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CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
T r i u m f e t t a l a f p u l a of Western Equatorial Africa. A Tiliaceous weed through European colonists
carried to the West Indies : observed there by Plumier pl. 255, — and Mac fa£ en 1 10 ; also to
Brazil, and Bermuda (Pers.). Eastward, known to grow in Equatorial Africa (fl. Nigr., and A. Dec.).
D e s m o d i u m i n c a n u m of Equatorial Africa. A Leguminous plant, through European colonists
carried to the West Indies, observed there by Plumier pl. 149 — (Pers.), and Swartz ; by Macfadyen,
frequent in pastures and along roadsides on Jamaica (A. Dec.). Eastward, known to grow in Equatorial
Africa and perhaps wild also on the Mauritius Islands (Dec. prodr., and fl. Nigr.).
P a r k i n s o n i a a c u l e a t a of Tropical Africa? A small ornamental tree, observed in the West Indies
by Plumier pl. 3 — (Spreng.), and Jacquin amer. pl. 129 ; by Browne, brought to Jamaica from the
neighbouring continent; where however according to Kunth, its names indicate a foreign origin
(A.^Dec.). Eastward, was cultivated in Senegal in •“ 1S16,” and has since become naturalized on the
Wallo plains (Perrott. and Le Pr.) ; was observed by myself under cultivation in Yemen ; appears
to have been only recently carried to Hindustan, where it is “ now almost naturalized being common
about Bombay,” but seems devoid of a native name (Pidd., and Moon) ; is enumerated by Mason
as “ exotic” in Burmah. Clearly by European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where
it was observed by Bojer only under cultivation.
E c a s t a f k y l l u m B r o w n e i o t Tropical America. Observed in the West Indies by Plumier 246. 2
— (Spreng.), and Browne pl. 32, and known to grow along the shore as far as Brazil — (Pers., and
A. Dec.)." Occurring also on the African coast at Senegal and Guinea (Dec., and fl. Nigr.), probably
transported by the ocean currents.
O l d e n l a n d i a c o r y m b o s a of Tropical America. Observed by Plumier 212. i in the West Indies
— (Spreng.), by Berlandier in Mexico; and known to grow in Jamaica ancl Cayenne (herb. Dec.).
Probably by European colonists carried to the Moluccas (herb. Dec.), and across the Atlantic to
Senegal and Guinea (fl. Nigr., and A. Dec.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), after his Prodrom. “ in 1689,” Magnol publishing his
Hort. Monsp., enumerating L o n i c e r a P y r e n a i c a 209, S a x i f r a g a I n r s u t a 87, A r e n a r i a l a n c i f o l i a 11,
G a r i d e l l a n i q e l l a s t r u m 143, O n o n i s t r i d e n t a t a 16, O . c r i s p a 17, A s t r a g a l u s U r a l e n s i s 2 7 C h i y s a n -
C e r a s t i u m s e m i d e c a n d r u m pl. 15. i, P i n g u i c u l a v i l l o s a hist. i. 752, S u b u l a r i a a q u a t i c a syn. 111.
