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626 CHRONOLOGICAL A R R A N G EM E N T
Geum rivale of Northern climates. Called in Britain water-avens (Prior) : the b e n e d I C T u m
tl 1 c u" Peloponnesus and Asia Minor; by Bieberstein, on Caucasus - and bv Cmel- ’
he plant according to Lindley is “ stomachic, and said to be useful ” in dia'rrhoea. '
of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia C + Ile rl in ■Rrîfo,' ^ • u
(Eée), in Germany bibernelli,r ein" G" r«e»ec'e w" i"tht tseven other potherbs “ kaukalithra ” (Fralsl - in w h i r l
we reoe gn.ze the p i p l n e L L i m of a medical formula of the time of Charlemagne, F Y 0 " 7 Î l Y of a proverb quoted by Matthæus Sylvaticus pand. 573, and of Ortus Sanitatis -»6? • P
described by Brunfels i. tSS, Tragu? f. 177, D od oehlY nd cY sa ÏY u s ( Y Y t ) Yval'obYeY^^^^^^
666609" lLa7m ffll . fftr.‘", and’Î YI e"rYs.)". ‘HEa™stw"a' rYd, "w“a sr eoabdsseirdveesd inb yr oFcrkaya sp lafrceeqs uaesn tf aorn a st hDe enhmillas rko f( fAl. ttDicaan 'apnld
Boe ot.a, the young leaves eaten as greens; is known to grow also in the Crimea and Persia fLfedl7
and “ pimpinel a ” is enumerated by Forskal mat. med. as sold in the drug-shops of e Y p 7 o!?
7emo“ s : Y iir " " ' " " f t ™ - f t F Y coY o y :
T l Ï S '! f r f®7 ® f ? ’ Y"ta®;"-®qLte®’« Y ® “ ^«led by EI-Amln, sixth Abbassid khalif.
c a t io n Y s in S a Y ^ Y d S ta®"®"’ '"vochar27YYj77ïYY
«cS:Y7rS ;Y ' _ “ The same year ’’ (art de verif.), Fei-dsio succeeded by his brother Sa-ga, now “ fiftv-second ”
da.ro o Japan™-In h.s re.gn, magnificent temples were erected in various parts of Japan,
emperoi. ' N>®0»horus succeeded by Michael Curopalata, twenty-ninth Byzantine
“ In this year’’ (palm-leaf ann, Jag., and W. W. Hunter), Kamal Kesari succeeded bv Kunchl
Kesan, now king of O n s s a .- He built the temple of Markandeswar in Puri, and r e ig n e d A ig te e t
Y Y t e s Y Y i Y f / " ™ / . p . 3 2 7 ), end ofthe chronicle of Theophanes.
e™p7 4 »cceid p d by Leo V, Armeniio, ,l.;„le,h Byeaetine
r i a t " ft*’" ft®""” ^"ta‘ verif.), El-Amin succeeded by El-Mamun, seventh TIbbassid I-halif
S Y r a t e S r t e “ /efp ’ """* " " “ """^^®ft '*‘®"™""® ™'®"®®' ^oins issued
emp7 Y o fF r 7 !e7 nd‘'G7 L 7 Y '^ ' "'”"ta‘® --Sne succeeded by his son Louis (Ludovicus Pius) as
HincSsTaY ‘"*’'®®’ ‘’'’■'anas, and Bentl.), Gambhira reigning in
h W ""ft ft"*"°* ™ *^°"’®’ ^®° ^"®®®®ft®‘‘ 0 Stephanus V., thirty-third archbe
* * ' ft’® declination observed by khalif El-Mamun to
archbisrtp^’ ""ft "*'"°* ft'°'” ®’ Step'rtnus V. succeeded by Paschalis, thirty-fourth
by the^e^Yratefe! KiYtate.ft“ ""“ ” ^ ' 0 ’ " "’"1® Ghina and the countries around constructed
the d“is8t1ri9c tA a. rDou.n” d( BBlaabiry)l onu n; daenr dt hfeo udnirde ctoti obne o“f 5k6h! aAlirfa Ebila-Mn ammiluens,” a degree of Latitude mmeeaasstuirreecdl in
Trtchiha emetica of Tropical Africa and Arabia. A large tree called in Yemen “ ml--, ” in wlfirh
we recognize t e “jawz elrnka” of Ebn Elhaitham, - Abd Elrahman, Abu t e li f a Y l / t ’ e 7 s Y
t!'e"eV rf"ruu7it Ssold ifnn temtaerrkkeet} aTnd Emix Aed w Tith 'oEdorAifero us substances fbtye qwuoemnte non f othr ew masohuinnt»a inth?e o hf eYaedm ethipe
sSeYncegt^eall (A. de Jeuss.,e and IL°fmt ddTl.)Y. " TThe "“" d°j'o"u«z" "e™lka i ” of thPeS tSoc-ah. arhW eelsmtwoaurddji, zi si sk rneofwernr etdo ghreor’ew biny
OF A C COM PA N Y ING A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S. 627
Forskal ; and the “ jawz elkai ” of Ebn Elhatm, Hobaish, Rhazes, and Ebn Baitar, described by Edrisi
as a tree growing throughout middle Yemen, may therefore be compared.
“ 820 A.^ D .” (Alst. p. 370), the haughtiness of the clergy opposed by the emperor Ludovicus Pius ;
and by his direction, the Scriptures translated into German.
