number; “ ei ” two, a pair; “ sen d” two; “ s e t ” double; “ h en ” n e a r ;— in Greek “ iimSgs ” we ;
in Latin “ ii ” and “ eae.” The character occurs from the Ninth dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic
writing (Leps. d. ii. pl. 138, 149, and k. pl. 7 to 67). Two upright lines, possibly forming a hieroglyphic
character, occur as early as the Fifth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pl. 58) ; and two ibis-feathers (corresponding
to two fives even in Greek) occur often in hieroglyphic writing. '
“ cri ” qu ail; “ bui ” mine, together ; “ doui ” to draw near, come ; “ doui doui ” each ; “ Sreii ”
iSi&'A'
or “ ërëôu ” one another, each other; “ ô u ë r ” how many; “ thë ” sh e ; “ t ë ” or “ p e ” h e ;
“ ten ” or “ në ” they ; “ nëët ” or “ nëëtë ” these ; “ sëëpë ” or “ sëëpë ” or “ sëëpi ” or “ sëpi ” the
rest, remainder. — The character occurs on the Gliddon mummy-case, and from the Third dynasty to
the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. k. pl. 5 to 67).
From the highly finished painting on the Gliddon mummy-case, the chick is found to be that of
the red-legged partridge, Perdix Graeca: known to be indigenous in E g yp t: but I did not meet with
it, neither can I speak of the voice of the young.
(fj| (one straight line bent over upon another, signifying ten even lines, Horap. ii. 28) ; “ meetë ”
or “ mëtë” or “ mëd” midst; “ m e t” or “ mëtë ” or “ m ed ” ten ; — in Hebrew the tenth
letter “ ywth ” representing the number ten ; as does the derived “ iòta ” of the Greeks, though only
the ninth letter ; in English “ meet, meeting.” The above character occurs under the Third dynasty,
and continues in use as a numeral until the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pl. 3). f (ostrich-feather, signifying administering impartial justice, the wing-feathers of the bird being
all equal, Horap. ii. n o ) ; “ tshetsh ” equal; “ m e i” just, true; “ metsh” or “ mëtsbë ” or
“ mêêtshë” or “ raëëtshë ” or “ mectshi ” multitude, many. — The character occurs in combination as
early as the Third dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pl. 3, 44, 56) ; and separately, from the Twelfth dynasty to
the Ptolemies (Leps. k. pl. 12, and 25 to 57).
The ostrich, Struthio camelus, having extended itself into the Syrian Desert, must have come by
way of the Isthmus, and have once ranged the Sahara to the shore of the Mediterranean. — Under
the Twelfth dynasty at Benihassan, is figured with clusters of the eggs and feathers, at this time
clearly articles of traffic. Under the Eighteenth dynasty, similar clusters in the Tribute-processions
show distant if not foreign traffic. But our Nubian boat-captain informed me, that the ostrich breeds
to the present day about two hundred miles South and East of the i'irst cataract.
(harp signifying attracting and retaining, Horap. ii. 108) ; “ Ôuôini ” harp ; “ ini ” or “ hëtën ”
or “ hëts ” thumb; “ më ” or “ mëi ” or “ mëi ” or “ më rë ” or “ mënrë ” to lo ve ; “ mëni” or
“ mënë ” or “ mëënë ” day by day; “ raer ” tied or bound ; “ ôuëi ” because ; — in English “ win.”
The character occurs as early as the . . . . dynasty (Champ, gram. 345). Apart from the hieroglyphic
writing, harpers are figured under the Fourth dynasty (Leps, d. ii. pl. 36), and as observed by
myself, under the Twelfth dynasty at Benihassan, and under the Twentieth at Bab-el-meluk.
“ e lp ” or “ erp ” wine; “ h lë li” flower, bloom; “ hleji ” or “ hlëshë ” sweetness. — The
character occurs under the Third dynasty, and continues in use, more or less modified . . . .
(Leps. d. ii. pl. 7).
