OF A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S AN D P L A N T S . 1063
I 'ft 111
In this year, William Oakes in college at Cambridge, devoted to Botany.*
A t this time (Nutt, gen.), Zaccheus Collins continuing his e.xplorations of peninsular New Jersey
and the environs of Philadelphia.f
Before the E.xpedition of Ismael Pasha up the Nile, the king of Sennar held dominion over Nubia
as low down as Wadi Haifa (Leps. eg. and sin. 176).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng. comm. Diosc. iii. 84), P. della Celia publishing his Travels from Tripoli
to the frontier of Egypt.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Dumont d’Urville visiting the Greek islands and the shores of the
Black Sea. — He published his Enum. of observed plants “ in 1822.”
“ 1819-20” ( . . . . ) , Edwin James, having succeeded Baldwin, accompanying Long’s Expedition
from Missouri to the Rocky Mountains, meeting with Quercus uiuiulata (Brendel), Mimulus
yamesii.
“ 1820, Sept. 2d” (Pauth. 469), death of Kia-king, “ of the Tai-thsing” or Twenty-fourth dynasty.
He was succeeded by Tao-kouang, three hundred and fifth Chinese emperor.
“ The same y e a r ” (Inman), the district of Maine detached from the jurisdiction of Massachusetts
and admitted into the Union as a State : the territories of Arkansas and Alabama also admitted into
the Union as States.
“ In thi.s y e a r ” (Levchine kirgh. i. 6), mission of Meyendorf from Orenbourg to Boukhara,
accompanied by the naturalists Pander and Eversmann. — A second excursion into the region around
the Aral Sea was made by Eversmann in “ 1825.”
“ In this year ” (Winckl.), J. G. Chr. Lehmann publishing his monogr. Spirma, — completed “ in
1835.” FIs published his Cycad. “ in 1834,” and Plant. Preissianae “ in 1844-7.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Karl Joh. Hartmann publishing his Handbok i Skandinaviens Flora ;
— a Second edition “ in 1S32,” Third “ in 1838,” and a later one “ in 1849” (X. Dec. 706).
“ 1821 A. D.” (Inman), the territory of Florida ceded by Spain to the United States. In the
U. S. congress, the Missouri compromise: establishing beyond the Mississippi Lat. 36° 3 0 'as the
Northern boundary of slave labor, but admitting territory with a strip extending below this line, as
the State of Missouri.
“ March 7 th ” (Maunder), proclamation of Ypsilanti at Jassy in Moldavia, foreshadowing the
rising of the Greeks against the Turkish government. “ March 23d,” outbreak at Calavrita in the
Peloponnesus, and “ eighty Turks made prisoners.” A collision “ on the same d a y ” at Patras.
“ In this y e a r ” (Burnouf introd. i to 4), by B. H. Hodgson, English resident at Kathmandu in
Nepal, discovery of numerous Buddhist works written in the Sanscrit language ; the source of the
Buddhist sacred books existing in translations throughout Thibet Mongolia and China. — In “ 1.824,”
he commenced sending copies of these Sanscrit writings to Calcutta, transmitted some to London in
“ 1830,” and some to Paris in “ 1837.”
“ In this year ” (A. Dec. g. b. 1032), Bade in Senegal. — He afterwards visited Montevideo and
Buenos Ayres.
Schultesia steiiophylla of Tropical America. By European colonists, carried across the Atlantic
to Senegal, observed there by Bade near Fel da T e r ra— (herb. Dec.). Westward, known to grow
wild from Mexico and the West Indies to Guayana and Brazil (Mart., Griseb., and A. Dec.).
“ In this y e a r ” (title-page), Descourtilz publishing his Flor. med. Antill., — continued in . . . .
volumes.
“ In this y e a r ” (Pritzel), after his Muscor. propag. “ in 1818,” T. F. L. Nees von Esenbeck publishing
his Plant, officinales.
“ The same year ” (title-pasie), Steudel publishing his Nomenclátor Botanicus, an alphabetical
list of the genera and species of plants.
At this time (W in ck l), commencing “ in 1814,” Elias Fr. Fries continuing his Novit. fl. su e c .,{
* Hypericum Oakesii of Northeast America. Upright, a foot or more high, resembling H. Canadense,
but with ovate pointed five-nerved leaves : — mentioned to me by Oakes on my first acquaintance
in 1S23, and observed by mysdf from 45 ° on Mount Desert to 38 ° in the Delaware peninsula ;
by Nuttall, along the Arkansas, marked as undescribed but not named. (See H. quinquenervium).
■f Scirpus (Isolepis?) subtermiualis. An aquatic, its terete rush-like pointed stem rising obliquely
out of the water, accompanied by tuft of slender floating fronds : — observed or received by Collins
from Quaker-bridge in New Jersey ; — described by Torrey ; and observed by myself in Pleasant lake
in Wenham, where of late years I have looked for it in vain: grows also according to A. Gray in
“ Michigan, and westward.”
