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9 5 0 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
S m i l a x Z e y l a n i c a of Tropical Eastern Asia. Calied in the environs of Bombay “ gootee w a il”
(Graham), in Burmah “ ku-ku” (Mason) ; and among the natives as early perhaps as this year substituted
for sarsaparilla ; — observed by Rheede vii. pl. 31 in Malabar ; by Graham, in both ‘ ‘ Deccan
and Concans;” by Roxburgh, in Eastern Hindustan; by Mason v. 501, in “ jungle s” in Burmah,
“ used by the natives as a medecine, to supply the place of a species of sarsaparilla, whose dried
roots are sold in the b a z a r s ;” the “ china Amboinensis” of Rumphius v. pl. 161 is also referred
here by writers.
“ 1637, April ” (Hazard coll. i. 421, and Holmes), proclamation by king Charles, prohibiting
emigration, unless under a certificate of having “ taken the oaths of supremacy and allegiance, and
conformed to the discipline of the Church of England.”
“ In this y e a r ” (.Spreng., and Winckl.), Wilhelm Piso, in an Expedition under Maurice of
Nassau, arriving in Brazil, meeting with C o s t u s s p i c a t u s 214, T h a l i a g e n i c u l a t a 224, P i p e r c a u d a t u m
197, P . p e l t a t u m 197, P . r u g o s u m 216, X y r i s A m e r i c a n a 238, C y p e r u s S u r i n a m e n s i s 238, K y l l i n g a
o d o r a t a 231, D i c h r o m e n a c i l i a t a 238, S p e r m a c o c e l i i i i f o U a 199, C a l l i c o c c a M u t i s i i 231, P h y s a l i s
p u b e s c e n s 223, S o l a n u m B a h a m e n s e 182, Y. p a n i c u l a t u m i8t, Y. z n a c r o c 'a ip o n 2io, S a b i c e a c in e r e a
184, P l u m b a g o s c a t i d e n s 200, G e n i p a A m e r i c a n a 138, A t r o p a a r b o r e s c e n s 224, P h i l o x e r u s v e r m i c u -
l a r i s 243, H y d r o c o t y l e z im b e l l a t a 260, B r o m e l i a a c a n g a 293, B . h u m i l i s 192, B . b r a c t e a t a 194, P a u l -
l i n i a p i n n a t a 250, G o m p h i a j a b o t a p i t a 166, “ paionariba” 185 C a s s i a t o n g i s i l i q u a , C . s e r i c e a 185,
G u a r e a t r i c h i l i o i d e s i q o , M a l p i g h i a f a g i n e a 169, “ caapongo ” 243 P o r t u l a c a h a l im o i d e s , P . p i l o s a
244, P s i d i u m a r o m a t i c u m 15, P l i u i a c r o c e a 187, C e r e u s f l a g e l l i f o r m i s 189, C . R o y e n i 189, C . t r i a n g u l
a r i s 190, O p u n t i a C u r a s s a v i c a 190, P e r e s k i a p o r t u l a c i f o l i a 191, L e c y t h i s p a r v i f l o i - a 137, “ ianipaba”
138 A c i o a d u l c i s , N y m p h a e a o d o r a t a 219, A p e i b a t ib o u r b o u 123, B i g n o n i a c h r y s a n t h a 148, B . a l b a
164, B . o r b i c u l a t a 165, J a c a r a n d a B r a z i l i e n s i s 165, T a n a e c i u m j a r o b a 173, “ murucuia” 247 P a s s i f
l o r a f i l a m e n t o s a , P . a n g u s t i f o l i a 247, P . m a l i f o r m i s 248, M e l o c h i a p y r a m i d a t a 222, G u s t a v i a a u g u s t a
172, G o s s y p i u m v i t i f o l i u m i 85, G e o f f i r a e a s p i n o s a 174, H e d y s a r u m s u p i n u m 201, V e r n o n ia s c a b r a
\ j 6 , E u p a t o r i u m i v a e f o l i u m 2 .1 7 , E . o d o r a t u m 2 x 8 , A r i s t o l o c h i a r / g r a r 260, “ aninga ” 220 A r u m
l i n g u l a t u m , C a l a d i u m a r b o r e s c e n s 220, C . b i c o l o r 2 3 7 , J a n i p h a L o e f l i n g i i 179, U r t i c a b a c c i f e r a 235,
C u c u m i s a n g u i n u s 2 6 2 , C . a n g u r i a 263, D i o s c o r e a s a t i v a 255, “ pindova” C a n a r i u m a e c n m a n u m ,
