T m:
cncntuni Americaznim, Crypsis? squa/rosa, Sesleria ? dactyloides, Boutelozia oligoslachya, Leptzirus?
paniculatus. " . ,
“ iSio, in the spr ing” (gen. i. 219 to ii. 142), after visiting Prairie du Chien on the Mississippi,
Fo.x river, Green Lay on Lake Michigan, and Michilimakinak, Nuttall near the confluence of Fluron
river witli Lake Erie, meeting with Ir is laczistris near Michilimakinak.
As early as this year (Baldw. reliq. p. 50-79), Stephen Elliot near Waynesboro’, Georgia, meeting
with Elliottia racemosa, Galactia E llio iiii (B. r .'2 i i ) , Baldruiuta zcnijlora (B. r. 307).
“ Oct. 24th ” (Nicol.), mental aberration of George III. of England, and his eldest son George
appointed regent or acting king.
“ As early as this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Steven publishing descriptions of plants of Southern Russia
and Caucasus in Acad. St. Petersburg iii and soc. nat. Mosc. ii to ix.
A llium guttatum of Eastern Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A rare species observed
by Steven in the countries about the Black Sea; — by Chaubard, only on the summit of mount Diaforti
in the Peloponnesus.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), I. F. Lehmann publishing his Flor. Wirceburg; — “ in 1815,” the
Second volume with a supplement.
Echinospermum defle.xum of Eastern Europe. Observed and distinguished by Lehmann ; —•
observed also by Wahlenberg (Steud.). In Britain, made its appearance “ in 1846” in a locality not
far from a garden (Wats. cyb. iii. 365), and is regarded by A . Decandolle as adventive only.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Goran Wahlenberg making his fourth visit to Lapland. — He published
his Flor. lappon. “ in iSi2„”
“ In this y e a r ” (A. Dec. g. b. Soo), Decandolle at Montpelier, — where he continued to reside
until “ iS i5.”
Onopordum virens of the West Mediterranean countries. A thistle observed by Decandolle
frequent around Montpelier— (A. Dec.).
Myriophyllum alternifolium of the West Mediterranean countries. Distinguished by Decandolle
; — observed by Gussone on Sicily, by Moris on Sardinia (A. Dec.). Probably by European colonists
carried to the Azores, received from those islands by Watson (Iond. journ. bot. vi. 3S2).
“ In this y e a r ” (append. Sibth.), by William Townsend Aiton, a Second edition of Aiton’s Hortus
kewensis, in which are enumerated Cypripedium aritlinum : — the filth and concluding volume “ in
1813.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), Robert Brown publishing his Prodr. flor. N. Holl.
“ i 8u A. D.” (Ciot-Bey and others), the breaking of Memluk power by the French having
brought into Egypt an army of four thousand Albanians, their chieftain Mohammed Ali acquired
prominence : and “ March i ith ” extinguished the remnant of Memluk aristocracy. — Mohammed AU
made himself virtually independent; and even threatened Constantinople, twice rendering European
interference indispensable.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), death of Pallas, leaving in his herbarium Trillhim
Camischaticum (obovatum of Pursh), Epilobium luteuzn, Potentilla villosa, Cheiranthus Fallasii,
Dielytra teindfolia.
“ July 4 th” (Kobell ii.), among the Azores, a new volcanic island rising out of the sea, to the height of
“ seven hundred ” fe e t: but during the “ six months ” following, gradually settled down and disappeared.
“ In this y e a r ” ( . . . . Winckl.), W. J. Hooker publishing his Travels in Iceland.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Michele Tenore publishing his Flor. Neapolitan. — The fifth volume
was issued “ in 1S38.”
Lamium flexziostim of Italy and Sicily. A woodland species observed by Tenore in Southern
Italy, — by Gussone around Naples as well as in Sicily (A. Dec. 707 and 1358).
“ In the autumn ” (Ph. pref. and i. # 71), after a visit to the West Indies “ in 1810,” Pursh landing
at Wiscasset in Maine, and journeying South called on Peck in Cambridge, collected plaiits “ in
Monmouth county. New Jersey,” and before the close of the year sailed from New York for England.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Jos. Franz von Jacquin publishing his Eel. plant, rar., — completed
“ in 1816.”
Not later than this year (Pursh i. 310), Nelson on the Northwest coast of America, meeting
with Saxifraga serpyllifoHa, S. setigera, Arenaria macrocaipa, Senecio cymbalaria. Aster peregrinus,
S a lix obovata.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), after his Etrennes de Flore “ in 1804,” Gaudin publishing his Agros-
tolog. Helvet. ; * — “ in 1828-33,” his Flor. Helvet. in vii vols.
* Oxytropis Lapponica of Arctic Europe ancl the alpine portion of Switzerland. Described by
Gaudin, — and rare in Switzerland, growing according to Koch on the Alps of Valais, and found
by Moritzi at I’Albula in the Grisons (A. D e c ) ; is rare also in the Scandinavian penmsula and in
Lapland (Fries) ; and according to Ledebour seems unknown in Siberia.
