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93S CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
albo ” in pin. iii. 360, “ 1. saxatilis alpina glabra pumila ” by Tournefort inst. 338 ; known to grow in
Lapland and. on the mountains of middle Europe (fi. Dan. pl, 4, and Pers.) : observed by Celsius,
and Linnæus, in Lapland and on the mountains of Sweden; by Sibthorp, on the mountains of Greece.
G e r a n i u m p u s i l l u m a i Europe? Termed “ g. columbinum tenuius laciniatum” by C.'Bauhin
prodr. 138— (Linn, sp .) ; observed by Scopoli 847 in Carniolia, — by Cavanilles iv. pl. 83, in Spain;
and known to occur in waste places and cultivated ground throughout middle Europe (Ray angl. iii.
16. f. 2, and Pers.). By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, occurring according
to A. Gray in “ waste places, New York,”
C o n v o l v u l u s t r i c o l o r of Peru ? Described by C. Bauhin prodr. 134— (Spreng.), Morison i. pl.
4, and Linnæus ; and further attributed by Persoon to “ Africa, Mauritania, Spain, and Italy.”
I p o m c e a c o p t i c a of the Tropical border of tlie Sahara from Senegal to Hindustan. From transported
specimens, described by C. Bauhin prodr. 134— (Spreng.), Linnæus, and Roth. In its wild
state, known to grow in Senegal and Niibia (A. Dec.) ; and farther East, observed in Hindustan by
Roxburgh, and by Graham “ in the open glades about Kandalla, creeping among the grass,” 1.
coptica is further attributed by A. Decandolle with a mark of doubt to Cuba ; and if really occurring
there, has of course been introduced through European colonists.
S i b b a l d i a p r o c u m b e n s of the Arctic region and mountain-summits farther South. Described by
C. Bauliin prodr. 139 — (Spreng.), and Sibbald ii. pl. 6 : observed by Gmelin on the mountains around
Lake Baikal: — by Bieberstein, on Caucasus; and known to grow in Finland, Lapland, and from
Scandinavia to the Faroe Islands and the mountains of Scotland (Ledeb.) ; also on the Pyrenees
(A. Dec.), the Sierra Nevada at the elevation of “ 9500 feet,” and on the Swiss Alps (Koch). Westward,
was received by Hooker from the Rocky mountains, and by Ledebour from Unalashka; but
I have not met with evidence of its existence on the mountains of New England.
Z a n n i c h e l l i a p a l u s t r i s of Temperate climates. An aquatic termed “ potamogeton capillaceum
capitulis ad alas trifidis ” by C. Bauhin prodr. lo i, — “ Z. p. major foliis gramineis acutis ” by Micheli
pl. 84, and known to grow from Lapland and Russia to the Mediterranean (Ray angl. iii. 135, Engl,
bot. pl. 1844. Pers., and Wats.) : observed by Linnæus in Lapland and Sweden, in rivers and ditches ;
by Decandolle, in France; by Gusgone, in Sicily; by Munby, in Algeria; by Sibthorp, in the environs
of Constantinople; by . . . . in Egypt (Kunth) ; by Bieberstein, along the Taurian mountains.
Westward, has been received from Virginia (Pers., and Pursh) ; by Hooker fi. ii. 170, from Oregon ;
according to A. Gray, grows in New England (A. Dec.) in “ ponds and slow streams, rather rare ; ”
and according to Chapman, in “ West Florida.” In the Southern Hemisphere, was observed by Cl.
Gay in Chili ; by J. D. Hooker, in New Zealand.
N a r c i s s u s d u b i u s of the Mediterranean countries. Described by C. Bauhin prodr. 27 — (Spreng.),
and Rudbeck ii. pl. 51 (Pers.) : observed by Gouan ill. 22 in the environs of Montpelier; by Gittard,
in the Peloponnesus.
“ In or about this y e a r ” (Markham edit. p. viii), Pachacuti-yamqui Salcamayhua, a native, writing
on the Antiquities of Peru.
also on the Columbia river as far as the Northwest Coast; was received by Decandolle from Unalashka.
The berries are abundant, and though insipid are sometimes eaten.
U v u l a r i a p e r f o l i a t a of Northeast America. Smilaceous and resembling the herb called “ Solomon’s
seal,” transported to Europe and termed “ polygonatum perfoliatum ” by C. Bauhin prodr. 136
— (Spreng.), “ polygonatum ramosum flore luteo minus ” by Cornuti pl. 41 as received from “ Nova
F ranc ia ; ” described also by Morison xiii. pl. 4. Westward, was observed by Pursh from Canada to
Carolina; by myself, from 45° to 40° along the Atlantic; by Schweinitz, at 36° in Upper Carolina;
by Elliot, rare in Lower Carolina ; by Chapman, in “ Florida, and northward ; ” and by Short, in
Kentucky.
T r i l l i u m e r e c t u m of Northeast America. With flowers and ovary mostly dark-purple. Transported
to Europe, is clescribed by C. Bauhin prodr. 91 — (Spreng.), and Cornuti pl. 167. Westward,
observed by Cleghorn in Canada (Hook.) ; by myself, from 48° on the Lower St. Lawrence to 40°
along the Atlantic, a woodland plant; by Pursh, from Pennsylvania to Carolina; by Elliot, on the
Alleghanies of Carolina; by Chapman, “ on the mountains of North Carolina, and northward; ” and
by Short, in Kentucky. Its rhizoma according to-Lindley i.s “ violently emetic.”
A d i a n t u j n p e d a t u t n of Northeast America. The C a n a d a m a i d e n - h a i r transported to Europe,
described by C. Bauhin prodr. 150 — (Spreng.), and termed “ adiantum americanum ” by Cornuli pl. 6.
