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S c a b i o s a s t e l l a t a hisp. 365, R h a m n u s l y c i o i d e s hisp. 70, “ e. pumilum ” hisp. 456 E r y n g i u m t e n u e ,
“ thapsia quarta” hisp. 431 A t h a m a n t h a p a n a c i f o l i a , “ bulbosum serot. tenuitolium” hisp. 272 L e u -
c o i u m a u t u m n a l e , “ colchicum montanum” hisp. 267 B u l b o c o d i u m a i i t im i n a l e . A s p a r a g u s a l b u s hisp.
461, E r i c a M e d i t e r r a n e a hisp. 112, E . a u s t r a l i s hisp. 110, E . s c o p a r t a hisp. 113, E . u m b e l l a t a hisp.
115, E . c i n e r e a hisp. 116, E . c i l i a r i s hisp. 119, “ sanamunda prima” hisp. 175 P a s s e r i n a j u n i p e r i -
f o l i a , “ sanamunda secunda ” hisp. 17Ó P . p o l y g a l a e f o l i a , S i l e n e c ó n i c a hisp. 339, Y. m u s c i p u l a hisp.
340, S . p o l y p h y l l a hisp. 336, Y. t r i d e n t a t a hisp. 343, “ alsine corniculata” hisp. 416 C e r a s t i u m
d i c h o t o m u m , C i s t u s l a v a n d u l i f o l i u s hisp. 147, C. l a d a n i f e r u s hisp. 156, C. l a u r i f o h u s hisp. 158,
C. t a x u s hisp. 160, C . c r i s p u s hisp. 139, C. C l u s i i hisp. 151, H e l i a n t h e m u m e l o n g a t i im hisp. 148, H .
p i l o s u m hisp. 152, H . l e d i f o l i u m hisp. 154, H . l i b a n o t i s hisp. 162, H . h a l im i f o l i u m hisp. 144, R a n u n c
u l u s b u l l a i u s hisp. 316, T e u c r i u m f r u t i c a n s hisp. 229, L a v a n d u l a m u l t i f i d a hisp. 235, S i d e r i t i s h i r s
u t a hisp. 390, L i n a r i a t r i p k y l l a hisp. 351, L a v a t e r a m a r i t im a hisp. 91, S p a r t i u m s p h a e r o c a r p u m
hisp. 205, “ tinctoria hispan.” hisp. 200 G e n i s t a f l o r i d a , C y t i s u s d i v a r i c a i u s hisp. 192, C . t r i f l o r u s
hisp. 195, C o r o n i l l a V a l e n t i n a hisp. 197, T r i f o l i u m s q u a r r o s u m hisp. 247, L o t u s c y t i s o id e s hisp. 204,
“ jacea luteo flore” hisp. 368 C e n t a u r e a v e r u t r u m , C . S a lm a n t i c a hisp. 360, Q u e r c u s t a u z i n hisp. 24,
Q . L u s i t a n i c a hisp. 23, V i s c u m o x y c e d r i h i x s f . 102, and A s p l é n i u m p a lm a t u m hisp. 494.
“ 1577 A. D.” (Parkhurst, Haki,, and Holmes), “ one hundred ships from Spain, fifty from Portugal,
one hundred and fifty from France, and fifty from England,” engaged in the Newfoundland fishery.
Besides “ twenty or thirty ships from Biscay, to kill w h a l e s for train oil.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Gerhardus Mercator.
“ 157S A. D .” (A. Dec. g. b. 978), Christophe Acosta writing De las drogas.
“ Aug. 20th” (Hackl. soc., Churchill coll., and Holmes), Francis Drake passing cape Virgin
Maria, near the entrance of the Straits of Magellan: among the simples on the South side of the
Straits, he remarked “ tim e ” ( . . . . ) , “ marjerom” ( . . . . ) , and “ Alexander’s scurvy g ra s s ”
( A p i u m d u l c e ') , “ and divers others well-known to u s ; ” and on an island, he met with “ fowl that
could not flj', as big as geese ” ( . . . . ) : entering the Pacific, his ship was driven Southward among
islands the uttermost cape of which is near Lat. 56° with no land in sight beyond ; in “ a good bay,
they saw many men and women naked in canoos ” (Fuegians), “ and traded with them for such things
as they had,” remarked their “ drinking of one herbe” not unlike “ pennyleafe” ( M y r t u s n u m m u l
a r i a ) , axiA found growing on shore a “ small berry with us named currants” ( R i b e s no, 10 expl,
exp.). Thence following the coast Northward, two of his men were killed by the natives of the
outlying island of Mocha in “ Lat. 39°,” At Valparaiso he captured a Spanish ship; proceeding
inland, “ plundered nme houses being all there were in that which they called the town of Santiago ; ”
and returning to the ship, continued his course Northward.
