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916 C H R O N O L O G I C A L A R R A N G E M E N T
after touching the eye,” and its seeds “ a violent drastic dangerous purgative ” (Lindl.) By t r o pean
colonists, has been recently introduced into Hindustan, observed by Graham, and myself, in
of Tropical America. A tall leafless rush observed and described by Hernandez
33 - (Spreng.) ; seen by Sloane pl. 81 on Jamaica, and known to grow as far as Cumana and
Tru.xillo (Kunth) ; observed by Elliot at Ogeechee in Georgia; by Chapman, m “ marshes near the
coast, Florida to South Carolina.” Possibly through European colonists e a rn # to the^pposite
coast of Equatorial Africa (R. Brown, and Benth.), observed by Grant along “ Nile edges 2 ., y
Forskal, and Delile, in wet situations in Lower Egypt ; to Madagascar (A. de Jussieu) ; and to Hindustan
(Pers., Del., and A. Dec.). ■ „ , j z u a
“ ICQ4 A. D.” (Asher edit. Huds. p. cxxxvii), Willem Barents, sailing from Amsterdam, followed
the coast of Nova Zembla to the Orange Islands beyond, and rounded its Northeastern extremity —
(an exploit that has been repeated only by Barents himself, two years afterwards). ^ rttu rn ing to he
rtuthefen extreme of Nova Zembla, on the “ 24th Ang. N. S. IS95.” h® obtained information of the
sea beyond from the Samoieds, and “ Sept. i s t ” from a Rnssdan “ lodie or barke ; a r t landing
“ Sept. 9 th ” on “ the south end of the States Hand, where the crosse standeth, ascertained that
t h e r e i s n o t i d e ( P u r c h a s V. i i i . 51 8) . _ .
“ In the beginning of this y e a r ” (Dallat 2), the Japanese army m Corea, consisting chiefly of
Christians, joined by the jesuit P. Gregorio de Cespedes, who remained nearly a year.
“ The same y e a r ” (Pauth. 409), the Japanese, after capturing various cities, r e e l e d by the
native Coreans aided by Chinese troops. — On application, the emperor Chin-tsoung II. in the following
year, granted the title “ Ji-pen-wang, king of Jap an;” but prohibited the Japanese ruler from
sendinar ambassadors to China. , . .• 1 ■
“ Dec. 19th” (Blair), expulsion of the Jesuits from France. — The prohibition continued nine
same y e a r ” (Spreng.), Honorius Bellus in Crete writing to Clusius,* enumerating /V««-
t a g o C r e t i c a , a n d “ g a x d e r o t h y m o ” S t a c h y s s p i n o s a . „ ,
F a o o n i a C r é t i c a of the North African Desert. Called in Yemen “ schomka or schoulci
( F o r s k V sent by Honorius Bellus, — and tfrmed “ trifolium spinosum creticum’ prodr. 142:
observed by Forskal in Yemen ; by Delile, not far from Cairo, growing in the Des'ert; by Desfontaines,
near Mascar in Algeria (Pers.). „T .1- r ’ -7
“ In this y e a r ” (Wislizen., and Humb. cosm. v.), settlements in New Mexico, North irom Zacatecas,
first planned by the viceroy Juan de Ofiate. ,
I tot A D ( = “ 1585 + 10 years,” art de verif.), Fide-josei, having established his authority
over the local princes and fixed his seat of government at Jedo, meditating the expulsion of foreigners
z - d ” (Haki., and Holmes), arrival of Walter Ralegh in Trinidad. Leaving his ships
there, he proceeded in boats “ four hundred miles” up die Orinoco, and returned: and on his way
to Eno'land was prevented by adverse winds from reaching Hatteras, to search for the lost colony.
