h .Y ¡1!. ■ iW
UP
M!
Y 0 i
ÎS : 15
Rosa multiflora of Japan and China. Climbing with diminutive flowers; and the “ eglantine”
described by English writers of the Fourteenth century as a trellis shrub, — termed “ eglatere ”
by Chaucer fl. and 1. 3, and according to Gerarde and other early herbalists having white flowers
(Trior), may be compared: R. multiflora is described by Duhamel, Poiret, and Curtis bot. mag. pl.
1059. Eastward, was observed by Lush under cultivation at Dapooree near Bombay (Graham) ; by
Thunberg, in Japan. By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where it continues
in gardens. . , 1 • ,
“ 1357 A. D.” (Alst. p. 226), Orchan succeeded by his son Murad or Amurath, third Turkish
sultan. .
1359 A. D. (= I3S5 + “ 4 years,” art de verif.), Takaudsi succeeded by his son Josisaki, now
cubo of Japan; to whom the title of dai-seogun was confirmed by Kouo-gen II., — and subsequently,
to his successor Joosimitz.
“ In or about this year” (Nicholaus Brigán coll., and Way appen. pr. pm.), the Campus Florum
vocabulary * compiled at Miram vallem ; a place much frequented by devout monks.^
Carex a r e n a r i a of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Britain with other rigid species stare
or S t a r r , in Denmark “ star ” or “ stärigräs ” (Prior), in Iceland a rigid kind “ stör ’’ (Ihre, and Way),
in which we recognize the “ stare” or “ cegge” identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with the CKr IX of
the C. F. vocabulary (Way) : C. arenaria is described by Micheli pi. 33. f. 4; is known to grow in
drifting sand from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic shore of France as far as Sweden (Pers., and
Wats.) ; was observed on Iceland by Hooker.
Carex paludosa of Northern Europe and Asia. — The “ segge ” or “ star of the fen ” of Galfndus
pr. pm., may be compared : C. paludosa is described by Goodenough ; is termed “ c. rigens ” by
Thuillier; and is known to grow in marshes throughout middle Europe (Curt lond. iv. pl. 61, and
Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in marshes around Constantinople.
Tremella nostoc of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain star-shot or star-jelly, and the
KSSLlb of the C. F. vocabulary,—identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with “ sterre slyme,” is referred
here by Way : T. nostoc is termed “ t. terrestris sinuosa pinguis et fugax ” by Dillenius muse. pl. 10 ;
and is known to make its appearance after rain throughout Western Europe (Engl. bot. pl. 460).
Eastward, was observed bv Sibthorp in Greece, on the island of Zacynthus
“ The same year” (De' Wailly pl. ix. 4). the colon (:) used in manuscripts of this date.
“ 1360 A. D.” (Haki., and Churchill coll.), Nicholas of Linn, a friar and astronomer, sailing to
“ the most Northern islands ofthe world; where leaving his company he travelled alone, arel made
draughts of all those northern parts, which at his return he presented to king Edward I I I . ” — Four
other voyages were made “ into those parts ” by Nicholas of Linn.
“ 1361 A D ” (art de verif.), Hassan succeeded by Mohammed El-Mansur, eighteenth Memluk
sultan of Egypt. A gold coin issued at Cairo by Mohammed El-Mansur, is fipred in Marcel p. I 74-
“ The same year ” (Siguenz., Cavig. giving 1353), Acamapitzin elected king by the Aztecs : the
beginning of the Mexican empire, f
* Saxifraga aizoides of Arctic and Subarctic climates.
frage (Prior
With other species called in Britain saxi-
),“and perhaps included in the S KX I f r Kg I U m or S K X 1 f P Kg I K of the C. F. vocabulary,
— identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with the “ saxifrage herbe:” S. aizoides is descnbed by Lmnæus;
is known to grow on the Pyrenees and mountains of Switzerland and middle Europe, and
from Scotland and Ireland throughout Northern Europe to Lapland, Spitzbergen, and Iceland (Smith
brit. 1. p. 432, Pers,, Hook., Dec , and Wats.). Farther West, was observed by Parry on Igloolik m
the Arctic Sea ; is known to grow at Lat, 64° in central North America, and farther South on the
Rocky mountains (Hook.), in Labrador and Newfoundland (Pursh), in Northern Michigan and on
W i l l o u g h b y m o u n t a in in V e rm o n t , ceasing a t about 43° 30'“ near Oneida Lake ” (A. G r a y ) .
A lnus incana of Subarctic climates. Called in Britain hoary alder or in the North eller (Way),
and the “ oryelle tre” identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with the KL n U S of the C. F. vocabulary,
may be compared : A. incana is termed “ a. folio incano ” by Parkinson p. 1409 ; and is known to £ow
from France throughout Northern Europe (Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Chamireo in Kamtchatka
and on the opposite American coast at Kotzebue’s Sound, by Mertens at Norfolk Sound ,
farther East, is known to grow from Wisconsin to New England and on the Alleghanies in tonn.sy -
vania (Pursh, A. F. Mx., Nutt., and A. Gray) ; has been observed by myself from Lat. 48° on the
Lower St. Lawrence along the Atlantic ceasing at aboutfeat. 41° 30' beyond Boston.
J Piquería trinervia of Mexico. A small Ageratum-like herb called in Mexican “ xoxonitzla
or “ yoloxiltic ” (Lindl.), and from early limes used as a remedy in intermittent fevers : — observec
by Mocino and Sesse on rocks near Santa Rosa de la Sierra, Xahqra, and many other paits, an
according to Steudel was known to Ruiz in Peru. Transported to Europe, is described by Jacquii
eel. i. pl. 48, and Cavanilles iii. pl. 235 (Pers.).
