C a r e x f l a c c a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Morison iii. 8. 12. f. 14
— (Spreng.), Schreber, and Schkuhr 117. t. O. f. S7 ; termed “ c. glauca ” by Scopoli as observed
in Carniolia, “ c. recurva ” by Hudson ; known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe
(fi. Dan. pl. T051, Engl. bot. pl. 1506, and Pers.) ; observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the
subalpine portion of the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. Westward, was observed by Collins, and
Knieskern, in the “ marshes of New Jersey, near the coast ” (J. Carey), “ Cape May ” according to
T orrey; by Curtis, in “ marshes, Alabama to North Carolina” (Chapin.).
C a r e x s y l v a t i c a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A woodland sedge described by
Morison iii. 8. 12. 18— (Spreng.); termed “ cyperoides .sylvarum tenuius spicatum” by Tournefort
inst. 530 ; and known to grow from Sweden to the Mediterranean : observed by Decandolle in France ;
by Sibthorp, in woods in the environs of Constantinople.
C a r e x c a p i t a t a of the Arctic region and alpine summits farther South. Described by Morison
iii. 8. 12. f. 6, — and Schkuhr 80; observed by Linnæns in Lapland and Norway; and known to
grovv in the alpine portion of Switzerland (A. Dec.). Westward, was observed by Hooker on
Iceland; by Robbins and Oakes, on the alpine summits of the White mountains of New England
(A. Gray).
C a r e x d i s t a n s of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Morison iii. S. 12.
18— (Spreng.) : termed “ cyperoides spicis parvis longe distantibus ” by Tournefort inst. 530; and
known to grovv from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan pl. 1049, Engl, bo t pl. 1234, and
Pers.) : observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent In marshes in the Peloponnesus.
F e s t u c a e l a t i o r of Northern Europe and Asia. Described by Morison iii. 8. pl, 2 ,— and Linnæus
; termed “ gramen paniculatum arundinaceum spica niultiplici ” by Tournefort inst. 523 ; and
known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Sweden and Iceland (Pers., Curt,
lond. vi. pl. 7, Hook., and W ats .). Farther East, observed by Sibthorp in the environs of Constantinople;
by Bieberstein, along the Taurian mountains; and by Gmelin in Siberia (Spreng.). By
European colonists, carried to Northeast America, where it has become naturalized in our Northern
States, occurring not only in grass-grown clearings, but in wild situations within the border of the
forest.
A l o p e c u r u s p r a t e n s i s of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Morison iii.
8. pl. 4 — (Spreng.), and Linnæus; termed “ gramen spicatum spica cylindracea longioribus villis
donata” by Tournefort inst. 520 ; knovvn to grow throughout middle Europe, and in Britain called
f o x t a i l g r a s s (Pers., Weinm , Curt. lond. v. pl. 5, and Prior) : farther East, observed by Sibthorp
growing around Athens and on Cyprus. By European colonists, carried to Northeast America, where
besides being cultivated it has become naturalized, growing in waste ground and on the-margin of the
forest in our Northern States.
“ 1683, Sept. 2 d ” (Blair), siege of Vienna abandoned by the Turks.
“ The same year ” (Proud i. 219, and Holmes), about “ twenty families ” of German Quakers from
the Palatinate, establishing themselves seven miles from Philadelphia, named their settlement “ Germantown.”
Other Quakers of the original stock of the society in Wales, established themselves in
Pennsylvania at a place named by them “ North Wales.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Klapr. mem. i. 325), the Chinese, aided by the Dutch, obtain possession of all
the Northwest coast of Formosa.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Jacob Sutherland publishing his Cat. hort. Edin., enumerating
g r a m i n i f o l i a , V e r b a s c u n i f e r r u g i n e u m , R i b e s ( G r o s s u l a r i a ) r e c l i n a i a , P a r o n y c h i a c a p i t a t a , I m p e r a t
o r i a v e r t i c i l l a r i s .
A m y g d a l u s n a n a of the Uralian and Mongolian plains. A shrub enumerated by Sutherland —
(Spreng.) ; termed “ a. indica nana” by Tournefort inst. 627 : observed by Sibthorp on the declivity
of mount Haemus; by Baumgarten in Transylvania; by Gmelin, and Pallas trav. i. 125 to iv. 370,
from 55° on the Volga to the Upper Selenga. Transported to Northeast America, the double-flowered
variety has become frequent in gardens.
-■ In this y e a r ” (Winckler), Johannes Commelyn publi.shing his Plant, indig. Holl.
“ 1684 A. D. = 23d year of Khang-hi ” (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Seventy-third
cycle. To Khang-hi (Pauth. 436), the island of Formosa surrendered by a son of the above-mentioned
pirate chief.
“ In the 23d year of his own reign,” according to Khang-hi, the m a g n e t i c n e e d l e at Pekin declined
“ three degrees : ” — but now only “ two and a half ” (Cibot in mem CÎiin. iv.).
“ June i8 th ” (Hutch, i. 340, Chaim , and Holmes), by the high court of chancery in England,
the charter of Massachusetts declared forfeited. Philadelphia already containing “ nearly three hundred
houses, and two thousand inhabitants” (Belknap ii. 424, and Proud i. 288).
June 22-3d (pref., and lett. 7), after arriving at Quebec in the previous “ November,” Laliontan
at the as;e of sixteen leaving Montreal for Lake Ontario. — “ Nov. 20th, 1690 ” (lett. 20), he sailed from
the St. Lawrence for France.