J Medicago sylvestris of . . . . Distinguished by Fries — (A. Dec.); regarded as exotic in
Britain, maintained only by the continual importation of seed for cultivation (Wats., and A. Dec.).
— completed “ in 1823 he published his Flor. scan, “ in 1835,” and Summ. veg. scand. “ in 184Ó,” ■
and died in his “ 84th year, Feb. 8th, 1878” (Boston Journal for March 9th).
•‘ The same y ear” (Buns. v. 7, i), deciphering of hieroglyphic characters by Champollion.
“ 1822, Jan. 27th ” (Maunder, and Brewster’s cycl.), the independence of Greece proclaimed by a congress assembled at Argos. “ April 23d,” the Greek island of Scio visited by a Turkish fleet and
all the inhabitants massacred.
Oct. I2 th ” (Maunder), the prince-regent of Portugal “ proclaimed constitutional emperor of
B r a z il: ” thus separating the two countries. — The measure was afterwards formally recognized by
the home government.
“ In this year ” (Winckl., and Lenz), Pollini publishing his flora of Verona.
“ In this y e a r ” (A. Dec. 635), P. F. Bernard publishing a prospectus of his “ Tableau de la vegetation
du Jura.”
“ 1823 A. D.” (Maunder), entrance of Bolivar, now president of Colombia, into P e ru ; and with
his assistance, the Spaniards repelled and the independence of the country established.
In this year, Benjamin D. Greene at Tewksbury in Massachusetts, near Billerica, meeting with*
Utricularia resupinata.
“ In this year ” (W in ck l) , after his Herbarium flor. martinicens. “ in 1822,” Franz. Wiih. Sieber
publishing his travels in Crete.
“ In this y e a r ” (Pritzel), after his Synops. gen. gram, “ in 1S20,” Trinius publishing his Species
gram. : — the Third and last volume “ in 1S36.”
“ The same year ” (Kobell iv.), pack-foug, a metallic alloy long known in China and consisting
of nickel, copper, and zinc, first manufactured in Europe : — and under the ñamé of “ German silver ”
sold extensively.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Ph. Fr. von Siebold visiting Japan; f — he remained “ until 1830;”
and returning, published his Flor. Japon. “ in 1835-44.”
“ 1S24, May ” (Mason iii. 60), the first English war with Burmah. — Ending “ Feb. 1826,” in the
capture of Pugan and the cession of the provinces of Aracan and Tenasserim.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Viviani publishing his Flor. Lyb. spec.
“ In this y e a r ” Qitle-page), Decandolle publishing the First volume of his Prodr. syst. veg.
“ In this year ” (A. Dec. p. 716), after his first edition in “ 1814,” Bigelow publishing a second
edition of his Flor. Bostoniens., enumerating Salicornia mucronata, Ceanothus ovalis, Myriophyllum
tenellum, Spii'aiithes gracilis.
In this year, after an excursion in 1S23 with Wm. Oakes, diverting my attention from Entomology,
my first botanical discovery.J
In this year, Henry Little and Benjamin D. Greene visiting the White mountains, meeting with
Cinna pendida, etc. ; and on the alpine portion, § S a lix phylicifolia (S. pumila of Nuttall), Nabalus
nanus, N. Bootii.
* Juncus militaris of Northeast America. A large aquatic species growing upright in water a
foot or more deep, distinguished as early as thi.s year by B. D. Greene, observed at Tewksbury and
communicated to Bigelow : — by myself, in lakes around Salem; but according to A. Gray, growing
also from “ Plymouth, Massachusetts ” to the “ pine barrens of New Jersey, and southward.”
t Pinus Koraiensis of Japan and Kamtchatka. Observed by Siebold— (Endl. conif. 143, and
A . Dec.).
{ Sparganium eurycarpum. Observed by myself in tlie extensive marsh between Ipswich river
and Wenham swamp: communicated to Nuttall, and, notwithstanding its different foliage, did not
attract his attention, its numerous male capitula small and caducous, falling almost as soon as
gathered: — the species remained unnoticed until taken up by Engelmahn, but according to A. Gray
is “ common northward and especially westward.”
Carex exilis. Previously observed in the marshes around Lake Wenham and its outlet, but I
supposed it might prove a species common to Europe. Specimens were taken by Oakes to Dewey,
who recognized it as a distinct species, and named it.
Hypericum ellipticum. Observed by myself in the marsh between Ipswich river and Wenham
swamp, — and subsequently as far as 40° along the Atlantic : distinguished by Hooker, as found from
Lake Huron to 54° on the Saskatchewan ; and recently observed by niyself near Quebec.
§ Calamagrostis Pickeringi. Observed on the alpine portion and distinguished by Little; specimens
shown me, — and in the following year, observed not infrequent there by myself.
A ira trijlora. Observed on the alpine portion, and the three florets pointed out to me by Little :
— in the following year observed there by myself, often but nqt always three-flowered, but further
examination is required to determine whether it is distinct from A. flexuosa.
ity.
ll.