. pr. pm. pref.), Robertus Kylwarbi nominated archbishop o'f Canterbury
by pope Gregorius X. His writings are voluminous, some of them grammatical, — and are quoted
by Galfridus pr. pm.
“ 1273 A. D.” (Alst., and Blair), Rodolph of Hapsburg made emperor of Germany and Italy, and
head of a new dynasty. — Continued in the Austrian emperors to the present day.
“ In the Thirteenth century ” (according to Mirbel, in Pouchet), herbaria or collections of dried
plants first formed.
As early perhaps as this century (native tradition, and Ciez. lii), at Santa Elena point of the Gulf
of Guayaquil, arrival of reputed “ giants ” in “ boats made of reeds, as big as large ships ” (Japanese
junks?), men of large stature having large eyes, “ hair reaching to the shoulders,” and no beards:
they “ were dressed in the skins of'animals, others only in the dress which nature gave them, and
they had no women with them.” Landing, they “ made a sort of Village,” and in the absence of fresh
water dug “ very deep wells ” in the living rock until they procured a supply, and then lined them with
enduring “ masonry from top to bottom.” The wells — are regarded by Cieza de Leon as certainly
“ executed by very strong men.”
Convolvulus {Batatas) edulis of Tropical America. The sweet-potato irom Easter Island and
Taheiti to Northern New Zealand is called “ gumalla ” or “ gumarra” or “ umara” (Forst. esc. 56),
on Taheiti “ umara” (Bert.), on the Hatvaiian Islands “ ouala ” (Gaud.) or “ uala ” (Hale), in Bra-
* Cornus alba of East Siberia, A shrub that gave its name to the “ Oulan-Bourgassen ” river
of the Bouriates, a tributary of Lake Baical — (Pall iv. 359).
95
I
■ro 0?
■ro’ f
■«0: ,
U I f '
Î I!
fo- ■' ' -j”
' '■“? ' Íi ■
. 0. ,»0V, ■ 'ft
0 ? '
Y”
ro-' f f i - Y
■1
iU - ' i
,
’ 1 ' !
.r ■
(0 -,
íftaU-
0
ffi
ffi''- F'-'