bergs, “ and abundance of snow, frost, and w h a l e s , and called a small place Ire found the Duke of
York’s Island. Thus he came into the ” Atlantic by “ a new way, and made it appear that the land ”
on the East side of the Strait of Le Maire was insular, and “ not joined to any continent.”
“ i 58i, March 4th ” (Proud i. 171 to 187, and Plolmes), a charter granted by Charles II. to William
Penn, for a new province named “ Pennsylvania.” After “ July n th ,” three ships sailed with
colonists : and some of these arriving in the Delaware, commenced a settlement above the confluence
with the Schuylkill.
“ 1682 A. D.” (Proud i. 196, and Holmes), the right and interest of the Duke of York in the territory
on the West side of Delaware Bay, procured by William Penn: who on “ Oct. 24th ” landed at
Newcastle. — The origin of the State of Delaware.
The banks o fth e Delaware already inhabited by “ three thousand” colonists. Swedes, Dutch,
Finlanders, and English (Chaim, i. 643). Proceeding to Upland (Chester), William Penn called an
assembly “ Dec. 4th ; ” the foreigners were naturalized, and the body of laws brought by him were
formally adopted. After making a treaty with the natives, and purchasing territory, Penn proceeded
with a surveyor to lay out above the confluence with the Schuylkill, hjs projected city of “ Philadelphia.”
The first settlers were generally Quakers, who had suffered persecution : — ancl within
less than a year, “ eighty houses ancl cottages ” were built (Proud, Chaim., ancl Holmes).
“ The same year ” (Charlev., and Holmes), M. de la Sale descending the Mississippi to the sea,
formally took possession of all the country watered by that river, and in honour of Louis X IV . named
it “ Louisiana.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl), George Wheeler publishing his Travels in Greece, enumerating
H y p e r i c n m O l y n i p i c u m 222.
“ In this y e a r ” (append. Sibth., and Spreng.), Chr. Mentzel publishing his Pugill. rar. plant.,
enumerating C e > i t u n c u lu s m i n im u s pl. 7, S i l e n e c h l o r a n t h a pl. 2. f. t, M a s s o n i a l a t i f o l i a pl. 13. f. 4,
V e l t h c im i a v i r i d i f l o r a pl. 13. f. 5, O r n i t h o g a l u m a l t i s s im u m pl. 13. f. 2, H e l i a n t h e m u m A p p e n i n u m
pl. 8. f. 3. — He died “ in 1701,” and his Lex. was published “ in 1715.”
In this year (see Spreng.), Morison writing the third volume of his Hist p lan t, enumerating Z i z i -
f h o r a t h y m o ia e s iii. 11, p l 19. f. 5, S a l v i a c o l o r a t a iii. 11. 16. f. ult., X. l y r a t a iii. 11. 13. 27, X. u r t i c a e -
f u h a iii. I I . 13. 51, X. I n d i c a iii. 11. 13. f. i6, F e d i a m i x t a iii, 7. 16. 35, F . d i s c o i d e a iii. 7. 16. f. 29,
M é l i c a s p e c i o s a iii. 8. 7. 51, C h l o r i s r a d i a t a lii. S. 3. 15, E r a g j ' o s t i s r i g i d a iii. 8. 2, 9, F e s t u c a l o l ia c e a
iii. 8. 2. 2, F . c a e s p i t o s a iii. 8. 7. 19, B r o m u s a s p e r iii. 8. 7. f. 27, B . M a d r i t e n s i s iii. 8. 7. f. 13, T r i t i c
u n i t e n e l l u m iii. 8. 2. 3, L o l i u m a r v e n s e iii. 8. 2. i, H o r d e u m m a r i t im u m iii. 8. 6. 5, C e p h a l a r i a
T r a n s y l v a n i c a iii. 6. 13. 13, P l a n t a g o s t r i c t a iii. 8. 17. 2, O m p h a l o d e s l i n i f o l i a iii. 11. 30. u , E l l i s i a
n y c t e l a e a iii. i i . 28. 3, C y n a n c h u m h i r s u t u m iii. 15. 3. 61, G e n t i a n a s a p o n a r i a iii. i. 5. 4, E r y n g i u m
c o e r u l e u m iii. 7. 37, 13, J u n c u s s u b v e r t i c i l l a t u s iii. 8. 9. 4, J . l a m p o c a r p u s iii. 8. 9. 2, S a x i f r a g a