W i n l e r a a r o m a t i c a of Fuegia. A tree named from Winter, one of Drake’s oificers, who is said
to have discovered it — (Bethune), and who may have brought home specimens of the bark : “ Winters
b a rk e ” was gathered by Hawkins in 1593 in the Straits of Magellan, the leaf “ whitisli greene and
is not unlike to the aspen leafe ; ” but the W i n t e r ' s b a r k o i the present day, may be derived from
the more Northern species, which appeared to me decidedly distinct (See W. Chiiensis).
“ In this y e a r ” (Prior), Lyte publishing his Niewe Herbal.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Leon. Thurneysser publishing his Flist. plant., containing figures of
C a l y s t e g i a t om e ? i t o s a 485, M e u m h e t e r o p h y l l u m 1021, S a l s o l a r o s a c e a 41, C a r d a m i n e l a t i f o h a 163,
and c i u y s a n t h e m u m s e r o t i n u m 539, — He died “ in 1595,” a full edition was published by Thom.
Pancovius “ in 1654,” and a third by Barth. Zorn “ in 1673.”
E r i g e r o n (C a e n o tu s ) C a n a d e n s e of Northeast America. Figured by Thurneysser 538 — (Spreng.),
and as early as “ 1655 ” cultivated in the jardin de Blois and termed by Brunyer “ aster canadensis
annuus” — (Tourn., and A. Dec.) ; known to Boccone pl. 86 in Sicily in 1674, to Zannoni in Italy
m 1675, and in 1694 termed “ virga aurea virginiana annua” by Tournefort inst. 484: has become
naturalized in Algeria (Munby) and throughout Europe as far as Sweden and Moscow (Ten., and
Fries), from the Greek islands to Smyrna and Constantinople (Sibth.), in cultivated ground in the
Tauro-Caucasian countries (Bieb.), and in Siberia as far as the Altaian mountains (Ledeb., and
Dec.) ; by European colonists also, was carried to the Azores and Madeira (Dec., and Wats.),
Austral Africa (Drège), the West Indies, Mexico, and Brazil (Dec.), and the Hawaiian Islands
(Cham., and Mann). In its wild state, is known to grow in sunny situations from Canada along
the Atlantic to Lat, 31° in Florida (Pursh, Baldw., and Chapm.), to Kentucky (Short), the Arkansas
river (Nutt.) : but multiplying in clearings after the removal of the forest, has become an abundant
weed in waste and cultivated ground: was received by Torrey from Oregon.
“ 1579 A. D .” (Spreng.), Linschoten visiting the Malayan Archipelago and China. — He published
an account of his voyage “ in 1599,” — and died “ in 1601.”
“ The same year ( = 986 Hej.,” Pall. trav. i. 192), date of the latest of three Armenian inscriptions
in the cemetery of the ruined city of Bolgari, on the lower Volga.
“ June 5 th” (Hackl. soc., Churchill coll., and Plolmes), to avoid being intercepted, Drake proceeded
North, anchored in “ Lat. 43°,” and called this portion of the continent “ Albion.” He next
followed the coast Southward, and on the “ 17th ” anchored in a large bay in “ 38° 30' : ” a native in a
canoe brought a basket made of rushes ( S c i r p u s l a c u s t r i s ) filled with an “ herbe which they called
tabah ” ( . . . . )_ ; in the course of other interviews he ascertained, that the men for the most part
go naked, while the women make a loose garment of a kind of bulrushes and “ kembing” it after the
manner of hemp (cincture of A p o c y n u m ) ; the natives having quantities of the finest down from an
herb much like our lettuce ( . . . . ) , also a root called “ petah,” of which they make a kind of meal
and eat raw ( . . . . ) ; the country containing very large fat deer ( A m e i i c a n e l k , Cervus wapiti).
Thence he sailed Westward across the Pacific, the Malayan Archipelago, — Indian Ocean, and up
the Atlantic to England ; completing the Second Circumnavigation of the Globe “ Sept. 26th, 1580,”
in “ two yeares ten moneths and some few odcle daies beside.”
“ 1580 A. D .” (Spreng.), Alpinus arriving in Egypt, meeting with B u n i a s s p i n o s a exot. 200.—
He remained “ three years.”
C o r d ia c r e n a t a of Tropical Asia ? The “ sebesten sylvestris ” of Alpinus pl. 8 — is referred here
by Delile : C. crenata was observed by Forskal, and Delile, in the gardens of Egypt, and is described
as a small tree called “ mokhayet roumy ; ” as though brought from Constantinople.*
“ Between 1580-90 A. D.” (Jap. centen. comm. 60), Gorodayu Shonsui returning from China,
where he had studied “ this branch of trade,” brought the art of m aM m iy p o r c e l a i n to Japan.