“ In this y e a r ” (Humb. cosm. ii.), the black stripes in Saturn’s ring, showing at least two concentric
rings, discovered by Dominie Cassini.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Sibbald publishing his Scot. 111.
“ 168? Feb 6th” (Nicol., Holmes gives “ i6 th ” ), Charles II. succeeded by his brother James
I I., now king of United Britain. Also “ in this y e a r ” (Nicob), Iwan Alex, succeeded by Peter the
Great, as emperor of Russia. . ,, fo, , , ,,
“ July” (Chaim., and Plolmes), a writ issued against the charter of Connecticut. October,
a writ against the charter of Rhode Island. And “ Oct. Sth,” by James I I., Joseph Dudley born
in Massachusetts appointed president of New England. His jurisdiction included Maine, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, an d .“ the Narraganset or king’s province;” but the previous legislative
ordinances “ were declared to be in force, and the laws and customs of the colony were con-
A t this time (Chaim, i. 609, and Hohnes), by “ an accurate account taken by order of the governor,”
the inhabitants of Canada ascertained to be “ seventeen thousand ; ” of whom, “ three thousand ” were
supposed to be capable of bearing arms. ,
“ Oct. I2th” (Blair), by Louis X IV ., the Edict of Nantes revoked. — In the following year, a
small brick church was built in Boston by fugitive French proteslants,
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Giov. Bapt. Triumfetti publishing his Obs. de ortu plant.
“ The same y e a r ” ( Y j d o A \ m I ) , g o l d - p u r p l e , “ formed as a purple precipitate when diluted solutions
of gold and tin are mixed,” discovered by Andreus Cassius ; and applied by Kunkel to the
manufacture of red or ruby glass. , , • , j
“ The same y e a r ” (art de verif ) , in Japan, the Dutch subjected to further exaction ; their trade
not to exceed the annual value of “ three hundred thousand taels ” = 1.500,000 livres.
“ In this y e a r ” (Stirling, and W. W. Hunter), the English East India Company warring against
the Muslim Mughuls. — “ Nov. 29th, 1688,” the governor of Balasor having imprisoned two English
servants and thieatened the factory, the town attacked and plundered by Capt. Heath. ^
“ In this y e a r ” (Smith ed. fl. lapp., and Spreng.), Rudbeck publishing the third edition of his
Hort. Upsal, enumerating C a l y p s o b o r e a l i s 81. , , • ,
“ 1686, Mav,” arrival of Dampier at Guam. The natives are described by him as copper-
coloured like other Indians, long-visaged, stern of countenance” (Malayans). The h o g s seen^foere,
appeared to him to belong to “ that breed in America which came originally from Spam (see
Mendana). . , , • . „ j
The inhabitants of the Bashee Islets (Malayans) described by Damjrier as the “ quietest and
civilist people ” he ever met with ; having “ no idols and not seen to wor.ship anything, and all equal
apparently ; ” the men having “ but one wife,” and the “ children honouring and respecting parents.”
As a punishment for theft, a young man was buried alive. They have no coin, but wore in their
ears small pieces of metal which they called “ bullawan,” the “ Mindanao name for gold ; and their
lanvuage presented “ no affinity in sound to Chinese nor to Malayan.”
A t Pulo Condore, Dampier found the inhabitants Cochinchinese; having large nets for turtle,
such as he had seen only at Jamaica; and exporting/«r to Cochinchina.
Along the East coast of Celebes, Dampier found b e a c o n s placed on the shoals. And at the outlying
is la r t of Bouton, the inhabitants were all Muslim, under a sultan.
A t the Nicobar Islands. Dampier found the inhabitants “ all equ al” (Malayans), “ honest, dvil,
harmless people,” having “ neither temple nor idol,” nor as far as discovered, any “ form of religion.”
Their lan»ua»e differed from any he had heard before, but contained some Malay words.
“ D e ? 2 ? h ” (Sewall, Chaim., ancl Holmes), arrival at Boston of Sir Edmund Andros, appointed
by James II. governor of New England: “ to continue the former laws,” so far as “ not inconsistent
with his commission or instructions, until other regulations were established by the governor and
council; to allow no printing press ; to give universal toleration in religion, but encouragement to
the church of England ; ” and a small military force of “ about s ix ty ” soldiers was at the same time
introduced. Before the end of the month, Andros agreeably to orders dissolved the government of
Rhode Island, broke its seal, and assumed the administration. In this year also, writs were issued
against the charter'of Carolina, against East and West Jersey, and New York was deprived of its
assembly. , . „ •
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and W in c k l) , Paul Amman publishing his Hort. Bosian. exot., enumerating
/cw«/7a .— He died “ in 1691.” , ,
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and W in c k l) , after his Cat. plant, circa Caritabrig. “ in 1660, Method,
plant, “ in 1682,” Ray commencing his Hist., plant., enumerating “ melianthus hysiquaiiensis minor
fcetidiis” dendr. 120 M e l i a n t h u s m i n o r . — He published the Second volume “ in )688.
“ 1687 A. D .” (Kaempf., and art de verif.), Kinsen succeeded by bis son Kinsen I I ., “ one hundred
and fourteenth ” dairo of Japan ; — reigning five years later, during Kaempfer’s visit.
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