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“ Apr. 23d ” (Blair), the “ Order of the garter ” instituted as a mark of distinction by Edward III.
of Eno’land. , , 1
“in this year” (Major edit. Zen. p. Ixv and 53), Ivar Bardsen, a Greenlander and procurator
of Garda, one of those sent by the governor to expel the Skrellings (Esquimaux) from the West
By»d, separated from the Eastern portion of the colony by an uninhabited tract of “ twelve nautical
miles.” They “ found no man either Christian or heathen, but only some cattle and sheep running
Fruits large as certain “ eble” apples and of excellent flavour according to Ivar Bardsen grow
on the mountains and plains of Greenland - (O.rp/rara«.- pa/ustris). The other vild fruits known to
»row in Greenland are Vaccinium uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea, and Cornus Suecica. ^
“ Middle of the Fourteenth century” (Bataillard), Gypsies already in Wallacliia, and hdd there
as slaves - Spreading from Moldavia into Hungary, they received the protection of king Sigismuml
“ in 1417,” and becan'ie known in Europe. In Wallacliia (Paspati in Amer. Orient, soc. vii.), the
Gypsies continued in the state of slavery until 1837; and in Moldavia, until 1844.
“ 1350 A. D.” (Pallegoix, and Mason iii. 68), beginning of the chronicles of the Siamese; who
separating from Cambodia, now become an independent nation.*
“ In this year” (Klapr. note to San-kokf), A-y succeeded by Zai-to, of the Sio or Chang family,
and now king of the Loo Choo Islands ; f the “ ninth ” of the Tame-tomo dynasty. - His family continues
reigning to the present dav. . , J .
“ Thèsame year” (Crawfurd vii. 11), the king of Ternate instructed by an Arab adventurer m
the Arabic language and in ship-building. . , c o .
From early times (De Morga 205. and 285 to 342), small vessels from Borneo in the Smithwest
monsoon visiting Luzon, bringing among other articles “fine camphor which is produced m that
island” (Dryobalanops), “ sago,” and “ tibors and large and small jars, glazed black, very fine, of
much durability and use.” “ Amongst the natives” on Luzon are to be found ‘ lar£ jars £ vety
ancient earthenware, of a dark colour” and unknown origin, but having “ marks and srels ; these
jars are sold at a high price to the Japanese, who have found out that tea “ fees not keep or last
except in these jars:” “ old earthen-ware, of unknown origin, imported from Manilla ot Smm etc
was highly valued” in Japan —(Jap. centen. comm. 108). Boyle 93 found among the Dyaks of
Borneo the best quality of tibor jars called “ gusih ” valued at “ fifteen hundred to three thousand
dollars, the second kind four hundred dollars ” (note to Stanley edit. De Morga 285).
The city of Manila probably therefore in existence. J
As early possibly as this date (see addit. art de verif), by the Inca Pachacutec, conquest of the
* Blumea grandis of the Siamese countries. “ An impure camphor" made by the people of
Tavoy from thè “ pung-ma-theing ” weed, as early perhaps as this date : — Mason v p. 483 further
states that the weed “ grows six to eight feet high,” and abounds throughout Burmah springing up
vvhere’ver the forest is removed; is described by Wallich ; bnt “ O’Riley was the first _ to refine the
product, and manufacture an article pronounced by competent judges identical in all its properties
with Chinese camphor. „ , . r-, . a ■ t Rhus succedanea of the Loo Choo Islands. The w ax tree, called in China niu-tchin
(Camp.), originally imported from the Loo Choo Islands - (according to Jap. centen comm 56),
but at present cultivated all over Japan, as well as in China (Campion addit. Stan. Jnl ) : the art
of candle-making is said to have been introduced from Loo Choo” into Japan “ towards the end ot
the Sixteenth century : ” R. succedanea was observed in Japan by Thunberg. Transported to Europe,
i s termed “ toxicodendrum altissimum ” by Miller. , , „ ,
The w ax insect ( . . . . ) became knovvn in China and was first placed on R. succedanea imder
the Youen dynasty (Nong-tching-tsiouen-chou. Li-chi-tchin, Siu-kouang-ki, and Campion add. Stan.
E iE ltrtJ N ib o ta of Japan. A w ax insect feeding on it “ very much like or perhaps identical with
the Chinese pela,” -secreting “ lumps of a slightly transparent white wax of a crystalline £
tion, and a very high melting point,” but “ of little industrial importance, not being abundant (Jap.
Pedimculatum of Japan. A tree “ yielding a kind of vegetable tallow,’’ -but
at present “ seldom cultivated,” on account of its evergreen foliage casting “ too mudi shadow
on “ plants cultivated underneath” (Jap. centen. comm. 56): observed in Japan by Thunberg 77
fPcrs Ì fl
t 'ixora manila 6f the Philippines. A shrub or small tree, growing among the man£Oves an
called in Tagalo “ nilar” or “ nllad ” (Blanco) ; and giving its name to the new city, mam .
signifying a place where this tree abounds : — observed by Blanco.
valleys of Pachacamac, Rimac so named from a speaking statue, Chancay, and Huaman ; all under
the rule of Cuysmancu, who submitted to the conditions of peace.*
Among other objects of worship was “ the fo x, which they respected for his cunning and sagacity”—
(G. de la Vega vi. 30).
