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Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. By European colonists was carried to Northeast
America, observed by myself in the streets of Newport R. I.
H e l i a n t h u s a n n u u s var. The first “ corona solis ” of Tabernæmontanus ii. 466 — is referred by
Sprengel to “ H. Indicus; ” described by Linnæus mant. p. 117; by Persoon, as hardly a foot high,
and cultivated in Egypt ; observed there in gardens by Ciot-Bey and Figari.*
V e r b a s c u m l y c h n i t i s of middle Europe. The i v h i t e m u l l e i n is termed “ v. album 2 ” by Tabernæmontanus
pl. 564,— “ v. lychnitis flore albo parvo” by C. Bauhin pin. 240, and is known to grow in
calcareous soil from Sweden throughout micldle Europe (Engl. bot. pl. 58, ancl Pers.) : was observed
by Linnæus as far as Scania in Sweden. By European colonists was carried to Northeast America,
occurring according to A. Gray along “ road-sides, Pennsylvania, rare, and sandy fields at the head
of Oneida Lake ; ” according to Muhlenberg, in “ Carolina” (Chapm.)*.
V e r o n i c a a r v e n s i s of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Tabernæmontanus
1089, — and Columna phyt. pl. 8 (Spreng.) ; termed “ alsine veronicæ foliis flosculis cauliculis
adhærentibus ” by C. Bauhin pin. 250, “ v. flosculis adliærentibus ” by Morison ii. 321 (Linn.), and
Tournefort inst. 145 : known to occur in waste and cultivated ground throughout middle Europe
(Oed. Dan. 515, Curt. lond. ii. pl. 2, and Pers.) ; observed by Linnæus, frequent in Sweden; by
Sibthorp, ancl Chaubard, in cultivated ground from Constantinople to Cyprus and the Peloponnesus.
By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, observed in “ cultivated grounds, rather
common” (A. Gray) in our Middle States, and in “ cultivated ground” in our Southern States
(Chapm.).
C r e p i s D i o s c o r i d i s of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. An annual termed “ hieracium
maior” by Tabernæmontanus — (Spreng.), “ h. majus erectum angustifolium caule lævi ” by Tournefort
inst. 469, and “ c. lacera ” by Tenore as observed in Italy (Chaub.) ; known to grow from France
and Germany to Siberia (Persi) ; and observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cultivated ground in
the Peloponnesus and other parts of Greece.
A t h y r i i im f i l i x - f oe m i n a of Northern climates. Called in Britain l a d y f e r n , a translation from
the Latin (Prio r): termed “ fili.x petræa fæmina prima” by Tabernæmontanus pl. 793, — “ f. non
ramosa petiolis tenuissimis et tenuissime dentatis” by Tournefort inst. 537, and known to grow
throughout middle Europe (Moris, iii. 4. pl. 3, Pluk. phyt. pl. 130, Ray angl. iii. 121, and Engl. bot.
pl, 1459) ' ob.served by Linnæus in Lapland and Sweden ; by Sibthorp, in moist shady places in
Greece. Westward, by myself from 47° 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to 40° along the Atlantic ;
by A. Gray, “ common” in central New York ; by Chapman, in “ low shady woods, Florida to Mississippi
; ” by Nuttall, on the Arkansas.
“ 1589 A. D .” (Aist. p. 234), Flenri III. of France assassinated by a monk.
“ 1590 A. D.” (Alst. p. 313), Paris besieged by Henry IV. of France. “ The same y e a r ”
(chron. edit, by Michelant), he appointed the marquis de la Roche governor of the French possessions
in America, from “ Lat. 4° to 52°.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Io. Wigand publishing liis Herb. Boruss., enumerating
G l a u x m a r i t im a .
“ About this time ” (Humb. cosm, ii.), the c o m p o u n d m i c r o s c o p e invented in Holland by Zacharias
Jansen and his father Hans.