L i c u a l i a s p i n o s a 126, C a r i c a s p i n o s a l 5o, M o r u s ? t i n c t o r i a 163, F e u i l l e a c o r d i f o l i a 259, C e c r o p ia
p a l i n a t a 147, and C i s s a m p e l o s c a a p e b a 261, C n i d o s c o l n s s t im u l o s a 7 9 . f. 2. — He was joined by
Marcgraf in the following year: the Expedition returned “ in 1641 Marcgraf died “ in 1644,” and
the Hist. Nat. Br.ts. was published by Joan de Laet “ in 16 4 8 ;” Piso published a second edition
“ in 1658,” and Maurice died “ in 1679 ”
V i s m i a g u t t i f e r a of Eastern Equatorial America, A bush about ten feet high, observed by Piso
and Marcgraf 96. f. i , in Brazil, — and by Aublet ii. pl. 311 in Guayana: yielding with other species
a purgative gum-resin resembling gamboge, and imported into Europe under the name of A m e r i c a n
g a m b o g e . *
M im o s a a s p e r a t a of Equatorial Africa. Known to grow there both in the Eastern and Western
portion (fl. Nigr.), and probably by European colonists carried to Tropical America; observed by
Piso 203 in Brazil, and called “ caaco ” — (Spreng.) ; was thence introduced into Jamaica according
to Browne, and was seen by Macfadyen in gardens only; continues on the continent from Venezuela
to Brazil (Benth,. and A. Dec.). Clearly by European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands,
observed under cultivation by Bojer,
M u c u n a u r e n s of Tropical Atlantic shores. A woody-stemmed climbing bean, its pods covered
with stinging hairs called c v w i c h , observed by Piso 307 in Brazil — (Spreng.); by Sloane i. 79,
Plumier, and Jacquin, in the We.st Indies; and known to grow on the neighbouring portion of South
America (A. De c.). Instances of its seeds carried by ocean-currents to the coast of Scotland being
* V a n d e l l i a d i f f u s a of Equatorial Africa and Madagascar. Probably by European colonists carried
to Tropical America ; observed by Marcgraf xv. pl. 32 in Brazil, — by Aublet ii. pl. 251 in Guayana,
and known to occur “ frequentissima ad vias ” as far as the West Indies and Guyaquil (Pers.,
and A. D e c .) ; calleci in Arowak “ haimarada,” by the Dutch settlers “ bitter blain,” and “ of great
value in Guayana as an antibilious emetic and febrifuge, and a most efficacious remedy in malignant
fevers and dysentery” (Hancock med. bot. trans. 1829). Eastward, known to grow in Guinea
(Hook. fl. Nigr.), and on Madagascar (Benth.) ; but possibly by European colonists, carried to tlie
Mauritius Islancls (Lindi.).
R e m i r e a m a r i t im a of the Equatorial shores of the Atlantic. A r e e d observed by Piso 238 in
Brazil — (Spreng.), by Aublet pl. 16 in the maritime sands of Guayana. Known to grow also on the
opposite African seashore (Kunth, and Benth. fl. Nigr.), seeds doubtless transported from one continent
to the other by ocean-currents (A. Dec.).
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 9 5 1
known to Sloane, the plant probably crossed the Atlantic without human intervention ; was observed
by Adanson in Senegal (Steud.) ; is known to grow also in Guinea, and on Fernando Po (Benth. fl.
Nigr.), ^
I r e s t n e v e r m t c u l a r i s of the Atlantic seashore of Tropical America and Africa. A branching
prostrate Aniaranthaceous plant called in Brazil “ caaoponga” (Pis. 243) or “ parexxil ” — (Marcg.
14, and Willd. i. 2322) : observed by Swartz obs. lo i in the West Indies ; known to grow on Key
West (Torr.), and “ sandy sea-shores, South Florida” (Pursh, and Chapm.). Eastward, on the
seashore of Senegal and Guinea (Moq., A. Dec., and Benth. fl. Nigr.), doubtless transported from
one continent to the other by ocean currents.
