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9 1 8 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
“ The same y e a r ” (A ls t , and art de verif.), Murad I I I . succeeded by Mohammed III., fifteenth
Turkish sultan. Coins of Mohammed III. issued at Cairo, are figured in Marcel p. 204.
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), Marcus Urzedowa publishing his Polonicum Herbarium, enumerating
M e l a m p y r u m i t e m o r o s n m 293.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Giovani Pona of Verona publishing his Simplicia in
Baldo, enumerating* L o t u s g l a u c u s , M a r r u b i u m a c e t a b u l o s u m to, “ trifoglio argentato alpino ” pl.
222 P o l e n t i l l a n i l i d a (Schmied. ed. G. p. 63), V e r o n i c a s a x a t i l i s 74, P a e d e r o t a b o n a r o t a 72, C a m p a n
u l a p e t r a e a 62, P h y t e u m a c o m o s a 70, B u p l e u r u m g r a m i n i f o l i u m 1 11, S a x i f r a g a r u p e s t r i s 76, C h e r l e -
r i a s e d o id e s 89, A r e n a r i a B a v a r i c a 60, C l e m a t i s ( A t r a g e n e ) a l p i n a 68, R a n u n c u l u s r u t a e f o l i u s 87,
M y a g r u m s a x a t i l e 7 8 , G e r a n i u m a r g e n t e u m 91, T r i f o l i u m a l p i n u m 84, S e n e c i o i n c a m i s I II , and
A s p i d i u m a l p i n u m lo i.
“ 1596 A. D.” (Pauth. p. 409), in the provinces of Ho-nan, Chen-si, and Chan-si, “ t o a g o l d and
s i l v e r mines ” opened by the emperor Chin-tsoung IL, contrary to the advice of his ministers.— “ Six
ye ars ” afterwards, he caused them to be closed.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), arrival of Barnabas Cobo in the West Indies.— He afterwards proceeded
to Mexico, and remained chiefly in Peru “ until 1653.”
“ June 9 th ” (Churchill coll.), sailing from Amsterdam, Willem Barents and John Cornelis Ryp
discovered Bear Island “ in 74° 3 0 '; ” and “ on the 19th,” Spitzbergen in “ 80° 11',” supposed however
by tliem to be part of Greenland. Continuing East, Barents “ on the 15th Aug.” again rounded
the Northeastern .extreme of Nova Zembla, but being unable to advance or return, wintered there,—
and died on the following “ 20th June.”
“ June Iith ” (Churchill coll.), arrival on the coast of Sumatra of Cornelius Plootman with four
ships ; “ the first voyage the Dutch made to India.”
“ In this year ” (De Morga 78), a Spanish vessel from the Philippines in distress seeking refuge
in Japan, the pilot, Francisco de Landa, imprudently exhibited his charts of navigation to a Japanese
official : the charts included Mexico and Peru, and on being asked how possession was obtained of
such very distant countries, Landa replied, “ that first the monks had entered and preached their religion,
and the military forces following after them had subjected those countries.” All which being
reported to Fide-josi, he again prohibited Christianity in his dominions, — and on the following “ Feb.
5th,” six Franciscans and eighteen Japanese converts were crucified.
“ June 2 t s t ” (Blair), Cadiz in Spain captured by the English.
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), C. Bauhin publishing his Phytopinax, enumerating T r i f o l i u m l a p p a -
c e u m pl. 5.
“ 1597 A. D.” (Univ. h is t , and Holmes), in addition to the English buccaneers in the-West Indies,
a fleet of French making their appearance captured and pillaged Carthigena.
In this year (De Morga 88), near Mindanao, the small island of Jolo (Sulu), that “ may have three
thousand men, with their own king and lord, all of them ” Mussulmans, had hitherto willingly paid
tribute: but after the withdrawal of the main body of Spanish forces from Mindanao, Juan Pacho,
captain of the fort at Caldera, sent a few soldiers to barter for wax, when they were ill-treated and two
of them killed by the people of Jolo. Pacho desiring to chastise this excess, went there “ with a few
boats and thirty soldiers ; ” but was himself slain, and his party totally defeated. The “ event caused
much regret at Manila,” from the loss of prestige both on Jolo and Mindanao.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Evang. Ouatrami of Ferrara publishing his Ingredienti della teriaca.