In this year (reliq. Baldw. 25 to 79), Muhlenberg at Lancaster Penns,, meeting with or receiving
from correspondents Sarpus plaitifolius 26, Oryzopsis nielaiiocarpa 45, having completed his Cata-
logue N, Am. plants, in which are enumerated Raziunculus fasciczdaris, rrifolium stoloniferzzm,
Desznodzzim humifziszim, Hydrocotyle izzterrzipta, Xylostezim oblongifolizim, Solidago squarrosa, Genti-
azia alba, Smilax hispida, Festuca? nidans, Eleocharis tenuis, Aesculus glabrl, Epilobium colora-
tum, Accrates connivens (Baldw. rel. 107); Scirpus atrovirens ( “ exaltatus” of Ph., B. r. 289)- —
the work was published “ in 1813 ” (Winckl.).
“ Apr. 8th to Nov. 4th ” (reliq. 25 to 51), William Baldwin at Wilmington Del. sending plants to
Muhlenberg, including Cerastium oblongifolium 26.
“ In this year ” (Sieb. eluc. Vries 50, and Jap. mann. 282), Golownin in a Russian frigate explor-
ing the Japanese seas, but landing on the Kurile island Kunashir, was surprised, overpowered, and
with his officers and boat’s crew made prisoners. They were conveyed bound fo Matsmai -? an d
detaired “ nearly^foo years ” until the arrival of a satisfactory disavowal ofth e Saghalien incu’rsion.
“ 1812 A. D .” (Inman), Louisiana, with restricted boundaries, admitted into the Union as a Stale.
“ Apr. 2oth ” (reliq. 53-75), after landing at Charleston in the beginning of December rS ii, and
visiting Savannah, Baldwin at the “ Creek Agency on Flint r iv e r ” in “ Lat. 32° 3 9 '” at the foot of
the Alleghanies, meeting with Silene Baldwini 73, WaUisteinia lobata 93, Rumex {Acetosella) hasta-
tulus 147: after visiting Coweta town on the Chatahoochee, he returned to Savannah, and “ May
30h ” reached his station at St. Mary’s where he met with Eleocharis {Chcetocypei-us) Baldwini 341,
Eryngium aromaticum, 203, Palafoxia integz-ifolia 335, — and in the two following years Gratiola
subulata 117, Gymnadenia nivea 117, Eryngium Baldwini 154, Erianthus stz'ictus 335, Psoralea
virgata 337, Xyris Baldwini 337, “ x. cylindrica” white-flowered 210 to 337 W. torta?, Panicum
vzscidum 207, Salvia {Dicerandz-a) linearifolia 2S0, R/zy/ichosfora E llio ttii 285, Dichromena latifo
lia (Chapm.).
A t this time (Baldw. 52 to 153), Oemler at Savannah, sending plants to Muhlenberg, and Elliot,
including Coliinsonia verticillata^ Coreopsis Oemleri.
As early as this year (see Pursh), Colmaster at Labrador, meeting with Potentilla emarginata,
Artemisia spithamcea, Arnica piantaginea, Platanthera dilatata.
“ In this y e a r ” (Pritzel, and Lindl.), after his Botanico-med. brasil. “ in 1803,” Gomez publishing
in acad. Lisb. ii. 23 a memoir on certain plants.*
“ June iSth ” (Maunder), act of the American congress, declaring war against Britain.
“ Aug. 17 th ” (Maunder), capture of Smolensko ; followed by the battle at Borodino, and the
entrance ofthe French army into Moscow. The city was burned by its inhabitants, and “ Oct. 19th ’’ the
French army commenced their re trea t; but through the want of supplies, the severity of tlie winter,
length of the journey, and the pursuing Russians, was almost annihilated before reaching Saxony.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Palisot de Beauvois publishing his Agrostographie,"enumerating
Triplasis Americana (Chapm.). — He died “ in 1820.”
“ 1813, February” (Maunder), manifesto of the emperor Alexander at the head of his army in
£ I a n d ; serving as a basis for the coalition of other European powers against Napoleon. Prussia
joined at once, and was followed by Austria; and “ Oct. iSth ” at Leipsic, the French, abandoned in
the midst of battle by the Saxon troops, were defeated. After another defeat “ Oct. 30th ” at Hanau,
the French were driven across the Rhine ; the pursuing army following them into France.
“ In this y e a r ” (A. Dec. 627, and Winckl,), Hugh Davies publishing his “ Welsh botanolo»y; ”
a flora of Anglesey, with Welsh names of the plants.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), C. S. Kunth publishing his Flor. berolin.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Mich. Fel. Dunal publishing his Hist, des Solanum.
“ The same year ” (Pauth. 3), under the editorship of the younger De Guignes, publication at Paris
of the first Chinese dictionary for the use of Europeans.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. F. Wats.), Whitelaw Ainslie at Madras publishing his “ Materia medica
of Hindoostan ”
“ In this y e a r ” (Pursh p. 735), publication of Fraser’s Catalogue, including plants collected by
Nuttall on the Missouri.
* Mikania opifera of Brazil. A climbing plant called there “ erva da cobra,” employed externally
and internally in cases of bites of venomous serpents, and said to effect a cure by its powerful
diuretic action — (Mart. trav. i. 327, nnd Lindl.).
Tz-iMegis glutinosa of Southern Brazil. A grass called “ capim gordiira” that extended itself
from “ 17° 40' S .” into the province of Minas Geraes a few years before the visit o f A . Saint-
Hilaire, taking possession of the soil wherever an isolated forest in the midst of the plains “ campos ”
is burned (ann. sc. nat. xxiv. 76, and A. Dec.).
: 1 'K ' !■ ' f , ; 1 ►
i'l
Ì
(ii!
jiii
r .
to-.
'i;