“ sarh ” or “ sSrh ” or “ sghr ” to brush, sweep; “ s a t ” or “ s e t ” tail; “ sgp e ” celerity;
“ aas ” slap ; “ aas ” dishonour ; — in Greek “ sairb ” or “ sarod ” to sweep, “ saros ” broom ;
in Latin “ sario ” to weed, hoe, / harrow. The character occurs under the Third dynasty (Leps.
occurs under the Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pl. 22 and 97).
the Fourth dynasty (Leps. cl. ii. pi. 23, and k. pl. 7).
d. ii. pi. 5), A second form
A tiiird form occurs also under
th hard, the Greek theta, its pervading meaning through.
0 bird-trap closed ; “ egtliai ” or “ gthai 1’ or “ gath ” or “ gathai ” or “ hath ” or “ hthai ” thick,
thickness, fat; — in Hebrew the ninth letter “ thyd,” by some regarded as meaning rolled together,
“ thwë ” to roll together or envelope ; in Greek tlie eighth letter “ thêta ” denoting nine; in English
“ thick.” The character occurs from the Fourth dynasty to tlTs Ptolemies (Leps. d. ii. pl. 19, 98, and
k. pl. 6 to 56) : and seems the origin of the later form 0 of the Greek letter “ thêta.”
bird-trap taken from the ground and carried away (comjrare Amos iii. 5) ; “ athah ” or “ hia-
thah ” burden, carrying a burden ; — in English “ thin.” The character occurs in the Book of
the Dead .xviii. 21.
(eagle with crooked beak signifying old and perishing of hunger ; the beak becoming crooked
in old age until the bird dies of hunger, Horap. ii. 91) ; “ ëthvë ” on account o f; “ a t ” or
“ ath ” without ; “ ath-ôuôm ” fasting ; “ thôhthëh ” necessity ; — in Hebrew “ thwd ” fasting, “ thwsh ”
to dart upon prey. The character occurs as early as the “ Sixth ” dynasty (Leps. k. pl. 6 to 35).
“ th ô t” to think, be of opinion; “ thôt-hêt” to be confident, consoled ; “ thno ” or “ thnno ”
_ to pound, “ thneu ” or “ thnneu triturated, trite ; “ athër ” hammer, “ athër ” hammer for
breaking stone ; “ tharmi ” mallet or club ; — in English “ To cudgel one’s brains.” The character
occurs from the Fourth dynasty to the Twentieth (Leps. d. ii. pl. 2, iii. pl. 61, 204, 239, and Champ,
gram. 103).
“ theou ” wind ; “ thôu-rës ” South wind ; “ nthë ” oration, discourse ; — in Greek “ thëôria,”
.7 ^ 0 in English “ theory.” The character occurs as early as the . . . . dynasty (tablet Brit. mus.
574, Buns, and Birch).
“ thrans ” or “ thraps ” awl, shoemaker’s aw l; “ tshtheout” pricking or puncture, hindered; —
“ thgkthdk” marking with points or tattooing; in English “ thorn.” p; The character occurs as
occurs f early as the Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pl. 29). The modification also under the
Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pl. 27, 22).
“ mntop” or “ man-th6rp” needle; “ thgrp ” or “ thbrp” to sew, sew together; “ tshthfid”
“ tshthSt” thread ; “ thSd” little cords, fringe. „ — The character occurs as early as the Fourth
dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pl. 8). A second form (/ occurs under the . . . . dynasty (Rosellin. mon
Ixiv. 4).
1111 ITI I j IP “ thme ” or “ thdm ” m a t ; “ thorn ” wicker carpet or covering ; “ thom ” or “ th6m ” ihffp
tl I I IB: closure or wall ; “ thvib ” garment, covering ; “ tshthen ” tunic; “ thouraji ” sacred cloak.
— The character occurs under ti.e Third dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pl. 3). A possible modification -iii-PP
occurs under the Twelfth dynasty (Burton excerpt, hierogl. 26, Champ, diet. 25 and 274, and Leps. d.
ii. pl. 131).
^ (mouse “ mun ” signifying disappearance and destruction ; for the animal corrodes, pollutes,
and renders everything useless, Horap. i. 47); “ thb6lS” or “ th o le ” or “ hoolS ” or “ h o lS ”
or “ h o li” cloth-moth ; “ thblSv” stain, pollution, to be defiled; “ s6 s ” to subvert, “ s o s ” to destroy;
— in Hebrew “ s s ,” in Greek “ ses ” cloth-moth. The characler occurs as early as the . . . . dynasty
(Champ, diet. 185 and 186, Rosell. m. civ, 77, and sarc. Brit, mus.).