Erzea (Catluna) vulgaris of middle Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain
ling ox heath ox heather ox hatherfim Anglo-Saxon “ hæth,” in German “ heide ” in Dani.sh “ ly n g ”
(Prior), in French “ bruyère” (Nugent), by the Turks “ funda” (Sibth.), and mentioned in the Nie-
belungen-Lied, — also by Braunsweig distill, f. 68 (Spreng.), and termed “ e. vulgaris glabra” by Tournefort
mst. 602 ; known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. dan, pl, 627 and Pers ) •
was observed by Sibthorp around Constantinople. By European colonists was carried to Northeast
AMmererriimcaa,c w. here it has been found in certain limited spots, in Newfoundland, and in Tewksbury on the
and Inno wth kisi nyge aorf (C=e y5l4o3n .B. C. — “ year 1362” in Mahavams. liv.), accession of Matwalesen, a poet
“ 821 A. D = ‘ tchang-tsing’ ist year of Mou-tsoung, of the T h an g” or Fifteenth dynasty (Chinese
chron. table). A treaty of peace between Mou-tsoung and the king of Thibet is extant
inscribed on marble at Lassa — (Pauth. p. 325). ’
“ The same year” (A lst.), Leo V. succeeded by Michael II. Balbus, thirty-first Byzantine emperor. E T tt’Oy- et mem. iv. 15), founding of the city of Colam or Coylang on the coast
of Southern Hmdustan ; marking an E ra which continues in use among the inhabitants of Malabar
“ 823 A. D .” (Blair), Crete captured by the Muslims of Spain, and by them called “ Candia.”
km, g “ofT hMe esxaimcoe. year” ( = 771 - f cycle of 52 yrs., Clavig. ii,), accession of Totép"e ub,’ fourth Toltec
PsMium guayava of Mexico and Central America. The tree indigenous in Mexico —
according to Hernandez thes 85 ; was observed by Cieza de Leon xxvii to Ixvi from the Cauca to
Lower Peru ; by myself, exotic in Peru. The “ guayaba ” is mentioned by Oviedo nat. hyst. 64, and
according to J. Acosta was introduced into Hayti “ after the arrival o fth e Spaniards,” and became
naturalized there; according to Monardes iii. 5, was “ brought from Tierra Firme ; ” and is regarded
y Marcgraf 104 as introduced by Europeans into Brazil, a point confirmed by my own observation.
By European colonists also, was carried Westward across the Pacific to the Philippines, where it has
become abundant throughout, and is called in Tagalo “ guyabas” or “ bay abas ” (B lanco); to the
Moluccas, termed “ cujavus ” and “ gujavus agrestis” by Rumphius i. pi. 40, observed both cultivated
and spnngmg up spontaneously; to China before 1636, observed by Boymius fl. sin. (Spren».) ; to
aT’i I " ’ 5 ró®'® (T /fo e ) ; to Burmah (Mason) ; to Hindustan, observed by Rheede iih pl. 35
in Malabar, according to Drury called there “ malacka pela.” in Bengalee “ lal-peyara,” in Hindustanee
lal sufrían, and var. pyriferum, in Malab.ar “ pela,” in Bengalee “ peyara,” in Hindustanee
soopæriam ; by Graham, “ in gardens every where ” in the environs of Bombay, by myself under
cul ivation there, and naturalized on Zanzibar; to the Mauritius Islands, cultivated and nearly naturalized
(Boj,, and A. D ec.) ; to Western Equatorial Africa (Benth. fl. nigr.) ; and subsequent
to the visit of Forster to Talieiti, where it has oveiTun the more fertile portion of the island to the
Hawaiian and Feejeean Islands, found under cultivation by our Expedition. According to Ciot-Bey
r . guayava has been recently introduced and successfully cultivated in Egypt.
ManIany enthsaisn , yenaorw ( kin8g2 0o f- j-C ey3l o>ne. ars reign ” of the Mahavams. liv.), Matwalesen succeeded by
archbifoYp"^ N ico l), at Rome, Paschalis succeeded by Eugenius II., thirty-fifth
oSiiuimn wYa*, '"no "w“ d™ai.«r®o "otaf (J=ap aHn.8 4th of Synmu,” art de verif.), Sa-gas ucceeded byj his jy ounoger brother
nese'chY .Y tabier*ft"°ftft’ ft""' ‘"® ” O'- Fifteenth d y n a sty -(C h i-
( C o T T te ‘".®,«®‘®ta ” ( F y " - Vischer, and Gildem.), eras of Calicut and “ Kaulam”
of the KKreer.a1l ian k1 ing"sta "atankd ‘ hae c donatvee rotf tpor ijvMiloelgiaems mgreadnatneids mto. thosec ities byC haruman Perumal, the last
£»vi)t''7 T i E ‘rófrica. “ In or about this year ” the “ abdallawi ” introduced into
thi 1 t e i f te fta e y , quoted by Ebn Khilcan, and Ebn Ayyas), and a well-known fact:
A»ap C rete./ I " i f Y " ' -' "'’’ '®*’ "'® ''ecognire the “ aggouria ” of Simeon Setlius, and
eAnhdi inaunsd nml - i t e 1 .' i i" ’’®®'”f ®“” ®ft« Lgypt, and is mentioned by Abd-allatif, enu, and miglI ift ’bl e termed ’ Lehle, and Lane. The fruit is like a cucumber,. but is rp- ointed at eacv-h.i
bisho1 ifootf SK»onm”^e , am' (iNouiciioclm.)g, ath esy cnoondv earts ioInn goefl hHeiamr.o ld Apmrinbcaes soafd oDrse nwmearrek .r”eceived from the arch-
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