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698 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
was observed by Rbeede x. pl. 54 in Malabar ; by Graham, in “ the Concans ; ” by Fleming as. res.
xi- 178, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan, its velvety leaves mixed with rice “ to alleviate the
bloody flux” (Lindl.) ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah. Westward, is known to grow in Austral
Africa (Pers.) and in dry and sandy situations as far as Senegal (tent. fl. Seneg., and Benth. fl. mgr.);
was on the West Indian seashore before the visit of Sloane i. 218; was observed by Macfadyen in
dry situations on the lower portion of Jamaica (A. Dec.).
E u p h o r b 'r a t i r u c a l l i of Tropical Hindustan. The I n d i a n I r e e - s p u r g e , a small tree with swollen
green branchlets in place of leaves, is called in Bengalee “ lunka-sij ” or “ lunka-shij,” in Tamil “ tirucalli”
(J. F. Wats.), in Tagalo “ catuit ” (Blanco); the “ amara” of Susrutas chik. 25 to 37, — is referred
here by Hessler : E. tirucalli was observed by Rheede ii. pl. 44 in Malabar; by Graham, used for
hedges in Guzerat and “ common about villages in the Deccan and Concan,” also by myself ; by
Buchanan, Roxburgh, and Ainslie, as far as Bengal, employed medicinally, and on the Coromandel
coast for hedges (Drur.); by Blanco, on the Philippines, supposed to unite broken bones, but flowers
not met with, by myself in wild situations there ; is termed “ ossifraga lactea” by Rumphius vii. pl.
29. Westward, was observed by Deiiie in a garden at Cairo.
plant called in Sanscrit “ vula ” or “ vula-hwa” or “ ghata ” or “ godunika” or “ kulyaninee ” (J. F.
Wats.), in Bengalee “ mookto-patee” or “ madarpatee ” or “ pattee patee” (Drur.), in Burmah “ then”
(Mason), in Tagalo “ tagbactagbac ” (Blanco) ; in which we recognize the “ g’hata ” or “ godanika ”
or “ kalyanini ” of Susrutas chik. 16 to kalp. 6: — M. dichotoma was observed by Colebrooke as. res.,
and Roxburgh, from Coromandel to Bengal, the mats cailed “ sital-pati ” made of the split stems; by
Mason v. 521, indigenous in Burmah, and mats made of the split stems by the natives ; by Loureiro
i. I r, in Anam ; by Bianco, on the Philippines ; by Forster prodr. 3, as far as Mallicollo in the New
Hebrides (Pers., and Steud.). By Nimmo, was brought from Bengal to the environs of Bombay
(Graham).
' A s b a r a q - u s r a c e m o s u s of Tropical Hindustan. A straggling scandent shrub called in Sanscnt
“ satavari” ‘''(ElL), in Telinga “ satavari ” or “ pilli-tega ” or “ pillipichara,” in Tamil “ shadavari ”
or “ tannir-muttan,” in Malabar “ shatavali,” in Bengalee “ sat-muli,” in Hindustanee “ shakakul ”
(Drur.) ; in which we recognize the “ satavari” whose root is prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 16 to
chik. 26:— A. racemosus was observed by Roxburgh. Ainslie, Wight, and Drury, from the Deccan
to Travancore, perfuming the air with its fragrant flowers, and the bark and leaves employed medicinally.
1 . - O
A s p a i ' a g u s s a r m e n t o s u s of Southern Hindustan. A scandent armed shrub called in Bengalee
“ sooti-moolt” (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay “ satawree ” (Graham) ; and possibly the
“ satavari ” in question : — A. sarmentosus was observed by Rheede x. 10 in Malabar; by Graham,
“ in gardens as an ornamental plant, Deccan and Concans ; ” by Burmann z. 124, on Ceylon ; its
roots according to Ainslie are pickled, also boiled in oil, and employed medicinally, and according to
Modeen Sheriff, when dried and split are the “ sufed mush ” of the bazaars of Southern India (Drur.);
in the candied “ state they are often brought from China” (Graham).