“ 1351 A. D.” (Gaubil, and Pauth. p. 373), by Chun-ti IIL , extensive works undertaken to change
the course of Floang-ho river.
“ In this year ” (Major pr. PL 34), the “ Isola de la Legname ” (Madeira), “ Porto Santo,” “ Isole
deserte,” and the Azores, on a map made by a Genoese, — and now in Florence.
“ March 20th (= 752 A. H. Moharram 21 ” of Ferishtah, as. res. vii. 175, and Elph.), Mohammed
Toghlak succeeded by Firuz Toghlak now sixteenth sultan of Delhi. — In “ 1356,” he received embassies
from Bengal and the Deccan, thus acknowledging their independence.
“ About five hundred years ago” (Campbell, and Royle fibr.), the art of making /afer introduced
from China into Nepal: J— “many of the books in Nepal written on this paper are of considerable
age” (Drur.).
“ 1352 A. D. (= 2012th of Synmu,” art de verif,), Siukouo succeeded by Kouo-gen II. or Go-
Koiio-gen, now dairo of Japan.
“ The same year” (Pauth. 374)1 >tt China, remarkable earthquake at a city of Chen-si, continuing
a “ hundred days : ” discovery of “ five hundred bows, nine to ten feet long,” and of a pattern unknown
to antiquity. And in the same year, beginning of the rebellion of Tai-tsou against Chun-ti III.
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 307, and Blair), the Turks entering Macedonia in numbers and disturbing
the country, first establish themselves in Europe.
“ Dec. i8th” (Alst., and Nicol.), Clemens VI. succeeded by cardinal Stephen Aubert, now
Innocentius VI., forty-third pope. Charles IV. ruling Germany and Italy ; and John II., France.
“ The same year,” Ebn Batuta journeying from Sigilmasa South across the Sahara. At Abu
Latin, the first district of Sudan, the sister’s sou is the heir; a custom witnessed by him “ only among
the infidel Hindus of Malabar.” Thence, after “ ten days,” he reached the village of Zaghari, “ large
and inhabited by black merchants” (Barabra), together with “ a number of Whites of the Ibazia
sect of heretics;” and next, the town of Karsanju on the “ great river” (Niger). Thence the river
flows to Kabara; Zaga (Sego), the inhabitants of which were the first to embrace Islamism ; Tam-
bactu, and Kawkaw, both of which places he visited; Muli, “ tlie extreme district of Mali; and Yuwi,
“ the greatest district of Sudan,” where white persons are killed if they attempt to enter. At Mali
(Melli of Leo Africanus, and Denham), high trees and rain water were abundant. — Returning Northward,
Ebn Batuta visited Bardama, Nakda, the copper mines, the territories of Hakar where the
inhabitants are Berbers, and next reached Sigilmasa.
‘ 354 A. D. (= “ 3d year of Kouo-gen I I .,” art de verif.), visit of the cubo Takaudsi to Kouo-
gen II.
1355 A. D. (= “ 4th year of Kouo-gen II .,” art de verif.), the cubo Takaudsi sent by Kouo-
gen II. to quiet disturbances.
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 397), at Rome, Charles IV. crowned emperor by two legates from the
pope : after having promised to depart immediately afterwards from Rome and Italy.
“ In this year” (Spreng.), Jacobus de Dondis, according to his own account, writing.
Cnidium apioides of central Europe. The S I L 6 r m 0 111 K n U m of Jacobus de Dondis — is
referred here by Sprengel: C. apioides Is described by Tilli hort. pis. pl. 39; is termed “ laserpitium
silaifolium ” by Murray (Steud.); was observed by Villars in Dauphine; and is known to grow in
rough stony places in Carniolia and Austria (Jacq. austr. app. pl. 44).
“ 1356, May [6th to 24th ” (Nicol.), a synod in London. “ A tenth of the revenues of the clergy ”
granted to the king for one year.
“ Sept. 19th” (Blair), the French defeated at Poitiers and their king John taken pri.soner, by
Edward the Black prince.
* Salix Humboldtiana of Western Peru. The Peruvian willow, a tree with ascending branches,
m the distance readily mistaken for Populus fastigiata: the great fortress built by the Incas in the
Guarco valley contains “ willow beams ” — according to .Markham edit. Ciez. p. 259: S. Humbold-
tiana was observecl by myself everywhere planted for ornament in Lower Peru. From transported
specimens, is described by Willdenow (Steud.).
t Daphne papyracea of the Himalayan mountains. The “ setburosa” or Nepalpaper-shrub may
have been at once used : — it is termed “ d. cannabina ” by Wallich, “ d. odora ” by Don fl, Nep. 68.;
IS known to grow in Khasia, Silhet, and Nepal, in oak forests and on the most exposed parts of the
most snow-covered mountains throughout the province of Kumaon, and the paper prepared from it is
m great request for records in the country around, being “ almost as durable as leather” (Campb.,
Murray in as. res., and Drur.).