One or more species of cloth-inoih therefore known in Egypt at the time of the invention of
writing. — In Palestine, the “ ish ” is mentioned in Psalm xxxix. 11, Hosea v. 12; and garments
eaten by the “ ish,” in Job xiii, 28, and Isaiah li. 8: the “ ss ” is distinguished and separately men-
tioned.in Isaiah li, 8 ; and the name is continued in the Greek “ ses,” mentioned in Matthew vi. 19,
Luke xii. 33, and as eating garments, in James v. 2. In Greece, the “ ses that eats garments ” is
mentioned by Aristotle, Tlieophrastus, and Menander: and in Italy, the “ tin e a ” is mentioned by
Plautus cistell. i. 73, and Pliny xi. 41 and xxvii, 28. Three species of cloth-moth are distinguished
by naturalists. Tinea tapetzella, T. pelionella, and T. sarcitella (J. F. U. in Kitt. cycl. bibl.). By
European colonists, one of these was carried to Northeast America, where it has extensively multiplied,
“ thok ” or “ thbk ” razor ; “ th6 ” like unto, “ thu ” as ; “ thgt-het ” or “ thethet ” to argue, persuade
; “ thgrtsbS” to argue, blame; “ th6m ” to be sharpened, hardened, blinded; “ thnS ” or
“ thno ” to hire, “ thno ” wages. — The character occurs as early as the Fonrlh dynasty (Leps, d. ii.
pl. 15).
0 0 k (shark or dogfish or Silurus “ gnuthrSn galSon ” signifying insatiable, disgorging and swal-
Mwing again, Horap. ii. 104); “ th a g i” or “ thigi ” drunkenness ; — in Eingii.sh “ to drink
like a fish.” The character occurs from the Twenty-third to the Twenty-sixth dynasty (Leps. d. iii.
pl. 259). A possible modification
(Leps.iii.pl.and
occurs from the Nineteenth dynasty to the Twenty-second
ITS. d. 111. pi. 123, 254, aiiu (.J Rosellin. mon. stor. iii. p. 263).
In regard to Horapollo’s statement, that the “ ënuthrôn galëôn ” produces young from its mouth,
some of the Siluridæ are known to carry their ova within the cavity of the mouth. _ ^
Eg “ anthous'” house lizard or g e ck o ; “ thoi thoi ” variegated, spotted; “ thoi b la 0
„ = 3 V l P m a r k on the fa c e ; “ th o i” or “ thôi ” freckle or natural blemish; “ thoMhou ’ to be
warty, infested with warts ; “ tshthouit” calumny, false accusation ; “ th a v ” leaven ; “ thoh ^ J
“ thôt ” mixed -, “ thët ” or “ thôt ” mixture ; “ thôou ” heap ; — in Hebrew “ thvc calumny, thlwa
spotted, “ Ithaë ” house lizard ; in English “ thatch.” The character occurs from the Third dynasty
to the Ptolemies (Leps. d, ii. pl. 3, and k. pl. 27 to 57). , , , . .
The house i L r d or gecko is well known in Egypt. - The “ ithaë ” is mentioned m Leviticus xi.
20 • and the “ shmmyd ” that “ taketh hold with her hands and is in kings palaces (Prov xxx 2 0 ,
translated “ kalavôtës ” in the Septuagint, is admitted to be the house hzarà Farther Noith, the
“ skalavôtês ” or “ askalavôtës ” is mentioned by Aristophanes nub. T70, and Aristotle animal ix. 29
as inhabiting Greece : the “ stellio” by Pliny viii. 49 and xxx, 27 as- inliabiting Italy and Sicily, im-
Dorted besides in the prepared state for medicinal use. - v , „
/ “ tshthëh ” street ; “ tho ” throng, multitude, all the world ; “ tshtham obstruction ; t j u J
J l r or “ thouet” or “ thôuôt ” or “ thôôud” to congregate; “ th o h ” or “ thôh ” or “ thôg ^ or
“ thoix” or “ thëgthôg” or “ thëgthôg ” to disturb, make disturbance; “ thooiri or ‘ tho an
evil m-eat eril ; “ thôtë” fear; “ s thë rtër” tremor, to tremble ; “ sthërtër ” or “ thrtsho” to ternfy^;
“ ëtliautsh ” Ethiopia, “ ëthôtsh ” or “ ëthotsh ” Ethiopian,— in Greek “ aithiops,” in Latin “ aethiops,
in English Ethiopian. The character occurs in the Book of the Dead vii. 15. The “ ônokëntauros
o f the Greeks, may also be compared. _ , „ - , v r „ 1 1 .