S c u t e l l a r i a C o l u m n æ o i \ ta \ y a a d G r o o o o . Mentioned by Quatrami — (Spreng.); observed also
in Italy by Columna ecphr. pl. 189, and Allioni pl. 84 (Pers.) ; by Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus.
“ In this year ” (Spreng., and Prior), Gerarde publishing his Herbal, enumerating R h y n c h o s p o r a
a l b a 50, F e s t u c a m y u r u s 29, H o r d e u m p r a t e n s e 29, P o t a m o g e t o n h e t e r o p h y l l u s 821, C a m p a n u l a l a t i f
o l i a 448, A s c l e p i a s v a r i e g a t a 100, S i s o n s e g e t u m 1018, P o l y g o n u m t n i n u s 446, A r e t i a r i a p e p l o i d e s
* S i l e n e a c a u l i s of the Arctic region and mountain-summits farther South. Termed “ ocymoides
imiscosus ” by Pona 341, as observed on mount Baldo, — “ muscus alpinus lyclinidis flore ” by Bauhin
hist. iii. 767, and known to grow on Spitzbergen and on the mountains of Northern and middle Europe
and Asia (C. Bauhin pin. 206, fl. Dan. pl. 21, Pers., and Wats.) : observed by Linnæus abounding on
the mountains of Lapland, often covering their summits with its deep purple flowers ; by myself, in
purple patches on the crest of the Swiss Alps, meriting the appellation of “ Alpium ornamentum ”
bestowed by Persoon. Westward, was observed by Sabine in Iceland and Greenland, and according
to Hooker grows along the shores of the Arctic Sea and throughout Arctic America; was observed
by . . . . in Labrador (Pursh, and Tor.) ; by Chamisso, on Unalaska; by E. James, on the alpine portion
of the Rocky mountains ; by my.self, on the alpine portion of the White mountains, but liere
inconspicuous and moss-like with whitish flowers (compare S. exocapa of Allioni pl. 79 £. 2).
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 9 1 9
622, M e n t h a g r a c i l i s 680, S t a c h y s p a l u s t r i s 1005, S c u t e l l a r i a z n i n o r 581, T r i f o t i u m m a r i t u m im
1208, T r i f o l i t tm f i l i f o r m ^ \ \ 8 6 , C i n e r a r i a i n t e g r i f o l i a 304, “ s n a k o w o o A " 84.8 A r i s l o l o c h i a s e r p e n t a r
i a , S a l i x a u r i t a 1390, and S', a c t im i n a t a 1390.— He died “ in 1607.”
“ 1598, A p r il” (Blair), by Henri IV. of France, the edict of Nantes granted to the Protestants.
A t this time (Spreng., and Winckler), Castor Durante writing his Hist. Plant.— He died “ in
1599,” and his work was published “ in 1636.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), J. Bauhin publishing his H is t balnei Boll.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), Pierre Richer de Belleval, having founded at Montpelier
the earliest b o t a n i c g a r d e n in France, now publishing his Nomencl. stirp. in hort. reg. Monsp., enumerating
S c a b i o s a m a r i t im a 76, P l a n t a g o s e r r a r i a 10, A n d r o s a c e S e p t e n t r i o n a l i s 12, A . e l o n g a t a 13,
G e n t i a n a p u m i l a 25, C a m p a n u l a p u l l a 26, C v e s u l a 27, S e s e l i s a x i f r a g u m 2 1 0 , S . t u r b i t h 212, S t a t i c e
e c h i o i d e s 142, A l l i u m n a r c i s s i f i o r u m 240, A r e n a r i a s a x a t i l i s 153, R a n u n c u l u s C a s s u b i c u s 176, B e t o n i c a
h i r s u t a 53, L im o s e l l a a q u a t i c a 63, I b e r i s s a x a t i l i s 193, C a r d a m i n e a s a r i f o l i a 199, B r a s s i c a R i c h e r i i
197, E r o d i u m R o t n a n u m 232, O n o n i s f r u t i c o s a 224, O . p t ib e s c e n s 225, H e d y s a r u t n s a x a t i l e 216, H - o b -
s c u r u m 217, H v p e r i c u m R i c h e r i 168, H u r a c i u m a t t r e u m 121, H . c e r i n i h o i d e s 128, H . p o r r i f o l i u t n 133,
H . v e r b a s c i f o l i u t n 135, A p a r g i a d u b i a 120, C r e p i s a l p i n a 126, H y o s e r i s h e d y p n o i s 123, S e r r a t u l a
h e t e r o p h y l l a 81, C i r s i u m h e l e n i o id e s 83, C a r t h a m u s t n i t i s s i t n u s 86, E r i g e r o n u t i i f l o r u m too, C h r y s a
n t h e m u m m o t i t a n u m 103, C e n t a u r e a a m a r a 92, M i c r o s t y l i s m o n o p h y l l o s 262, S a l i x f o r m o s a 274,
S', a r b u s c u l a 275.