“ 1581 A. D. = iSth year of the c y c le ” (Pauth. 411), arrival in China of the first Christian missionary,
the jesuit P. Michael Rogerius.
“ The same y e a r ” (S. F. Haven in archæol.. Amer. iv. 280), a number of eminent English merchants
incorporated for trade with Turkey. — A perpetual charter was granted them by king James
“ in 1605 : ” and under the name of “ the Levant or Turkey company,” the corporation conthiues in
existence to the present day.
■“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckler), Lobel publishing his Kruydtboeck and leones, enumerating
G y m n a d e n i a v i r i d i s obs. go, “ coins jo v is ” ic. 557 S a l v i a g l u t i n o s a , N a r d u s s t r i c t a ic. 90,
A r r h e n a n t h e r u m b u lb o s u m ic. 23, A v e n a n u d a ic. 32, P l a n t a g o s u b u l a t a ic. 439, P o l y e n e m u m e r i n a -
c e u m ic. 468, O m p h a l o d e s v e r n a ic. 577, S y m p h y t u m t u b e r o s u m ic. 584, V e r b a s c u m v i r g a t n m ic. 564,
B u n i u m a r o m a i i c u m ic. 724, M y r r h i s a u r e a ic. 735, L i n u m s t r i c t u m ic. 4 1 1, A. c a m p a n u l a l u m ic. 414,
T u l i p a s u a v e o l e n s ic. 127, S c i l l a h l i o - h y a c i n t h u s ic. lo t, A l l i u m c a r i n a t u m ic. 156, J u n c u s a q u a t i c u s
ic. 12, L u z u l a c a m p e s t r i s ic. 15, T r i g l o c h i n m a r i t im u m ic. 17, A l i s m a d a m a s o n i u m ic. 301, A . r a n u n -
c u h i d e s ic. 300, R J io d o d e n d r o n h i r s u t u m ic. 367, S a x i f r a g a B u r s e r i a n a ic. 3 7 f D i a n t h u s p r o l i f e r ic.
g r u i n u m ic. 662, O n o n i s r o t u n d i f o l i a ic. 2. 73, C y t i s u s a r g e n t e u s ic. 2. 41, A s t r a g a l u s s t e l l a ic. 2- 95,
* A n t e n n a r i a m a r g a r i t a c e a of North America and Kamtcliatka. Called in Britain e v e r l a s t i n g
f l o w e r (Prior), “ gnaphalium americanum” by Clusius, who iu this year received it from England";
— where it became naturalized before the days of R a y ; was known to the Bauhins only as a cultivated
plant, but has since been found seemingly wild in various parts of Europe (Haller, Allion., and
A. Dec.). Westward, “ Live forever a kind of cud-weed” was seen by Josselyn rar. 55 in New England:
A. margaritacea, by Lapylaie from Lat. 49° in Newfoundland; by myself, frequent from 4'#
on the Lower St. Lawrence to 42° along the Atlantic ; by Torrey, to 41° on the Hudson ; by Chapman,
in the “ Upper districts of North Carolina, and northward ; ” by Long’s Expedition ii., at Rainy Lake
(Schw.); was received by Torrey from Oregon ; by Gmelin, from Bering’s Island and Kamtchatka.
t A q u i l e g i a C a n a d e n s i s of Northeast America. The C a n a d i a n C o l u m b i n e transported to Europe
described by Lobel ic. 26, — Cornuti pi. 60, Morison iii. 12. 2. f. 4, and Miller pl. 47. Westward,
“ columbines, of a flesh-colour, growing upon rocks,” were seen by Josselyn 46 in New E n r ian d :
A. Canadensis is known to grow from Hudson Bay and 55° throughout Canada (Hook.); was observed
by Michaux from Canada to the Alleghanies of Carolina; by myself, on rocky hills throughout New
England; by A. Gray, “ common” in central NewY ’ ork; by Schweinitz, at 36° in Upper Carolina;
by Croom, near Newbern ; by Elliot, on the Alleghanies of Carolina and Georgia; by Chapman, in
“ rocky woods. West Florida and northward in the upper districts ; ” by Beck, as far as the .Mississippi
near St. Louis.
L im n a n i h e m u m l a c u n o s u m of Northeast America. An aquatic with small floating NyniphtEa-
like leaves, and the “ lutea minor ” found by Lobel p. 258 in the Thames, — may be compared : also
as transported to Europe, L. lacunosum is described by Ventenat (Steud.). Westward, according to
A. Gray, grows in Maine and Northern New York ; has been observed by myself frequent in lakes
and slow-moving water from 43° to 38° along the Atlantic; by Pursh, from New Jersey to Carolina;
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