p u n c t a t a iii. 12. 9. 17, T h a l i c t r u m r u g o s u m iii. 9. 20. f. 3, T . C a l a b r i c u m iii. 9. 20. f. 16, T e u c r i u m
N i s s o l i a n u m iii, 11. 22. ig, C l e o n ia L u s i t a n i c a iii, 11. 5. 4, S c o r z o n e r a l a n a . a iii, 7. 6. 1 7 , L i a t r i s
s q u a r r o s a iii. 7. 27. lo, S e r r a t i l l a c y n a r o i d e s iii. 7. 25. 2, C a r t h a m u s T i n g i t a n u s iii. 7. 34, 19, B i d a i s
f r o n d o s a iii. 6. 5. 21, G n a p h a l i u m p o l y c e p h a l u m iii. 7. 10, ig, X e r a n t h e m u m c y l i n d r i c u m iii. 6. 12. i,
C o n y z a c i n e r e a iii. 7. 17. 7, H e l i a n t h u s a l t i s s im u s iii. 6. 7. 67, H . d i v a r i c a t u s iii. 6. 7. f. 66, R u d b e c k i a
d i g i t a t a iii. 6. 6. 54, S i l p h i u m t r i f o l i a t u m iii. 6. 3. 6 8 , A r i s t o l c h ia a n g u i c i d a iii. 12. 17. 7, A m b r o s i a
t r i j i d a iii. 6. 1. 4, B o t r y c h i u m m a t r i c a r i o i d e s iii. 14. 5. 26, P o l y p o d i u m i n c a n u m iii. 14. 2. 5, A s p l e n
i u m p o l y p o d i o i d e s iii. 14. 2. f. I2, A . a n g u s t i f o l i n m iii. 14. 2. 25, F u c u s a r t i c u l a t u s iii. 15. 8. f. 6,
L i i t o r e l l a l a c u s t r i s iii. 8. pi. 9,* C a m p t o s o r u s r h i z o p h y l l u s iii. 14. 5. f, 14, A s p l e n i u m e b e n e u m ill 14.
* H e l i o t r o p i u m C u r a s s a v i c u m of the seashore of Tropical and Subtropical America. A prostrate
annual, transported to Europe, described by Morison xi. pl. 31, — Plukenet aim. pl. 36, and has
become naturalized near Montpelier, Narbonne, Collioure, and Cette (Treviran., Martins, and A. Dec.).
Westward, is known to grow near Norfolk (A. Gray); has been observed by myself from Lat. 39, wild
on the seashore of the Delaware peninsula ; by Elliot, near salt water in South Carolina; by Chapman,
“ Florida to North Carolina; ” by Nuttall, on the Missouri, and along Salt river of Arkansas ;
by E. James, on salines along the Platte ; according to Torrey, grows at Key West ; according to
Kunth, on salines near Mexico, and along the Pacific as far as Truxillo and Callao.
C y n o g l o s s u m M o r i s o n i of Northeast America. A branching herb, transported to Europe,
described by Morison iii. 11. pl. 30, — and Linnæus. Westward, observed by niyself from 42° 30'
along the Atlantic, growing in the forest ; by A. Gray, “ copses, common ” in central New York ; by
Pursh, in Virginia and Carolina ; by Elliot, and Chapman, “ in the upper districts of South Carolina.”
P u lm o n a r i a {M e r t e n s i a ) V i r g i n i c a of the Ohio and its tributaries. The A m e r i c a n l u n g w o r t ,
transported to Europe, is described by Morison iii, 444, — Plukenet aim. pl, 227 (Linn.), ancl Roth ;
and escaping from cultivation, has been found in Britain on ruins near Netley abbey (Nicholls,
ill
2. f. 12, W o o d w a r d i a o n o c l e o id e s , C a c a l i a a t r i p l i c i f o l i a iii. 7. 15. 7, P o l y m n i a u v e d a l i a iii. 6. 7. f. 55,
C y p r i p e d i u m p u b e s c e n s iii. 12. 11. f. 15, H y d r o p h y l l u m V i r g i n i c u m iii. 51. i. f. i, J u n c u s n o d o s u s iii.
8. 9. f. 15, M o n o t r o p a u n i f l o r a iii. 12. 16. f. 5, P y c n a n t h e m u m V i r g i n i c u m iii. 11. 7. f. 8 , P . a r i s t a t u m
iii. I I . 8. f. ult., H y s s o p u s { L o p h a n t h u s ) n e p e t o id e s iii. 11. 4. f. 11, S c u t e l l a r i a l a t e r i f l o r a iii. p. 416,
E u p a t o r i u m a r o m a t i c u m iii. p. 98, G n a p h a l i u m p u r p u r e u m iii. p. 92, A s t e r I t n i f o h u s iii. p. 121, I v a
f r u t e s c e n s iii. p. 90, P h l o m i s l e o n i t i s iii. p. 383.— He died “ in 1683,” and the volume was published
by Bobart “ in 1699.”