S c i r p u s k y s o o r of Hindustan. A rush called in Bengalee ^and Hindustanee “ kesoor or
“ kesooree ” or “ kesooriya ” (J. F. Wats.); and the “ kaseru ” whose root is commended by Susrutas
sutr. 46 to chik. 22, — is referred here by Hessler : S. kysoor was observed by Graham “ ni the
beds of rivers both Concans ; ” by Roxburgh, hort. beng. 6, Piddington, and Birdwood 78, as far as
Madras and Bengal. (Compare the “ kuseeroo ” Cyperus rotundus, J. F. Wffits.) _
A n d r o p o g o n ( L i p e o c e r c i s ) s e r r a t u s of Tropical Hindustan. A grass called in^Sanscrit “
‘ khuraguree ” or “ khura ” or “ venee ” (J. F. Wats.); in which we
’ or “ garagari ” or “ k’haragari ” or “ k’hara” or “ veni ” of Susrutas
or “ guree ” or “ guraguree ” or ‘
recognize the “ agari ” or
chik. 18: — A. serratus wa’s observed by Law, Nimmo, and Graham, “ near Dharwar,” also in the
Concans ; by Retz obs. V . 21, and Roxburgh, as far as Bengal. ^
M a r s i l e a d e n t a t a of Tropical Hindustan. The “ chuchu ” of Susrutas sutr. 46, — is reteiieci
here by Hessler. ,
S a l v i n i a c u c u l i a t a of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah.^ A Cryptogamous leafy e
“ talapatri ” or “ putrasreni ” or “ mushika ” or “ mushikaparni ” of Susrutas sutr. 3Ó to chik. i , ■
referred here by Hessler: S. cuculiata was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay; oy
Roxburgh, in Eastern Hindustan ; and by Mason, in Burmah.
L y c o p o d i u m i m b r i c a t u m of Hindustan. The “ grisbti ” or “ mad’huparnika ” of Susrutas sar. ,
— is referred here by Hessler.
. H e j n i o n i t i s c o r d i f o l i a of Eastern Hindustan and Burmah. A fern : the “ atiguha or ^
or “ priPhakparni” of Susrutas sutr. 36 to chik. 21, — is referred here by Hessler ; PI- corcliioiia
observed by Roxburgh in Eastern Hindustan ; and by Mason, in Burmah.
S p o n d i a s a c u m i n a t a of Tropical Hindustan. A species of h o g - p l u m , a middle-sized elegant tree
called in the environs of Bombay “ ambut” or “ ambada ” (Graham), in Bengal “ amra” or “ amla,”
in Sanscrit “ amrataca” or “ pitaña” or “ capitana” (W. Jones) ; and the “ amrata” or “ pitaña” or
“ kapitana” of Susrutas, — maybe compared: S. acuminata is perhaps the tree bearing fruit of the
size of a large Damask prune seen by Ebn Batuta 9 in Hindustan; was observed by Graham “ on
the hills near Kennery caves, not common,” its fruit “ about the size of a chicken’s eg g;” by Roxburgh,
in Eastern Hindustan.
S e s b a n i a g r a n d f o r a of the Hawaiian Islands. Called in Sanscrit “ agastia” or “ buka” or
“ viika,” in the Taleef Shereef “ agust” or “ agusti,” in Bengalee “ augusta” or “ buko,” in Hindustanee
“ agast,” in Tamil “ agathi ” or “ agati ” (J. F. Wats.), in Telinga “ anisay” (Drur.) or “ lella-
avisi ” (EIL), in Burmah “ pouk-ban ” (Mason), in Tagalo “ caturai ” (Blanco) ; in which we recognize
the “ agasti ” or “ vaka ” of Susrutas sutr. 46 : — S. grandiflora was observed by Rheede i. pl. 51
in Malabar; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay, “ generally found” about temples and villages,
cultivated for “ its large flowers and pods, both of whicli are eaten by the natives ; ” by Roxburgh,
and Wight, in gardens as far as Travancore and Bengal, employed medicinally by the natives (Drur.);
by Mason, “ exotic” in Burmah, “ seen in perhaps every town and village,” its pods “ a favourite
vegetable with the natives ; ” by Blanco, on the Phillippines, cultivated by the natives and its flowers
cooked and eaten ; is described by Rumphius i. pl. 77 ; was observed by myself under cultivation in
Hindustan and throughout the Malayan archipelago, indigenous only on the Hawaiian Islands, where
I found it usually trailing, but sometimes a small tree like the cultivated form. By Polynesian colonists,
was carried to the Society and “ Botanices” Islands (Pers.); and by European colonists has
been carried back to the Hawaiian Islands, observed by myself in the gardens of residents. Westward
from Hindustan, the “ dolichos arboreus ” or “ seseban ” seen by Forskal p. 134 under cultivation
in Yemen, is referred here by Steudel.