(armed man shooting arrows signifying a tumult, Plorap. 11. 11) ; sothnëf a bowshot;
“ tshthôrtër” or “ tshthërthôr ” tumult, sedition, to trouble, disturb ; “ thëd to rebel ; tha-
teu ” or “ hatëu ” or “ sara-theou ” tempest, storm ; “ thi ” or “ thio ” or “ thieu ” to overthrow,
c aR T to fall. - The character occurs from the Fourth dynasty to the Ptolemies (Leps. d. 11. pl. 19,
\ fu n d B d tm x of Arabia. Called in English reed or cane, in French “ roseau ” o r “ canne ” (Nu-
vent), in German “ pfeilrohr ” (Fraas) or “ pfahlrohr,” in Italy “ canna montana or canna dmnes-
tica (Lenz), in Greece “ kalamos ” (Sibth.), in Egypt and Yemen “ kasab (For.sk and Del,), and
probably furnishing the arrows in use at the time of the invention of writing : - Nubian archers with
arrows are figured at Gizeh under the Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. 11. pl. 19) ;_ somewhat later arrows of
both Nubians and Egyptians are marked at intervals like joints (Rosellin. 11. pl. 117 and 118), and
there is no evidence of subsequent change in the material; the arrows too of the Asiatic stran^rs at
Benihassan under the Twelfth dynasty seem also from the reed : the Eastern wor d to the days of
Pliny was ooverned by the arrow, rain and windy weather interfering with battles and sometimes compelling
peace, the plant being extensively cultivated in E g yp t; arrows continued in use as late as
the visit of Baumgarten i. 6, but change in the mode of warfare leading to neglect of mdtiyalion the
reed became rare, was seen however by Forskal p. 24 in ditches at Rosetta; by Delile, planted foi
garden hedoes. Farther North, the “ thonax” or reed-arrow is mentioned by Homer il, xi. 583 ; the
M a lam o s ’’"producing an-ows, by Theophrastus, and Dioscorides; the “ arundinetum,” by C a t^ i . 3,
and Columella, and the superior quality of the “ calamus” arrows grown m Italy, by-Phny xvi. 65 ; A.
donax is described by C. Bauhin theatr.pl, 271,1s termed “ a. sativa quae donax Dioscoridis by
Tournefort inst. 526; was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, under cMtivat.o^
as well as seemingly wild in wet situations from the Peloponnesus to the Dardanelles ; by Lenz, cultivated
and seemingly wild in Italy ; by Forskal, near Marseilles; is known to occur m Carniolia
and Barbary (Pers.) ; and judging from importations, is largely cultivated at present for fishing-rods.
Southward from Egypt, was observed by Forskal in inundated places and along streams in Yemen,
its probable place of origin.
“ thôôui ” or “ tôôuë ” slippers ; “ thivs ” heel ; “ thôls ” to trample ; t-liëmko or t-
hmko ” or “ thmko ” or “ hëmkô ” to oppress, tyrannize ; “ sthëtôn ” oppressor ; “ thaeu ” or
“ thaieu ” or “ taëiëu ” or “ taiëiëu ” or “ taië ” or “ taieu ” or “ taiëôut ” illustrious, honourable,
nmsAhonourable ; “ taiëië ” or “ taanë ” or “ faia ” or “ taië ” or “ taiô ” honour, praise, to honour;
“ t h l 5 m ” o r “ t h l ô m ” fu r i - ow , trench. — The character occurs from the Fourth dynasty to the lenth,
sometimes only one slipper represented (Leps. d. ii. pl. 98, iS°. H8,_and Champ, diet. 288).^^
6 “ th ëvi” sharp stake or grave-stone; “ thulos ” column ; “ thouod j)illar oi stela, thax or
“ thoux” or “ thoks ” or “ tôks ” to drive in or infix; “ thoums” or “ thorns” or “ thôms” to bury;
“ thal ” or “ thël ” hill, mound ; “ th va ” mound or tomb. — The character occurs from the Third dynasty
and the Book of the Dead to the end of hieroglyphic writing, usually in the horizontal position
(Leps. d. ii. pl. 2, and k. pl. to to 66).
A
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