“ June n t h ” (De Morga 42 and 229), Dr. Antonio de Morga, appointed “ lieutenant-general
of the Philippines,” arriving in the port of Cabit. - He left Manila for Mexico “ 1" + <otli 1603-
In various parts of Luzon, according to De Morga 267 and 306, are “ natives of a black colour,
with ‘ cabellos de pasas ’ tangled h a ir ” (Negrillos), “ not very tall in stature,” who “ have no houses
nor settled dwellings ; they go in troops and bivouac in the mountains and craggy ground, changing
their abode according to the season,” “ maintaining themselves vvith some little tillage, and sowing
of rice which they do teraporarilv, and with tlie game which they shoot with their bows, also with
the mountain honev, and roots which grow in the earth. They are barbarous people with whom there
is no security incli'ned to murder, and to attack the towns of the other natives, where they do great
mischief without its having been possible to take measures to prevent them, nor to reduce them to
subjection, nor bring them to a state of peace, although it is always attempted by good or evil means,
as opportunity or necessity demands,” . , , „ , ■ 1 n
Other natives of the Philippines wash their hair “ with the boiled rind of a tree, which ley
* R i b e s ( G r o s s u l a r i a ) h i r t e l l a of Northeast America, The p u r p l e g o o s e b e r r y transported to
Leyden seen in this year and termed “ grossularia spinosa fruct. purpurasc.” by Clusius — rar. 1. 85.
Westward, was observed by Michaux along the Saguenay (Pers.) ; by niyself, from 47° 30^
Lower St. Lawrence to 42° along the Atlantic ; by Pursh, from Canada to the Allegiianies ot Vir-
»inia ■ according to A. Gray, grows from “ New England to Wisconsin, common ; ” and “ G. saxosa
according to Hooker, from Boston to the Saskatchewan. Under cultivation, G. hirtella in our climate
succeeds better than the European species.
O F A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 9 1 7
call “ g o g o ” ( E n t a d a s c a n d e n s ) : and “ before the Spaniards entered the country” wore “ coats of
cangan without collars,” “ coming a little below the waist, some blue, others black, and a few of colours
for the chief men ; ” and “ a coloured wrapper,” the “ feet unshod, the head uncovered, and a narrow
cloth wrapped round it.”
Among the fruit trees are “ sanctores” ( C i t r u s S i n e n s i s ) , “ tamarinds” ( T a m a r i n d u s I n d i c a ) ;
in the province of Caganan, “ chestnut trees which give fruit” ( C a s t a n e a M o r g a i ) ; and in other
parts “ pine trees,” * other “ trees which give very large pine-nuts, with a strong smell and pleasant
ta s te ” called “ piles ” ( C a n a r i u n t a l b u n i ) ; “ bejucos” with which they make inclosures for capturing
fish, also “ cables and other cordage for their vessels ” ( C a l a m u s u s i t a t u s ) ; “ a green fruit like walnuts,”
pickled and called “ p aos” (M a n g i f e r a a l t i s s im a ) ; “ much cachumba, instead of saffron and
other sp ice s” ( . . . . ) . “ In all these islands there were no temples, nor public houses for the
worship of idols, but each person made and kept in his own his anitos : ” prayers for the sick were
ofi'ered by a few old men and women called “ catalonas : ” and “ they buried their dead in their own
houses.”
“ July 2 i s t ” (Churchill coll., Dalrymple, and Quiros in De Morga 65), by Alvaro de Mendana,
sailing from Peru with a colony, an island discovered, one of four inhabited by very large, handsome,
and tattooed people: “ on the west side of Sta. Christina” (Waitahu) “ in 9^°” S. Lat., “ a good port
was found, in which the fleet anchored : ” “ in the way of victuals ” were seen “ p i g s and h e n s , s w e e t
c a n e s " (Saccharum officinale), very g o o d p l a n t a i n s (Musa paradisica), a “ fruit like cliestnuts in
savour but much larger than six chestnuts ” ( A r t o c a . r p u s i n c i s a ) , “ nuts with a very hard shell whicli
were very o ily ” ( I n o c a r p u s e d u i i s ) , and “ pumpkins of Castille sown in the ground” ( L a g e n a r i a
v u l g a r i s ) . Leaving “ Aug. 5th ” for the “ west, to the south-west, or north-west, a matter of four hundred
leagues,” on the “ 20th ” in “ io-| ” S., “ we saw four low islands, with sandy beaches, full of many
palms and woods ; ” “ all four may have a circuit of twelve leagues,” and we named them “ St. Bernard.”