307, F e s t u c a u n i g l u m i s 17. 2, T r i s e t u m p u b e s c e n s 21. 2, A n t h e - ñ - c u m s e r o t i n u m 17. I, S e d u m A n g l i -
* Barbarea præcox of Siberia. Called Belleisle cress (Prior), and already in Britain in the days
of Ray syn. 297 ; — regarded by Watson as exotic and only naturalized ; known to grow spontaneously
on the neighbouring portion of the continent from France to Sweden (Pers., Fries, and A. Dec.);
and observed by Gmelin in Siberia (Steud.).- B y European colonists, was carried to Northeast America
where it continues sparingly cultivated in our Northern, and according to A. Gray in our Middle
States, “ becoming spontaneous farther South ; ” to the Mauritius Islands, where it continues to be
re»ularly cultivated and is distinguished as early winter-cress (Boj.Bidens cernua ; see B. vulgaris). of Northeast America. A species of bur-marigold, transported to and naturalized
in Europe before the days of Ray syn. 187; — termed “ bidens radiata” by Thuillier ; and known
to occur throughout middle Europe as far as Sweden (Linn., fl. Dan. pl. 3x2, Curt. lond. pl. , Engl,
bot. pl. 1 1 14, Willd., Pers., and Wats.). Westward, is known to grow throughout Canada from Quebec
to the Saskatchewan (Hook.), and from “ New England to Wisconsin ” (A. Gray) ; observed by
myself from 43° along the Atlantic, on the marshy border of slow-moving water, and often in wet
places by the roadside ; by Torrey, to 41°, and by Conrad to 40°; by Schweinitz, at 36° in Upper
CaroSlienlaaq; inaneldl ab ys eSlahgoirnto, idine sKentucky. _ of Northern climates. A club-moss termed “ selaginoides foliis spi-
n o s is ” by Ray angl. iii. io 5, — “ muscus terrestris repens clavis singubribus foliosis e re ctis” by
Scheuchzer it. pl. 6, and known to grow throughout Northern Europe (Dill. muse. pl. 88) : observed
by Linnæus in Lapland, and Sweden as far as Upland. Westward, by Pursh in New Hampshire ;
and according to A. Gray, grows in “ wet places,” “ Michigan, Lake Superior and northward, pretty
rare.”Lycopodium inundatum of Northern climates. A cluV-moss termed “ muscus terrestris repens
clavis singularibus foliosis e rectis” by Ray angl. iii. 108,— “ 1. palustre repens clava singulan ” by
Vaillant paris. pl. 16, and known to grow throughout Northern and middle Europe (Dill. muse. pl.
62) : observecl by Linnæus in Sweden. Westward, by myself in bogs from 47° on the Lower St.
Lawrence to North Conway and 42° along the Atlantic ; rarer perhaps in the Interior, known to A.
Gray in central New York as growing in “ sandy bogs, northward, rare.”
OF A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S AN D P L A N T S
c u m 12. 2, E u p h o r b i a P o r t l a n d i c a 24. 6 , 'A s t r a g a l u s h y p o g l o t t i s 12. 3, T r i f o l i u m s t r i a t i im 13. 3, and
G e a s i r u m r u f e s c e n s i. i, P y r o l a m i n o r angl. iii. p. 363.
S a g i n a e r e c t a of Northern Europe. A vernal annual described by Ray 15. 4 — (Spreng.) ; termed
“ moenchia quaternella” by Ehrhart; observed by Moench in Germany; by Baumgarten, in Transyb
vania (Steud.) ; and known to grow in Britain and France (Eng. bot. pl. 609, and Lam. fl. fr.). By
European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, has been found “ near Baltimore, in dry
ground” (A. Gray). ^ w
C h e n o p o d i u m s e r o t i n u m of the Uralian plains. An annual termed “ blitum ficus folio by Kay
angl. iii. p. 155 — (L in n) ; observed by Pallas trav. i. 53 along the V o lga ; known to grow also in
Siberia, and Westward occurring as far as Britain, France, and Spain (Pers.).
P h l e u m a r e n a r i u m of the seashore of Europe and the Mediterranean countries. Termed
“ gramen typhinum maritimum minus” by Ray angl. iii. 398, — and Plukenet aim. pl. 33 (Lmn.),
“ gramen spicatum maritimum minimum spica cylindracea” by Tournefort inst. 520, and known to
grow along the Atlantic shore of Europe (Engl. bot. pl. 222, and Pers.) : observed by Linnæus in
Sweden as far as Scania ; by Desfontaines i. 61, in the maritime sand of Barbary ; by Sibthorp, frequent
around the Greek islands.
“ In this y e a r ” (append. Sibth , and Spreng.), Rivinus publishing his Introd. in rem. herb., and
his Monop., enumerating S a l v i a v i r g a t a , T e u c r i u m c a m p a n u l a l u m , T . O r i e n t a l e , and L i n a r i a C h a l e -
p e n s i s .