S m i l a x s i p h i l i t i c a o i d Upper Orinoco. Among other species substituted for sarsaparilla, a
kind was observed by Marcgraf and Piso iii. 258 in B ra z il: — S. siphilitica, known to grow on the
Cassiquiare branch of the Orinoco (Pers., and Lindl.), is said to have been found farther South by
Martius, on the Rio Negro and at Yupura, and according to Pareira furnishes the B r a z i l i a n or
L i s b o n s a r s a p a r i l l a .
“ i 638> April 12th” (art de verif., and Thunb, trav. iv. 30), capture of the fortress of Sinabaro, in
which the Christians of Japan had all taken refuge. They were put to death, “ thirty-seven thousand ”
in number, and the extinction of Christianity in Japan completed.
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn fl. siiec. p. viii), J. Frankenius publishing his “ Speculum Botanicum : ” in
which Swedish plants are for the first time enumerated, intermingled however with exotic. He mentions
C h r y s o s p l e n i u m a l t e r n i f o l i u m 2 7 , R u b u s a r c t i c u s 14, B e t u l a n a n a 32. — He published a Second
edition “ in 1659,” and died “ in 1661.”
“ April ” (H. C. Murphy note to Vanderd. vertoogh 77), arrival of Swedes in the Delaware, where
they commenced a settlement and fort, notwithstanding the protest of the Dutch governor Kieft at
New Amsterdam.
“ M a y ” (Hazard coll. i. 422, and Holmes), an order staying eight ships on the point of sailing:
by which, John Hampden, and Oliver Cromwell, among other persons, were prevented from coming to
New England. Before the close of the year (Pemberton, and Holmes), arrival in the Thames of the
first New England-built ship.
“ June i s t ” (Holmes), a violent e a r t h q u a k e in New England,— long remembered in the annals
of the colony.
“ The same y e a r ” (Winthrop, and Holmes), legacy by John Harvard, a clergyman of Charlestown,
to the college founded the previous y e a r ; and the name of “ Cambridge ” given to the site
selected. Josselyn voy. 29 arriving “ July 3d ” found Boston consisting of “ not above twenty or thirty
houses.” “ Oct. n th ,” he was treated with “ half a score very fair pippins” from Governor’s Island
in Boston harbour, “ there being not one a p p l e tree nor p e a r planted yet in no part of the country but
upon that island.”
“ Tlie same y ear” ( . . . . ), at Gizeh, the coating of the Second pyramid continuing entire ; the
sides described by Greaves, as rising “ not with degrees like ” the First pyramid, “ but are all of them
plain and smooth.” — At the time of my own visit, the coating remained only on the apex.
“ The same year, Pedro de Silvoa being vice roy ” (Krapf trav.), date of the above-mentioned
inscription over the gateway of the fortress at Mombas.
“ 1639 A. D .” (Winthrop, and Holmes), the h xM p r i n t i n g - p r e s s in North America set up at Cambridge.
The settlers at Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield, three towns on the Connecticut, finding
themselves without the limits of the Massachusetts charter, conceived the idea of forming by voluntary
compact a distinct commonwealth: the constitution framed,— is much celebrated; and after being
extended to all Connecticut, “ has continued with little alteration to the present time” (Hazard coll. h
437, and Holmes).
“ The same y e a r ” (Chaim., and Plolmes), by king Cliarles, William Berkeley appointed governor
of Virginia, and civil privileges restored ; including “ a provincial legislature, a regular administration
of Justice, a government of laws.” In Maryland, the House of Assembly established ; its acts to be
“ of the same force, as if the proprietary and freemen had been personally present: ” in one of these
acts “ the people” are defined, as consisting of all Christian inhabitants “ s l a v e s only excepted.” —
Arriving in Virginia, Berkeley continued governor from “ 1642-77 ” (hist. Virg.).
“ 1640 A. D.” (art de verif.), Murad IV. succeeded by Ibrahim, nineteenth Turkish sultan. Coins
of Ibrahim, issued at Cairo, are figured in Marcel p. 219.
“ In this y e a r ” (Krapf trav.), Portugal restored to independence by John IV. ; too late to save
the colonies.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Prior), Parkinson publishing his Theatr., enumerating* G l a d i o l u s
* P o l y g o n u m a c r e of Nortlieast America. The A m e r i c a n w a t e r - p e p p e r , transported to Europe,
termed “ polygonum persicaria acris of Virgin ia ” by Parkinson herb., — described also by Kunth.
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