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1028 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
Verbena Aubleiia 88, Aster (Galatella) hyssopifolia p. 114, Muhlenbergia Mexicana 31, Koenigia
fslatidica 35 ; Bicmelia decandra 48 (“ Sideroxylon” of Linn, and “ B. oblongifolia” oi Nutt.) received
by Munchhausen from N. America.
“ In tliis y e a r ” (Spreng.), Linnæus the younger publishing his Fascic. plant, rar., describing
Raphanus caudatus, Silphiunt terebiiiihaceuin.
“ The same year ” (Spreng.), Wallis among the “ Friendly ” Islands.
“ The same year==32d of Kien-loung” (Amyot, and Pauth. 269), under his direction, the
Chinese chronological table compiled and published ; together with the Li-tai-ki-sse, a collection of
annals from the time of Yao. Kien-loung also caused to be published a Chinese and Mantchou dictionary,
including words invented by himself for ideas wanting in Mantchou.
“ 176S, Feb. n t h ” (Gordon, and Holmes), a circular letter addressed by the Legislature of
Massachusetts to the other colonies. The British ministry taking umbrage, Lord Hillsborough wrote,
requiring the rescinding of the resolution. The Assembly, declaring “ the right of the subject, jointly
or severally, to petition the king for the redress of grievances,” voted not to rescind ; and on the following
day, “ Aug. 4th,” was dissolved by Governor Bernard. “ S ept.‘28th to Nov. lo th ” (Adams
lett. i, and Holmes), arrival in Boston of “ four thousand” troops, to protect the revenue officers in
collecting the new duties,
“ The same y e a r ” (Marcel), war between Russia and Turkey declared, and Egypt called upon to
furnish “ twelve thousand men.” An attempt by the snltan to get rid of Ali-Bey having failed, the
Memluk chieftain now declared himself independent; — and held possession of Egypt about four
years. Coins issued by Ali-Bey, are figured in Marcel p. 335.
“ July 14th” (trav. i. 21), Pallas leaving Moscow. Journeying Eastward along the Volga, he
reached Sinbirsk “ Sept. 22d.”
“ In this y e a r ” (append. Sibth., Spreng., and W inck l), Haller publishing his Hist, stirp. Helvet.
indig , enumerating “ twenty-four hundred and eighty-six” species, among them Veronica fruticosa
pl. 16, Aretia Helvetica t i , A . alpina 11, Arenaria multicaulis 17, Saxifraga mutata 16, Pedicularis
recutita 8. 2, P . gyrofexa 11, Oxytropis campestris 13, 0. Uralensis 14, Inula Vaillanti 2, and 0 >-
sium spinosissimum. — He published his Nomenclat. “ in 1769,” and died “ in 1777.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), S. T. Gmelin voyaging on the Caspian, from Astracán along the
coast of Ghilan and Masanderan, provinces of Persia. — His Reise were published “ 1770-84.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), Bougainville among the “ Friendly” Islands : accompanied by Commerson—
who died “ in 1773.”
“ The same year ” (second edit.), end of the chronide of Blair.
“ In this year ” (Spreng., and Winckl), Giov. Targioni-Tozzetti publishing his Relaz. viag. Tosc.
— The work was completed “ in 1779,” and he died “ in 1782.”
“ In this y e a r ” ( . . . . Winckler), Labillardière visiting Syria, — where he remained “ until
1787.” His Icon. Plant. Syr. were published “ in 1791-1812.”
Periploca angustifolia of the Atlas mountains. Observed by Labillardière icon. ii. pl. 7 in Syria,
— by Desfontaines i. 209 on mount Atlas (Pers.). According to Gussone has not crossed from
Favignano to Marítimo, islands only two leagues apart (A. Dec.).
Helichrysum frigidum of mountain-summits in Syria and Corsica. Observed by Labillardière p l
4 on Lebanon ; — elsewhere known to grow only on Corsica (Pers., and A. Dec.).
“ lepidium anglicum” by Hudson “ in 1778,” as found naturalized in Britain; occurring also in waste
ground in Sweden (Fries), Italy (Scop., and Savi), Southwestern France (A, Dec.), Spain (Boiss.);
and by European colonists carried to St. Helena (Wats.), and Port Jackson in Australia (R. Brown,
and Nutt.). Westward, is known to growin Brazil (A. Dec.), Buenos Ayres, and Chili (Hook.);
by Humboldt and Bonpland, on the Equatorial Andes at the elevation of “ 1350” (Kunth); by Nuttall,
to all appearance indigenous along the Missouri and Mississippi : but has become a weed in our
Atlantic States, from Virginia Southward (A. Gray); on the Santee before the days of Walter, and
Michaux (Steud., and E ll) ; was observed by Chapman, in “ waste places, Florida to North Carolina ; ”
by Drummond, around New Orleans.
Gentiana Pyrenaica of the Pyrenees, Carpathians, and Caucasus. Described by Linnæus mant.
55, — and Gouan illustr. vii. pi. 2: known to grow on the Pyrenees above “ 4800 feet,” on mount
Berzsowa in Hungary, and on Caucasu.s, but seems unknown in Switzerland (A. Dec.).
Terminalia angusiifolia of the Malayan Archipelago. From transported specimens described
by Linnæus mant. 297, — and Jacquih hort. iii. p l too, and Gærtner ii. pl. 127. Eastward, observed
in the countries on the Indian Ocean by Commerson (Steud.) ; according to Royle, a milky juice flows
from the stem and concretes into a fragrant substance resembling benzoin, and in the Mauriiius used
in churches as a kind of incense (Lindl). The tree has recently been introduced by Nimmo into
Hindustan (Graham. See Styrax benzoin).
