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5
OF A C COM PA N Y ING A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S. 4 4 9
“ 59 B . C . ’ (Liv., and Clint.), at Rome, an agrarian law carried against ali opposition by Caesar ;
one of the consuls for this year. The provinces of Illyricum and Cisalpine aud Transalpine Gaul,
assigned to Caesar forfflve years (Sm. b. d.).
About this time, the Danube crossed and the country North of the Adriatic ravaged by the Getae
or Dacians ; who under their king Boerebistas (compare Ariovistus) had acquired great power.
Stiabo vn. 3, 5 further states, that Caesar sent an expedition against “ Vurëvistas ”
^ Ornithopus compressas of the Mediterranean countries. The “ karopithla ” of the D acians,—
identified in the Syn. Diosc. with the “ katanagkë,” having according to Dioscorides a slender root,
long leaves as in “ korönopothos,” six or seven heads of “ örövö ’’-like fruit that in drying curve
towards the earth like the talons of a dead kite, is referred here by Sprengel; the “ katana»ke” is
further identified m the Syn. Diosc. with the “ arharas ” or “ arköpöus ” of the prophets ; and the
“ catanancem ” of Thessaly employed for amatory purposes and detecting magic, is mentioned by'
Plmy xxvn. 35 ; O. compressus was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from Caria to the Peloponne.
sus. Westward, the “ katanagkë” or “ thamnamënë” or “ thionusias ” or “ thursion” or
“ tíiemos ” or “ krötiön ” is identified in the Syn. Diosc. with the “ ërva phiiikla ” or “ thatiska ” or
“ lOvis matliious ” of the Romans ; and the “ pes milvinus ” is mentioned by Columella (Ruel ii
62) ; O. compressus is termed “ ornithopodium scorpioides siliqua compressa” by Tournefort inst.
a4n0d0 ; Paenrds. )I.S kno-wm to grow in Italy, Sicily, Barbary, and Southern Francve (B0e rgeret i1i . •p l ^ iq> i A-,ll
Ornithopus cbractcatus oi the Mediterranean countries. — The “ katanaghë ëtërôn” employed
like the preceding for amatory philtres by the Thessalian women, and further described by Dioscorides
as having a small root, leaves in form and colour like those of the olive but soft and divided spreadin»
on the ground, and small fruit pierced into many parts “ ërëvinthôn’’-like, may be compared- of th i
added Synonyms, the “ këm ôs” seems to belong here, for the “ cem os” is distinguished by Pliny
+ 0 ' ' ?? “ catanancem,” but is employed for the same purposes (compare “ këmôs = lëôntopothion
” in Diosc. iv. 129) ; O. ebracteatus vvas observed by Chaubard in the Subalpine portion
of the Peloponnesus. Westward, is described by Dalechamp p. 487 ; and is known to grow in Spain
Portugal, and Southern France (Brot., Vivian., D ec. fl. fr., and Pers.).
A ster tripohum of the European seashore, along the Atlantic and Mediterranean Called in
Britain sharewort (Prior), equivalent to the “ iggunalis ” of the Romans or “ vöuvöniön” identified
m the Syn. D iosc.. -vvith the “ rathivitha” of the D acian s;— the account by Dioscorides of the
“ aster attikos” may in part belong here ; A, tripolium was observed by Sibthorp sparingly on the
seariiore of the Greek islands. Westward, the account of the “ aster” or “ bubonion” by Pliny
xxvii. 19 seems cliiefly taken from Dioscorides ; A. tripolium is termed “ a. maritimus palustris cæruleus
sahcis folio ” by Tournefort inst. 481, “ a. pannonicus ” by Jacquin (B ieb.); and is known to
grow on tlie seashore of France and Britain (Engl. bot. pl. 87, and P ers.).
Erythroea centaurium of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain earth-gall
or lesser centaury, in Anglo-Saxon “ eorth-gealle,” in Germany “ tausendgulden ” from “ centum
áureos ” or “ centaurium ” (Prior), in Italy “ centaurea minore ” (Lenz), in Greece “ thërmôhôrtôn ”
(Sibth.) or “ phlousköuni” (Fraas), in Egypt “ kantarian ” (F orsk .); in which we recognize the
“ këntaunon mikrön ” identified in Syn. Diosc. with the “ tôulvëla” of the Dacians ; — the “ këntau-
rion mikron kai lëptôn ” is described by Dioscorides as more than a span high with purplish-red
flowers and a diminutive root; E. centaurium was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas frequent
in open situations from the Peloponnesus throughout Greece ; by Forskal p. Ixiv, around Cairo
in Egypt, and in frequent medicinal use. Westward, the “ këntauriôn mikrön” or “ lim naion” or
“ aima ëraklëôus” is further identified in Syn. D iosc. with the “ phëuriphôugiam” or “ aura moulti
rathix’• of the Romans ; the “ centaurion lepton ” or “ fel terrae” or “ libadion,” by Pliny xxv. 31
with the “ exacon ” of the Gauls ; E. centaurium is described by Io. lac. Manliis de Bosco f. 72 and
Brunfels (Spreng.) ; is termed “ centaurium minus ” by Tournefort inst. 122 ; and is known to ’»row
from Italy throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pl. 617, Rafn, and Pers ) " By
European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues at Oswego on Lake Ontario
“ near the old fort ” (A . Gray). The plant according to Lindley continues to be “ collected for use
m rustic pharmacy,” possessing “ all the essential properties of the gentian of the shops.”
Hyoscyamus niger of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Anglo-Saxon “ henne-belle,” converted
after the days of Gerarde into henbane (Prior), in Germany “ bilse ” or “ bilsenkraut ” (Grieb)
in France “ jusquiame ” (N ugent), in Italy “ giusquiamo ” or “ josciamo nero ” or “ dente cavallino ”’
(Lenz), in Greece “ gërôs ” (Fraas), in which we recognize the “ uöskuamös” identified in Syn.
Diosc. with the “ tluëlëia” of the Dacians, “ vilinountia ” of the Gauls, and “ phavöulönia” of the
Tuscans ; — also the kind of “ hyoscyamus ” described by Pliny xxv. 17 as “ vulgare ” and paler the
/jiisquianus ” of Palladius i. 35 and Vegetius ii. 12, the “ hyoscyamon ” identified by Beda taber’nac
nt. 8 with the plant called “ acharo ” in Britain, and the “ acharonia ” or “ jusquiamus ” of Albertus
57
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