The only woody creeping plant familiarly known in Egypt is the grape-vine, and hence the following
linguistic result ; from “ e r p — we have in Greek “ ë rp ô” to creep, “ ërpëtôn” reptile; in
Latin “ rep o ” and “ repto ” and “ serpo” to creep, “ serpens” serpent; and in English “ serpent,
reptile, creep.”
Vitis vinifera of the Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in Britain vine and the fruit grape, in
France “ vigne ” (Prior), in Germany “ weinstock ” (Grieb), in Italy “ vite ” and the fruit “ grappolo ”
or “ grappo d’uva ” (Lenz), in Greece “ klema ” or “ agriampëlôs ” (Sibth.), in Egypt and Yemen
“ enab,” and cultivated at the time of the invention of writing: — vineyards and full details of winemaking
are figured under the Fourth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth dynasties ; vineyards and wine
“ yyn ” are mentioned in the history of Noah (Gen. ix. 20 to 24) ; but at the present day in Egypt,
the fruit only is eaten. Farther North, “ ôinôn ” and the “ ampëlôëis ” are mentioned by Hesiod o p ,
I-Iomer il. iii. 184, Herodotus, and the “ ampëlôu agrias ” by Theophrastus ix. 20 ; “ vinum ” and the
“ vitis,” by Plautus, Varrò, and Columella: V. vinifera is known to be cultivated in Italy, Spain, and
as far as middle Europe ; was observed by Forskal, Hawkins, Chaubard, and Fraas, under cultivation
and seemingly wild along river-banks from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople ; appears to be
really indigenous towards and along the Caspian (Ledeb., and A. Dec.). Eastward from the Caspian,
has long been cultivated in Cashmere and Northern Hindustan (Royle) ; was observed by Bunge
under cultivation in Northern China; by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in Japan and called “ foto,” or
usually “ budo ” or “ iebi.” Southward and Eastward from Egypt, was observed by Forskal under
cultivation on the mountains of Yemen, and grapes of excellent quality were found by myself in market
at Aden and Muscat ; is. called in Sanscrit “ draksha ” (A. Dec.), in Bengalee “ drakhya,” in
Hindustanee “ angur ” or “ talc ” or “ inab ” (D ’roz.), and according to Graham is “ successfully cultivated
” on the Deccan ; is known in Burmah and called “ sa-byeet ” (Mason) ; but in general within
Fifth dynasty to the Thittieth (Leps. d. " , ( l U coondies A smatl annuat called in Britain
Ihe Held of Geo. fii. iS ,n a , a so be compa od C F ¿ . „ „ . ’ „ d , o , cooked.
forefathers mentioned, by Herodotus 1. I3_.^ J a f lE n ’m praecum” or “ siliqua” or “ silicia” is mentire
“ p h a in o um graikoum ” of the Romans , an ^ %<■ palladius: T. foenum-gra:cum is
tioned by Columella li. 10, 33, X o rr in s 'tE o g • "and is known to grow wild or seemingly
termed “ f. sylvestre et sativum J J penz). Southward and Eastward from
I rJ i r S i ^ «-«-» “
j V n - « » s r ( r of Eneo.* and .he .diohdo(f por.loo M Asia , A f«™
,a i„ re« » E A ,f,- (Pri» 7 I . 0 ,'h.). i Eyypt
(Nugent), in Italy “ aapeEeneie ^ or ^ ^ Va-xnt at the time of the invention of wnt-
■a
capillatred . ,
k terminal or ck, its pervading meaning echo, racket. ^ measure
| X . ? a S E ? - : 8 ; o t r ^ T ; : E i r ! ; = I tom ^ e F n r th dynasty to the Twelfth
^ i J m a Ü ' â n i f y i n g a - a n burm^^in “ J
or “ ò ik ”
, ■ , ■ - . . ; ï h ‘ “ ” f . V U r - « U T - d , ï » todeyonr, swallow dow n.
rt