“ 1362 A. D.” (Blair), by Edward III. in his fiftieth year, as a favour to his people, law-pleadings
changed from French to English.
“ September” (Alst., and Nicol.), Innocentius VI. succeeded by William de Grimoard de Beauvoir
abbot and lord, now Urbanus V., forty-fourth pope.
“ In or about this year” (Way ed. pr. pm. 318), the Vision of Piers Plowman composed. —A
revision was made by the author “ in 1377,” and a second revision “ between 1380 and 1390,”
(Skeat ed.).
“ 1363 A. D.” (Alst. p. 307), Joannes V. made tributary to the Turkish sultan; whose consent
from this time became indispensable to the inauguration of I3yzanline emperors.
“ The same year” (art de verif.), Mohammed El-Mansur succeeded by Schaban-Aschraf, nineteenth
Memluk sultan of Egypt. A coin issued by Schaban-Aschraf, is figured in Marcel p. 175.
“ 1364 A. D.” (Alst. p. 234 and 375), in the presence of the cardinals and pope, an oration by
Nicolaus Orem, Against the corruptions of the priesthood. In France, John succeeded as king by
Charles V. : who wrote against the tyranny and rapacity of the popes, and caused the scriptures to be
translated into French.
One hundred and seventieth generation. Sept. ist, 1367, onward mostly beyond youth : the
Persian writers, Aly Ben Hussen of Bokhara wr. 1368, Abd al Cuvvy Ben Shedad wr. 1376 (Ainsl.):
the Arab writer El-Demiri d. 1405 (Pouchet) : the Greek writer Catacuzenus d. 1375: Joannes Tau-
lerus, Joannes Riusbrochius ; Matthew of Westminster ; Froissart; Nicholas Flamel: the scholastic
theologians, Henricus de Hassia, and Marsilius ab Ingen : the Italian poets, Petrarch, and Boccaccio :
the naturalists, Gaston Phoebus d. 1391, Corbichon (Pouch.): the botanists, Conradus de Megen-
berg, John Bray, John Ardern : the painter Stefanone d. 1390.
“ In this year” (Humb. cosm. ii.), the Azores Islands, previously discovered by the Normans, represented
on Picignano’s map of the world.
“ The same year (=ann. Saca 1290,” C. Mackenzie as. res. ix. p. 270), date of a Jain inscription
at Belligola, under the reign of Bucca-raya.
“ 1368 A. D. = ‘ houng-wou,’ ist year of” Tchou-youan-tchang, now.“ Tai-tsou IV., head of the
new dynasty of the Ming” (Chinese chron. table). The power of the Lamas now disappeared from China.
“ 1369 A. D.” (Maunder), at Paris, the Bastile, a fortress and prison, commenced by Charles V.
— The structure was completed in “ 13S3.”
“ In this year (= 2d of the houng-wou,” geogr. Chin, transl. Klapr. p. 37), tribute and his submission
sent by Tchhang king of Corea to the Chinese emperor ; who confirmed him in his title of king.
“ In the first years of his reign ” (Pauth. 3S8, and 39S), Tai-tsou IV. received ambassadors from
“ forty ” different foreign kingdoms; including besides Corea, Japan, the island of Formosa, “ iles
de I’Australie,” Sien-lo or Siang, bringing a letter written in golden characters; and from another
country, bringing a lion, said to be the first one seen in China.
“ 1370 A. D.” (Alst. p. 375, and others), John Wiclef, translator of the bible into English, now
writing openly against the pope. The papal authority from this time began to be directed against
individual members of the church.
In this year (= “ 3d year houng-wou of Tai-tsou,” Remus, mei. iii. 89), arrival in China of Kouo-
tching, ambassador from Cambodia.
“ In this year ” (Velasco, and Markh.), Duchicala succeeded by Atauchi Duchicala, now thirteenth
scyri of Quito.
“ Dec. 30th ” (Nicol.), Urbanus V. succeeded by cardinal Peter Roger the younger or Gregorius
XL, forty-fifth pope.
Interments in the cave of Gruta das mumias, about twenty miles from Juiz de Fora in Southern
Brazil (Hartt in am. nat. 1875), as early perhaps as this date.*
* Gossypium Brasiliense of Tropical America. One of the bodies wrapped in a hammock of
coarse cotton threads, united “ at intervals of a foot or more by transverse threads : ” — the hammocks
“ ini ” or “ inni ” seen by Lerius “ in 1556 ” in Brazil were made of cotton thread, sometimes like a
net, sometimes woven into a close cloth ; the same name for hammock is given by Stade, but could not
be found by Plant in the Tupi, Mauds, nor Mundructi vocabularies: G. Brasiliense was observed by
Macfadyen i. 72 on Jamaica, both wild and cultivated (A. Dec.).
Cecropia sp. of Southern Brazil. The burial urns covered outside with a sort of basket-work of
the bast of “ embauba tinga ” — (Glaziou and Hartt).
Astrocaryum tucum of Southern Brazil. A palm, and one of the bodies wrapped in a hammock
made of its fibres — (Glaziou, and Hartt), a material perhaps no longer used for this purpose.
Geonomapinnatifrons of Eastern Equatorial America. A palm, and fragments of its pinnules
found around one of the bodies— (Glaziou, and Hartt) : G. pinnati.Vons is known to grow as far as
Caraccas (Pers.). P'rom transported specimens, is described by Willdenow.