A l l i u m t n o s c l i a t u m of the Mediterranean countries. Described by R. de Belleval 241 — (Spreng.),
Bauhin prodr. pl. 28, Rudbeck elys. ii. 166, and known to grow in Spain and Southern France (Pers.);
observed by Kitaibel pl. 68 in Hungary, by Gittard in the Peloponnesus (Chaub.).
H i e r a c i u m a m p l e x i c a u l e of Dauphiny and the Pyrenees. Described by R. de Belleval 134 —
(Spreng.); termed “ h. pyrenaicum rotundifolium amplexicaule” by Tournefort inst. 472, “ h. bal-
sameum ” by Asso, “ h. pulmonarioides ” by Villars, “ lepicaune balsamea ” by Lapeyrouse, and known
to grow in the alpine portion of Dauphiny and the Pyrenees (Pers., Steud., and A . Dec ) . In Britain,
has been found only on the wails of a college at Oxford and of castle Cleish in Kinross, and is therefore
considered not completely naturalized.
“ Sept. 13th” (Alst. p. 566, and Nicol.), Philip II. of Spain succeeded by his son Philip I I I .;
the war in Belgium continuing. — In the following year, Philip III. married an Austrian princess : and
on the same day, “ April 12th,” his sister married Albert of Austria, an archduke and cardinal having
charge of Belgium.
“ The same y e a r ” (Churchill coll ). by the “ Holland East India company,” a fleet of “ six great
ships and two yachts” sent to the East Indie.s.
“ The same y e a r ” (art de verif.), death of Fide-josi. He was numbered among the gods by the
dairo, a temple erected to him at Meaco containing his urn; he was succeeded by his son Fide-jori,
now at the age of six ruler of Japan, under the regency of Ijesaz.
“ 1599. March ” (narrat., Wilmere transl. p. xvii and 6 to 48), Samuel Champlain accompanying
a Spanish fleet in sight of the island of Descada in the West Indies. He visited Guadeloupe, Hayti,
Porto Rico, Mexico,*— Panama, and Cuba, and returned to Spain after “ two years and two months ”
absence.
H a m a t o x y l o n C a m p e c h i a n u m of Central America. A Leguminous tree, its wood called in commerce
l o g w o o d ; and “ Campesche ” wood was seen by Champlain on his way to the city of Mexico —
(N, Shaw edit. 23): goods were brought by Dampier for the logwood cutters in Campeachy: H. Cam-
•peachianum was observed by Sloane ii. pl. to, and Macfadyen 332, on Jamaica ; is described also by
Catesby ii. pl. 66; and is known to abound especially around the Bay of Honduras. By European
colonists has recently been carried to Burmah, and successfully introduced (Mason v. 511). Logwood
“ is a powerful astringent,” but as an article of commerce is “ chiefly used by d ye rs” (Macf., and
Lindl.).
* I c i c a ? c o p a l l i n a of Mexico. The “ copal” of the Mexicans of Papantla and Misantia (Linniea
V. 601, and Lindl.) ; and the “ copal” gum from a tree like the pine-tree and very good for gout and
pains, seen by Champlain in Mexico — (N. Shaw edit. 32), may be compared.
F i c u s A m e r i c a n a of the West Indies. The “ sombrade” tree seen by Champlain on Porto Rico,
the tops of its branches, falling to the earth, taking root and producing otlier branches, and thus covering
“ more than a league and a quarter, bearing laurel-like leaves but no fruit,” — is referred here by
N. Shaw p. II, and identified with the “ figuier maudit marron ” of H a y ti: F. Americana was observed
by Plumier pl. 132 on Jamaica (Pers.) ; by Aublet, in Guayana (Steud.).
C o c o s l a p id e a of Mexico. A species of c o c o a - p a lm , distinguished by Champlain, its “ cocques”
made by the Mexicans into “ little cups and bottles,” like those “ of Indian nuts which come from the
palm” — (N. Shaw edit p. 30). From transported nuts, C. lapidea is described by Gaertner.
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