Continuing Westward, never rising above 1 1° or going below 10°, on tlie “ 29th” we “ discovered a
round islet, which might be a league round, all surrounded by reefs,” and named it “ Solitary Island ; ”
it is “ in lo | ° ” S., and will be “ one thousand five hundred and thirty-five leagues from Lima.” On
the “ eve of our Lady in September, at midnight, we saw an island which might have a circuit of from
ninety to a hundred leagues,” and “ will be a thousand eight hundred leagues from Lima; ” we named
it “ Santa Cruz,” and “ the ships came to anchor in' the northern ” part “ in 10° ” S., about seven
leagues from an active volcano ; in addition to the above-named esculents, were seen “ one, two, or
three kinds of roots like sweet potatoes, which they eat roast and boiled, and make ‘ buyos’ with i t ”
( B a t a t a s e d u l i s and D i o s c o r e a s p . ? ), “ two kinds of good almonds ” ( T e r m i n a l i a c a t a p p a ) , “ two kinds
of pine nuts ’.’ ( . . . . ), “ muchos bledos ” ( E u x o l u s v i r i d i s ) . “ a very strongly scented sweet basil ”
( O c y m u m ) , “ and coloured flowers” which “ they keep in the gardens” ( A m a r a n t h u s t r i c o l o r ) , “ and
two other species of another sort also coloured” ( C o d i c e u m v a r i e g a t u m ) , a “ fruit on high trees, like
pippins” ( J a m b o s a M a l a c c e n s i s ) , “ great quantity of ginger which grows there without its being
cultivated ” ( Z i n g i b e r z e r u m b e t ) , “ much yerba chiquilite with which they make indigo ” ( . . . . )
“ agave tree s ”. ( P a n d a n u s f u r c a t u s ) , “ and a great deal of sa g ia ” ( C y c a s c i r c i n a l i s ) ; the people
“ are black ” (Papuan or Negrillo). “ Oct. 17th ” a “ total eclipse of the moon,” and on the “ rSth ”
Mendana died; much sickness ensued, many died, and “ Nov. tS th ” the island was abandoned.
After ‘ -two days,” the chief pilot Quiros was ordered to “ shape the course” for M an ila ;— and
“ Jan. 14th,” the flagship arrived in sight of Cape Espiritu Santo.
* P i n u s M o r g a i of Nortliern Luzon. A tree called in Ylocano “ sa leng” (Blanco) ; and from
early times, used for torches ; — clearly the “ pine tree s” in question; and according to Blanco
growing in Ylocos, Zambales, and other localities in Northern Luzon.
M im o s a a c l e of the Philippines. A large unarmed tree called in Tagalo “ a c le ” (Blanco) ; and
from early times, employed in house building, and its bark for washing, like the “ gogo,” but inferior
in quality : — observed by Blanco in the environs of Manila.
P t e r o c a r p u s p a l l i d u s of the Philippines. A large tree called in Tagalo “ asana,” in Bisaya and
Camarines “ n a g a ” or “ narra,” in Pampango “ daitanag” (Blanco) ; and from early times employed
medicinally, and its timber for cabinet-work: — “ a finely coloured wood” called “ asana” is enumerated
by De Morga 275 ; and P. pallidus according to Blanco grows on all the islands.
D i o s p y r o s m u l t i f l o r a of the Philippines. A tree called in Tagalo “ canomoi” or “ canomai''
(Blanco) ; its poisonous fruit known from early times, said to kill fish, and cause the crocodile to
quit the water : — observed by Blanco.
D i o s p y r o s p i l o s a n i h e r a of the Philippines. A tr e e ; its hard wood known from early times, and
its fruit eaten : — “ e b o n y , one kind finer than another ” is enumerated by De Morga 275. and according
to Blanco the wood of all the Philippine species more or less resembles ebony: D. pilosantliera
was observed by him on the Philippines.
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