“ S ep t 23d ” (Thunb., and Spreng.), after visiting Persia in “ 1683,” and proceeding by way of the
Persian Gulf in “ 1689,” Kaempfer arriving in Japan, meeting with p i c u s p u m i l a am. 805, F . e r e c t a pl. 4,
S k im m i a J a p ó n i c a pi. 5, W e i g e l i a J a p ó n i c a pl. 45, A r a l i a J a p ó n i c a pl. 10, D a p h n e o d o r a f i . 16,
H y d r a n g e a h o r t e n s i s am. 854, C o n v a l l a r i a J a p ó n i c a am. 824, P h y t o l a c c a o c t a n d r a am. 829, M a g n o l i a
k o b u s pL 42, M . o b o v a t a pl. 43. 44, B i g n o n i a g r a n d i f l o r a pl. 2t, C l e r o d e n d r o n t r i c h o t o n i u m pl. 22,
D o l i c h o s c u l t r a l u s pl. 25, D . i n c u r v u s pl. 39, D . a n g u l a r i s pl. 40, C i t r u s t r i f o l i a t a am. 802, A s t e r
h i s p i d u s pl. 29, I n u l a J a p ó n i c a pl. 30, V a n i l l a a n g u s t i f o l i a am. 869 f. i, A e r i d e s a r a c h n i t e s 869 f. 2,
D e n d r o b i u m m o n i l i f o r m e am, 8 6 5 , A r i s t o l o c h i a K a e m p f e r i pl. 49, Q u e r c u s g l a u c a y \ . 17, D i o s c o r e a
q u i n q u e l o b a pl. 15, T a x u s m a c r o p h y l l a pl. 24, and P t e r i s p i l o s e l l o i d e s . — Leaving “ in 1692, ’ he published
his Amoen. exot. “ in 1712,” and died “ in 1716.”
“ Dec. 23d” (Humb. cosm. ii. and iv.), Uranus seen by Flamstead, but not recognized as a
planet.
“ 1691 A . D.” (art de verif.), Suliman I II . succeeded by Achmed I I. or Achmet I I ., twenty-
second Turkish sultan.
“ The same year ” (Pautb. 437), expedition of the emperor Khang-hi, accompanied by the Jesuit
missionary P. Gerbillon, into the country of the Kalkas or Eleuths. P. de Mailla and other Jesuit
missionaries, were employed by Khang-hi in constructing by the European method maps of the different
provinces of China.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Rivinus publishing his Tetrap., enumerating H e d y s
a r u m f l e x u o s u m ; — “ in 1699,” his Pentap. ; and died “ in 1725.”
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Plukenet publishing his Phytogr., enumerating* P r u n
u s S i n e n s i s pl. u . f. 4, K o s t e l e t z k y a V i r g i n i c a 6. f. 4, S e n e c i o h i e r a c i f o l i u s 112. f. i. — The work
was completed “ in 1693.”
C o r c h o r u s a c u t a n g u l u s of Tropical Africa. A Tiliaceous esculent called in Bengalee “ tittapat ”
(Roxb., ancl A . D e c .) ; from transported specimens described by Plukenet phyt. pl. 44, — and
Lamarck (Pe rs.). Through European colonists was carried to the West Indies, where according to
* Q u e r c u s a g r i f o l i a of California. An o a k , from transported specimens termed “ ilex foliis agri-
folii Americana” by Plukenet phyt. — (Brendel in Am. nat. May 1870). Westward, observed by
Nee p. 271 on the Pacific shore of North America (Pers,).
S i c y o s a n g u l a t u s of Japan ? The o n e - s e e d e d e n c u m b e r , herbaceous and climbing, called in Japan
“ tamatsagori ” (Thunb.), and known there as early probably as this date ; transported to Europe, is
described"by Plukenet phyt. 26. f. i, — and Plermann parad. pl. 133. Westward, has been observed
by myself in New England only as a garden weed ; but according to A. Gray, grows on “ river-banks ”
in central New Y o rk : was observed by Pursh from Canada to Carolina; by Elliot, in the upper district
of Carolina and Georgia; by Chapman, “ river-banks, Florida, and northward;” by Short, in
Kentucky; by Baldwin, on the Missouri (Torr.) ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas; and according to
Plooker, grows from Kettle fills along the Columbia to its mouth. Farther West, was observed by
myself naturalized on the Hawaiian Islands, around native villages in New Zealand and boiled for
greens, and in wild situations on the Upper Plunter in Australia, possibly introduced by Papuans :
by Thunberg, around Nagasaki in Japan.
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