Westward, “ maiden-hair” ordinarily “ half a yard in height,” was seen by Josselyn rar. 55 in New
England; A. pedatum, by Lapylaie from 51° in Newfoundland ; by myself, from 44° to 40° along the
Atlantic : by Croom, near Newbern; by Chapman, in “ North Carolina, and northward ; ” by Nuttall,
on the Mississippi ; and by Drummond, as far as 53° on the Rocky mountains.
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 939
“ In the beginning of this y e a r ” (N. Shaw edit. Champí, p. xlviii), the duke of Montmorency
made viceroy of New France, “ from Florida along the seacoast to the Arctic circle; to the west
from Newfoundland to the Great Lake called the Freshwater S e a ” (Lake Superior). Champlain
was appointed his lieutenant, to proceed to the new colony and have entire control (letter from the
king “ May 7th ” ).
. . 0 ® same year ” (Smith, Chaim., and Plolmes), freedom granted to the colonial commerce of
Virginia: and a Dutch ship arriving, sold “ twenty «¿rgrrar,” being the first imported into Virginia.
■The Dutch West India company chartered in this y e a r ; and the island of Margarita seized, and"from
this time chiefiy abandoned by its Spanish inhabitants.
Nov. n t h ’ (Bradf., and Holmes), under a pledge from king James “ Not to molest them,”
ariival at Cape Cod of “ one hundred” Brownists or Puritan reformers, in the ship Mayflower. Find-
in# hemselv e s contrary to their wishes in “ Lat. 42°,” beyond the chartered limits of South Virginia,
and therefore under no government; an agreement was signed before landing, and John Carver elected
governor for one year. On “ Wednesday the 15th,” a party on shore under Miles Standish “ saw
five or SIX persons with a d o g g . " A few days afterwards, a party in the shalop “ found more o f their
c o r n e and of their b e a n s of various collours ” (Phaseolus vulgaris). “ Before the close of November ”
(Holmes), birth of Peregrine White ; the first child of European parentage born in New England. —
He died in 1704, in his “ eighty-fourth y e a r ” (Prince chron.).
Dec. 9th (Churchill coll i!.), e c l i p s e o f t h e t n o o n . Observed in Anam or Cochinchina by
Born ; of the party of missionaries who first entered that country.
Dec. 23d, Saturday” (Churcliill coll., and Holmes), after searching the bay beyond Cape Cod,
and s r tc tm g a harbour, many of the colonists went on shore to remain permanently ; and commenced
a settlement, which they called “ New Plimouth.” — The “ twenty-second day of December, new
style, corresponding to the eleventh, old style ” (Holmes), has long been observed as the anniversarv
of the Landing. ^
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), by H. and Z. Jansen in Holland, u t i c r o s c o p e s invented and first
manufactured.
“ 1621 A. D. = Hhian-ky is t year of HiAsoung-tchi-ti, Tchi-ti,” or Hi-tsoung, “ of fhe Mino-”
or Twenty-third dynasty (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth.). Hi-tsoung invited Portuguese soldiers
from Macao, to aid him against the Mantchous; but through the jealousy of merchants, was persuaded
to order a return (Semedo, and Pauth. 414).
“ In this y e a r ” (Klapr. mem. 1. 323), Japanese establishing themselves on the Northern coast
of Formosa.
“ In this y e a r ” (Stirling, and W. W. Hunter), prince Shah Jahan, rebelling against his father the
emperor Jahangir, takes possession of Orissa and Bardwan.
“ March i6tli ” (Holmes), the colonists at Plymouth visited by Samoset, a native who had
learnrt broken English from fishermen. Means of communication were now obtained; and through
him, Squanto a native who had been forcibly carried to England, and Hobomack a third friendly
native, a treaty was entered into with Masasoit, the most influential cliief among the siirroundin»
tribes. “ Great store of wild t u r k i e s ” were found in the woods (Bradf). “ June i8th,” a d u e l between
£ 0 servants ; who were condemned to lying twenty-four hours the head and feet tied together.
“ Sept. 13th,” visit of nine saclieins, who voluntarily subscribed an instrument of submission to king
0 mes; partly, it would appear, through fears of the Canadian French. “ Nov. n th ,” arrival of
Robert Cushman with “ thirty-five ” additional colonists ; bringing a charter, procured by friends at
home.* — Ihe treaty of friendship with Masasoit and the natives continued inviolate more than fifty
years, until 1675.
The same y e a r ” (Purchas, and Holmes), a school for the natives founded in Virginia, endowed
with a tract of land, and connected with the college at Henrico. And in England, the policy of
favouring colonial over foreign importations, adopted.
«1, fr'™ by the emperor Ferdinand II., the Protestants banished from
Bohemia, Moravia, Austria, Silesia, and Lusatia ” In France (Blair), commencement of civil war
against the Protestmits : — the war continued seven years, until the capture of Rochelle by Louis X I I I .
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn. fl. suec. p. vii), academic dissertation b y j . L. Starchii, the first Swede
Who wrote on plants ; treating them however only in a general way.
* J u n i p e t u s p t o s t r a t a of Subarctic America. The g r o u n d j u n i p e r is clearly the “ jiinipere ” of
Plymouth Colony mentioned in W. Morell’s poem, — and “ jun ip e r” of New England described by
Josselyn 49 as “ very dwarfish and sh ru b b y :” J. prostrata is described by Michaux (P e r s ) - vvas
observed by myself from 45° to 42° along the Atlantic; by Nuttall, from Lake Huron to Fort Mandan
on the Upper Missouri ; by Drummond, from the Saskatchewan to 53° on the Rocky mountains • and
by Mertens, to 57° on the Pacific at Norfolk Sound.
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