T h a l i c t r u m a l p i n u m of Subarctic Europe and Asia. Described by Morison iii. 9. pi. 20. f —
( . . . . ) , and known lo grow from Lapland and Finland to Ireland and Wales (fl. Dan. pl. 11, Engl,
bot. pl. 262, and Wats.), also on the Pyrenees, throughout the Swiss Alps (A. Dec.), on Caucasus
and in Northern Asia as far as the Altaian mountains (Ledeb.). Westward, according to Torrey and
Gray fl. i. 39, grows on Newfoundland and in Canada.
V a l e r i a n a { C e n t r a n t h u s ) c a l c i t r a p a of the Mediterranean countries. Described by Morison iii.
7. pl. 14, — termed “ v. foliis calcitrapæ, etiam v. lusitanica latifolia annua laciniata” by Tournefort
inst. 132, and known to grow in Barbary, Portugal (Pers.), and France (Dec, fl. fr.) : observed by
Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cultivated ground in the Peloponnesus. In Britain, after maintaining
itself fifty years near Eltham, is regarded by Watson as not completely naturalized (A. Dec.).
S o l a n u m H e r m a n n i of Austral Africa. Transported to Europe and described by Morison iii.
p l I, the berries which are black inducing according to Hermann hort. lugd. 574 headache, torpor,
furor and even death — (Spreng.): termed “ s. pomiferum frutescens africanum spinosum nigricans
borraginis fiore foliis profunde laciniatis ” by Tournefort inst. 149 ; was observed by Sibthorp growing
spontaneously in Sicily ; and has become naturalized in Greece (Heldr.), Italy, Sardinia, Majorca,
Portugal, around Cadiz where it is called “ tomates del diablo,” and around Tangier in Morocco
(Bertoi, Dun., Reuter, and A. Dec.).
O p h r y s l u t e a of the Mediterranean countries. Described by Morison iii. 12. 13. f. 15 — (Spreng.) ;
termed “ o. Cretica maxima” by Tournefort trav. p l 37 ; and observed by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus.
Westward, by Decandolle fl, in F rance; by Cavanilles, in Spain; and by Brotero, in
Portugal
O p h r y s s c o l o p a x of the Mediterranean countries. Described by Morison iii. 12. 13. 11 —
(Spreng.) ; observed by Cavanilles ii. pl. 161 in Spain ; known to grow in Southwestern Fiance, and
observed by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus.
C a r e x r i p a r i a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A large subaquatic sedge described
by Morison iii. 8. 12. 9— (Spreng.) ; termed “ cyperoides latifolium spica rufa sive caule triangulo”
by Tournefort inst. 529; and known to grow throughout middle Europe (Micheli pl. 32, Pers., and
Curt. lond. iv. p l 60) : observed by Sibthorp frequent in watery places from the Peloponnesus to
Constantinople.
Bromf., and A. Dec.). Westward, according to A. Gray, grows on “ alluvial banks, Western New
York to Wisconsin, Virginia, Kentucky, and southward ; ” was observed by Michaux on the Alleghanies
of Carolina; by Chapman, “ along mountain streams. South Carolina to T en n e s se e ;” by
Beck, in Illinois ; and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas.
P t e r i s l o n g i f o l i a of Mexico and the West Indies. A fern, transported to Europe, described by
Morison iii. p. 568, — and Ray suppl. 65 (Linn. sp. p l ) ; and naturalized on the isle of Ischia in the
Bay of Naples (Tenore). Westward, observed by Plumier am. pl. iS in the West Indies; grows
according to Chapman, on “ Key West ” at the Southern extreme of Florida ; is known to grow also
in Mexico (A. Dec.).
A s p i d i u m c r i s t a t u m of Northern Climates. A fern described by Morison iii. 14. 3. f. r, — and
Plukenet phyt. 181. f. 2 (Linn. sp. t y f i ) ; known to grow throughout middle Europe (Engl. bot. pl.
2125); and observed by Sibthorp from Boeotia to Constantinople. Westward, grows according to
Hooker as far as tlie Saskatchewan; received by Swartz from Pennsylvania; observed by A. Gray
“ common ” in central New York ; by myself, in swampy ground from 43° to 40° along the Atlantic.
B r o m u s s e c a l i n u s of middle and Northern Europe. A coarse grass described by Morison iii. 8.
pl. 7 — (Spreng,), and Linnæus; and known to occur as a weed in middle Europe (Weigel, Huds.,
Lam., and P e r s ) . By European colonists, unintentionally carried to Northeast America, where it
continues in waste ground but chiefly in grain-fields, and is called c h e a t .
P a n i c u m l a t i f o l i u m of Northeast America. A reedy grass, transported to Europe, described
by Morison iii. 8. pl 5, — and Linnæus. Westward, observed by myself from 46° on the St. Lawrence
to 40° along the Atlantic ; by A. Gray, in “ moist thickets, common ” in central New York ; by
Schweinitz, at 36° in Upper Carolina ; by Beck, on the Mississippi near St. Louis ; and by Nuttall,
on the Arkansas.
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