A t this time (Winckler), J. Jungermann, nephew of Camerarius, journeying in the East, meeting
with . . . . — He died at Corinth “ in 1591.”
“ 1591 A . D .” (N. Shaw edit. Champí, p. xi), vessels under Chédotel sent by the marquis cle la
Roche to form a settlement in Canada. Arriving at Sable Island, seventeen persons were sent on
shore and abandoned,— who after subsisting “ seven y e a r s ” on fish and “ cattle which they found
wild in considerable numbers,” were brought away by Chédotel ; he receiving half of the “ black fox
skins ” and other property collected. (The cattle according to Champlain were derived from the
wreck of a Spanish ship, see Baron de Lery.)
“ 1592 A. D.” (Purchas, and Holmes), by Juan de Fuca, a Greek in the Spanish service, sailing
along the West coast of America, a strait discovered “ in the forty-eighth degree of north latitude; ”
the same that has received his name.
* H e l i a n t h u s m u l t i f i o r u s o i Northeast America. A slender species of s u n f l o w e r , transported
from “ Virginia,” to Europe (Pers.), is the fourth “ corona so lis ” of Tabernæmontanus ii. 466 —
(Spreng.), is clearly described by Plukenet phyt. 159, Tournefort inst. 489, Linnæus, and Jussieu.
Westward, H. decapetalus (regarded as identical) is figured by Josselyn rar. pl. 62; is known to
grow from Quebec to the Saskatchewan (Hook.) ; was observed by Pursh from Canada to Virginia ;
by myself, throughout New England; by Nuttall, as far as 40° in New Jersey ; by Schweinitz, at 36°
in Upper Carolina; by Elliot, and Chapman, on the mountains of Georgia ; by A. Gray, “ common”
in central New York ; by Short, in Kentucky.
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S .
“ In this year (= 2 o th of wan-ly,” geogr. Chin., and Klapr.), Corea invaded and in great part
conquered by the Japanese under Fide-yosi.
In this year ( = “ 1595— 3 years ” of Barents, Purchas v. iii. 51S), on the North coast of Asia,
Gielhsidi, sometimes visited by sea from Pechora, won by the Russians from the Tartars.
“ ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Adamus Zaluzani publishing his Method, herbar.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Columna in his “ twenty-fifth” year publishing his
Phytobas., enumerating P r im u l a P a l i u u r i f i . 5, S c a b i o s a P a l a e s t i n a pl. 22, C a m p a n u l a g r a m i n i f o l i a
pl. 34, and C e r a s lm i n 7 -ep e iis pl. 31.
S t a c h y s a n n u a of the Tauro-Caspian countries. A weed called in Italy “ herba T u rca ” or “ herba
stregona” sorceress lierb (Targ.), described by Columna phyt. pl. 9 — (Spreng.), and observed
by C. Bauhin pin. 233 already in cultivated ground in central Europe: termed “ betonica arvensis
annua flore ex albo flavescente ” by Tournefort inst. 203, “ betonica annua” by Linnæus, and at the
present day occurring in and about cultivated ground from France to Russia (Jacq. austr. pl. 360,
Pers., and A. Dec.) : observedby Bertoloni in Italy, in one or two instances outside of cultivated
ground ; by Sibthorp, on mount Athos and near Constantinople ; by Bieberstein, in waste places aud
grain-fields in the Crimea; by C. A. Meyer, in cultivated ground on the Talysch mountains. In Britain
“ from 1830 ” has made its appearance in grain-fields in Kent (Engl. bot. pl. 2669, and Bab.).
' 593> June 12th” (Hackl. soc................ ), sailing ot Richard Hawkins. On Saint Annes islands
in Lat. 22 30' off Brazil, he met with p u r s l a n e ; the natives along the coast having canoes carrying
seventy or eighty men. Passing through the Straits of Magellan, he gave the natives “ lamskinne.s,”
and at Coquimbo procured skins of the “ c h i n c h i l l a ” ( . . . . ) .