OF A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 1029
“ In this year ” (append. Sibth., and Spreng.), Miller publishing the Eighth edition of his Gardener’s
dictionary, enumerating Berberis Canadensis. — He died “ in 1771.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), after his Geran. in “ 1759,” N- Burmann publishing his Flor. Indica,
enumerating plants collected by Outgaerden, Pryon, Lor. Gardn., and others, as Cotula minima.
Thuya cupressoides. — He published also Prodr. fior. Capens. ; and died in “ 1793.”
“ In this year ” (Winckler), James Bruce visiting Abyssinia, — where he remained “ until 1772.”
“ 1769, Feb. g th ” (Gordon, and Holmes), in an address to the king by both houses of Parliament,
a proposal to bring persons accused of treason into Britain for trial. .Massachusetts having
now no Assembly; resolves by.the Virginia Legislature “ May i6th,” That “ it is lawful to procure
the concurrence ” of other colonies in “ praying the royal interposition in favour ” of violated rights ;
and that all trials for crime committed in a colony, “ ought to be in and before his majesty’s courts
within said colony.” On the following day, the Virginia Assembly was dissolved by Governor Botetourt.
“ In October,” the North Carolina Legislature adopting similar resolutions, was dissolved bv
Governor Tryon. A Non-importation agreement soon afterwards became general.
Previous perhaps to his voyage with Cook, Solander describing Vaccinium vacillans, Andromeda
speciosa.
“ The same year ” (Spreng., and D ’avezac in rec. voy. et mem. iv.). Cook on his First voyage in
company with Banks and Solander, traversing the Pacific Ocean discovered Anaa or Chain coral-
island, and farther West the two high islands of Tetouroa and Mauroua. — He reached New Zealand
“ in 1770,” and after visiting Australia and New Guinea arrived home “ in 1771.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Erich Laxmann, residing at Kolywan, publishing his
letter on Siberia. — He died “ in 1796.”
“ April 15th ” (trav. i. 224), Pallas at Samara on the Volga in 53°, the ice entirely gone, and the
country covered with flowers, including Ornithogalum minimum, Fritillar ia Pyrenaica. Tulipa sx'l-
vestris, Iris pumila, Valeriana bulbosa, Pedicularis comosa, Astragalus Uralensis, A . tragacan-
thoides, Viola odorata, and most abundant of AC Pulsatilla patens : on the heights were growing
Clematis erecta. Salvia nemorosa, S. nutans, Phlomis herba-venti, Dracocephalum ihymiforum, D .
Sibericum, Nepeta violacea, Hedysarum onobrychis. Astragalus pilosus, A . grandiflorus. Centaurea
Ruthenica, Inula hirta, and most abundant of all Onosma echioides. “ .May 2d,” learing Samara..
Pallas continued along the Volga, meeting with Agropyrum prostratum, Cheiranthus iaraxacifolius.
and on “ the 30th ” returned to Samara. “ June l6th,” he proceeded Eastward up the Samara rÎTer.
meeting with “ planta salsa ambigu! generis ” ( . . . . ) , Erysimum cornutum, and “ July 1 s t" reached
Orenbourg in “ 51° 46' ” on the Yaik. “ Aug. 22d,” Pallas at Gourief on the Yaik near the Caspiam
meeting with in the environs Hesperis Tartarica, Polyenemum monandrum, P . oppositifolium.. Sali-
corma strobilacea, Salsola arbuscula, Serratula Caspica, Lycoperdon herculeum a foot high arciurd
the Inderskoi salt lake. Leaving Gourief “ on the 31st,” he reached Jaïtzkoï on the Y'adk “ Sect.
17th,” Sakmarskoi on the Orenbourg route “ on the 28th,” and continued through the Baschkir c; cr-
try to Oufa “ Oct. 2d.”
“ July 24th” (append. Pall. v. 4S4), Lepechin arriving at Zarizyn on the Lower Vcdga. — He
published the first volume of his travels in Russia “ iu 1774,” and the third ••in I 'S t ”
Winckl.). - - - - -
“ The same y e a r ” (Humb. iii. 8), colonization of North California by the Snarish ; who esra’o-
lished missions at Monterey and San Francisco.*
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, Spreng., and W in ck l), after his Icon, " in 1-65." Schreber publishing
the First volume of his Gram., — his Flor. Lips, “ in 1771," Verticil, nnilah. “ 5a ip -a ."
Carex intermedia of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described bv Schreber and
termed “ c. disticha” — (Pers.) ; known to grow in meads and marshes froar Swecen and Russia to
the Mediterranean (Engl. bot. p l 2040, T h u ill, Pers., and Wats.) : o b s e n e c b y Decandolle in France:
by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent in the Peloponnesus.
Carex prcecox of Europe and the adjoining portion of .Isia, A low vernal sedge described bv
Schreber, — and known to grow in open woods from Sweden and R--.ss;.n throughout middle Europe
(Engl. bot. pl. 1099, Jacq. aust. pl. 446. Pers., and Wats.) : observed by Sibthorp on the mountains
around Athens. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, observed bv mvself naturalized
on hills around Salem, Mass., and flowering before the development o f leaves on the overhanging
trees ; by Schweinitz, near Bethlehem, Penns.
* Vitis C a lif ornica of North California. .A. wild rune, yielding grapes “ assez grandes, mais très
aigres,” was found by the first Spanish colonists — (Humb. iii. S): doubtless the species observed bv
myself, festooning trees along the Sacramento, the fruit rather small, pleasant to the taste, but ieavin»
behind an unusual sense of tartness.
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