M i i c t i n a p r u r i t a of Tropical Eastern Asia. The c o w i t c h is an annual twining bean-like plant
called in Sanscrit “ atmagupta” or “ alkushee,” in Bengalee “ alkushee,” in Tamil “ poonaykali ” or
“ peelia-dooghoo-kaila,” in Telinga “ peeliadagoo-kaila,” in Hindustanee “ kiwach ” (J. F- Wats.), in
Burmah “ khwcC-lce” (Mason), in Tagalo “ lipai ” or “ buquitquit” (Blanco) : in which w'e recognize
the “ atmagupta” of Susrutas sutr. 36 to chik. 26 : — M. prurita was observed by Rheede viii. pl. 35
in Malabar; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay, “ one of the commonest plants in hedges and
jungly tracts during the rains,” the “ pod shape of the letter S, clothed with stinging hairs;” by Roxburgh,
Ainslie, and Wight, as far as Bengal and Dheyra Dhoon, employed medicinally by the natives,
sometimes as a mechanical anthelmintic (Drur.) ; by Mason v. 490, in Burmah, “ very common in
the Karen jungles from Mergui to Toungo ; ” by Blanco, on the Philippines.
A d e 7i a 7i ( h e r a p a v o 7i Í 7i a of Tropical Eastern Asia. A Leguminous tree called in Sanscrit
“ kambhoji,” in Bengalee “ ranjuna,” in Hindustanee “ ranjana” (J. F. Wats.), in Telinga “ bandi
gooroovinza,” in Tamil “ anai-kundamunie ” (Drur.), in Burmah “ rwas-gyee ” (Mason) ; in which we
recognize the “ kamboji” prescribed by Susrutas chik. 19 to 25, — and the “ rochana ” pigment of
Kalidasa ragh. xvii. 24 : A. pavonina was observed by Rheede vi. pl. 44 in Malabar; by Gibson, and
Graham, in gardens around Bombay, but said to grow “ wild in some parts of Guzerat and Kandesh,”
its scarlet seeds “ used as weights” and “ worn by women as beads,” its wood yielding a dye used by
“ Bramins for marking their foreheads runjuna; ” was observed by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, as
far as Travancore and Bengal, the inner wood of the larger trees of a deep red colour (Drur.) ; by
Mason v. 511 to 522, indigenous in Burmah, its wood hard and valuable, and its seeds “ in common
use by the Burmese ” for weights.
j a 777b o s a v u l g a r i s of Tropical Eastern Asia. The r o s e a p p l e has Arabic and Persian names
(A. Dec.), is called in Sanscrit “ jambu,” in Tamil “ jambu-nawel-marum” (J. F. Wats.), in the environs
of Bombay “ jamblee” or “ gulab jamb” (Graham), in Hindustanee “ gulab jamun ” (Drur.) ; in
Tagalo “ yambo” or “ macupa” (Blanco) ; in which we recognize the “ jambu” of Susrutas suir. 16
and nid. 14 to chik. 18, — having according to Kalidasa vicram. 4 shady branches and luscious roseate
fruit: J. vulgaris was observed by Rheede i. pl. 17 in Malabar; by Graham, “ commonly cultivated”
around Bombay; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Ouseley, as far as Bengal; and by Moon, on Ceylon.
Farther East, a “ kind of apple very similar to a pomegranate full of juice and sweet ” was seen in the
country around Ava by Nicolo Conti, but as known to Mason v. 450. J. vulgaris is enumerated as
“ exotic” in Burmah and not cultivated by the natives; was observed by Wallich on Penang; by
Blume, under cultivation on Java; by Loureiro, in Anam and the adjoining countries ; by Navarrete
^653, the “ xambos of Malacca having the taste and smell of a fragrant rose ” at Manila, by Blanco
tilso on the Philippines, a tree nine to twelve feet high. Westward, was observed by myself under
cultivation on Zanzibar. By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands (Boj.) ; to the
West Indies (Descourtilz), to Brazil, observed there by myself ; and to the opposite African coast
(Hook. p. 359). ...............