C a c a l i a K l e i n i i o i Western Hindu.stan .? The c a b b a g e - t r e e of English colonists is called in the
environs of Bombay “ gao-zaban ” (Graham) ; and in this year a branch sent by Garetus to Clusius
(exot. i. 5) : the plant is described also by Dillenius elth. pi. 54, and Linnæus hort. cliff. ; and was
seen by Ciot-Bey in the gardens of Egypt. In its wild state is said to grow on the Canary Islands
(Pers.); but was observed by Gibson, and Graham, in Western Hindustan, “ in high rocky situations”
on the Deccan, “ used in medicine ” by the natives.
A m a r y l l i s f o r m o s i s s im a of Mexico. Roots of the j a c o b c a l i l y procured in this year by Simon
de Tovar from a ship from South America, and sent to Clusius and Bernard Paludanus — (Beckmann)
: the plant is described also by Rudbeck 2 f. ro, and Dillenius elth. pl. 162 ; and continues in
greenhouses; was introduced in 1835 into the environs o f Bombay, and afterwards in 1837 “ from
E g y p t ” (Graham). Westward, according to Descourtilz, has become seemingly wild in the forests
of the Antilles, but came originally from Mexico.
brought from the East Indies by Simon de Tovar and roots sent to Bernard Paludanus, — who p u ?
lishe.l a description in Linschoten’s Voyage (Beckm.) : also as transported to Europe, is described
by Morison ii. pi. 12, and Linnæus, and from Europe was carried to Northeast America, where it has
become a favourite in gardens : was observed by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople ; by him,
Hasselquist, Delile, and Ciot-Bey, in the gardens of Egypt; by myself, in Yemen, the flovvers brought
to market at Mocha ; by Graham, “ common in gardens ” around Bombay ; by Roxburgh in Eastern
Hindustan; by Mason, “ exotic ” in Burmah ; by Rumphius v. pl. 98, in the Malayan archipelago,
enumerated as introduced ; by Blanco, on the Philippines. Seems therefore to have been brougliHi!
the first Sp.anish voyages across the Pacific, and was seen by Ruiz and Pavon iii. 66 wild in P e i? .
“ Dec. 17th” (Haki., and Holmes), Henry May in a f'rench ship wrecked on Bermuda. — A bark
was built of “ cedar ” ( J u n i p e r u s B e r m u d i a n a ) ; and at tlie end of “ nearly five months,” plac.n» on
board “ thirteen live t u r t l e s for provisions,” the party left the island. "
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), arrival of Hernandez in Mexico, meeting with S a / î ’/ « u c t i s i r o i d e s
103, P i p e r g e n i c u l a l u m 126, C o m m e ly n a t u b e r o s a 253, F i c u s c i l r i f o l i a 81-2, T o u n i e f o r l i a b i c o l . t r 292.
C o n v o l v u l u s ( B a t a t a s ) l i t t o r a l i s 256, L o b e l i a a c t im i n a t a 2to, C e r b e r a T h e v e t i a 443, L i s i a n c k u s e .r a l -
b i f i d u m 368, A r i s t o l o c h i a a r b o r e s c e n s 42, C a l o p o g o n p u l c h e l l u s 2S3. A c a l y p h . i c u s p i J a t a 390, A c a c i a
P o t t o r i c e n s i s $ 8 , M im o s a c o t n t g e r a 86, a d M i r a b i l i s l o n g i t l o r a 170. — He rem.iined there “ seven
years uiuill 1600.”
H u r a c r e p i t a n s of the West Indies and neighbouring portions of Tropical America. The s a n d b
o x t r e e , described by Hernandez 88 — and from transported specimens bv Clusius exot. 47 (Spreng.),
and Lmnæus hort. ciiff. pl. 34. Westward, was observed by .-Vublet, and Martius, in Guayana? is
<nown to gi'ow also in the West Indies and Mexico, its milky juice producing “ blindness a few days
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