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recognize the 2y6 S C t h P Ot u of Anglo-Saxon glossaries, — referred here by Cockayne : Æ. poda-
graria is described by Dodoens pempt. 320; is termed “ angelica sylvestris' minor sive erratica” by
Tournefort inst. 313 ; is known to grow along hedges throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark
(fl. Dan. pl. 607, Engl. bot. pl. 940, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp and Chaubard,
in the Peloponnesus.*
“ Dec. 19th ” (T. Wright early trav. Pal.), “ Saet ” or Sidon captured by Godfrey Baldwin and
the crusaders ; Sigurd, brother of the king of Norway, co-operating with a fleet.
“ The same year” (Abul-Fazil, and Wilford as. res. ix. 168), Jidahana, king of Delhi, slain in
battle against Bala-deva of the legitimate Chauhana family.
‘M ill, Feb. I 2 t h ” (Nicol.), a synod at Latran, wherein Henricus V. “ instead of resigning the
right of investiture as he had previously agreed to do,” took the pope prisoner. He compelled a
treaty, signed “ April nth,” whereby the emperor resumed his right.
“ The same year = ist year of the ‘ tching-ho ’ of Lloei-tsoung ” — (Chinese chron. table).
“ The same year” (Clint, iv. p. 835, see also Alst.), end of the chronicle of Sigebertus Gembla-
censis.
S p i r oe a f i l i p o i d u l a of middle and Northern Europe. Called in Britain d r o p w o r t (Turn. iii. 31,
and Prior), in Anglo-Saxon “ dropeworte ” (gl. Laud. 553, and ms. Bodl. 536); described by Matthæus
Platearius f. 237, — and termed “ oenanthe” by Fuchsius 562 (Spreng.): common according
to Lindley “ in pastures in elevated situations” in Britain; known to grow also from Denmark to
middle France (fl. Dan. pl. 935, Pers., and A. Dec.). Eastward, the “ philipënthôula ” is menlioned
by Nicolaus Myrepsus 40. S. filipendula according to Lindley is accounted tonic on account of its
“ bitter astringent qualities.”
“ 1112, or thereabouts” (Nicol.), by a synod in Jerusalem, the emperor Henricus V. excommunicated.
“ 1113 A. D. (= 1027 -|- 35 -|- 53 8 yrs ” of Kalhan. hist. Cashm., H. LL Wils.), Kalasa succeeded
by Utkarsha, and after “ twenty-two days ” by Harsha, now king of Cashmere. Harsha patronized
literature, and was acquainted with various languages.
Somadeva, the author of the Vrihat-Katha, at this time writing — (H. H. Wils. ind. dram. ii. 257).
“ In this year” (Alst.), a military monastic Order founded, that of the Knights of St. John of
Jerusalem. — Some centuries later, this Order of monks, under the name “ Knights of Malta,” exercised
great influence throughout the Mediterranean : until the seizure of their island by Buonaparte.
“ I I 14 A. D. (= 508 A. H.” of Ferisht, Elph.), Masaud II. succeeded by his son Arslan, now
sultan of Ghazni.
“ In this year (— 1036 an. Saca,” Colebrooke as. res. ix. 351), birth of the Hindu astronomer
Bhascara.
In this year — “ 4th year tching-ho ” (topog. Cant., and Pauth. p. 473), tribute o i p r e c i o u s s t o n e s ,
r J i i 7i o c e r o s horns, and e l i p h a 7i t s ^ teeth, sent by the ship-captains.
About this time ( “ between n i l and 1117,” Humb. cosm. ii.), the manner of measuring the
\ W t s i t r \ y v a } ' z a t i o 7i o f t h e 77i a g 7i e t i c n e e d l e mentioned in the Chinese Penthsaoyan as long understood.
“ 1115 A. D.” (Chinese chron. table), the name Tai-tsou and the title “ t i” or emperor, assumed
by the Tartar chief of the Kin ; now in possession of the Northern portion of China.
“ After Christmas” (Nicoh), a synod in Syria. Arnulph, patriarch of Jerusalem, was deposed.
“ I I 16, March 20th” (NicoL), a synod at Salisbury. Wherein, king Henry being present, an
attempt was made to compel Thurstan, archbishop of York, to promise obedience to the archbishop of
Canterbury.
“ In this year (= 510 A. H.,” Edrisi, and Jaub.), a palace built at Ghana in Soudan by the
Muslim ruler of the city and country.
C a 7i a v a l i a e 7i s i f o r 77i i s of Tropical Africa. Seeds of the s w o r d b e a 7i are called in Egypt “ ful
djellabe ” or “ ful barabra ” (Forsk.), and the plant in Hindustanee “ suffaid ” or “ lal kudsumbal,” in
Telinga “ yerra ” or “ tellay tumbetten-kaya,” in Tamil “ segapoo ” or “ vellay thumbetten,” in Bengalee
“ mekhun shirn” (Drur.), in Burmah “ pai-noung-nee ” (Mason), on the Philippines “ habas ” or
on Leiie “ magtambocao ” (Blanco) : known from early times : — C. ensiformis is known to occur in
Equatorial Africa (A. Dec.) ; a species regarded as probably identical was observed by Grant at
Chopeh in N. Lat. 2° on the Nile, the “ Wanyamuezi spin its beans as an amusement; ” and “ dolichos
* A f e / i t h c z c t t 7- a t a o i m k ] c \ \ e I L m o p e . C u l l e d i n B r h d m b e 7g a / 7z o t 77i i 7i t ( P n o v ) : the bôuLSme-
th Kn of didax. 15, — or “ balsaminta ” of gloss, m., is referred here by Cockayne: M. citraia is
termed “ m. rubra” by Miller (Steud.) ; and is known to grow in Germany and Britain (Ehrh., Smitli
brit. ii. p. 616, and Pers.). The plant according to Lindley “ furnishes a fragrant oil, having very
much the odour of bergamot.”
I
faba nigrita” was observed by Forskal p. 133 a single stock under cultivation at Djidda, and beans
brought by caravans from Abyssinia worn by Egyptian women and children for ornament. Eastward,
C. ensiformis was observed by Rheede viii. pl. 44 in Malabar; by Graham, “ commonly cultivated”
in the environs of Bombay, “ varieties with red and white flowers, the half grown pods are eaten ; ”
by Drury, “ cultivated in the Peninsula” for “ its esculent pods,” also “ a common plant in hedps
and thickets ” (naturalized) ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal ; by Mason v. 466 “ exotic ”
in Burmah, cultivated “ to a small extent, and its young pods ” eaten ; is described by Rumphius v.
pl. 135 ; was seen by Blanco at Batangas village on the Philippines, the flowers white, and young pods
eaten. By European colonists, was carried to Jamaica prior to the visit of Sloane i. pl. 114 (Pers.).
“ In this year (= 6th year ‘ tching-ho’ of Hoei-tsoung,” Remus, iii. 86), arrival in China of
Seng-ka or Kieou-ma-seng-ka, ambassador from Cambodia bearing tribute.
“ 1117, April ” (Nicoh), a synod at Benevento. Wherein the archbishop of Braga was excommunicated,
for crowning Henricus V. at Rome during the absence of the pope.
“ In or about this year ” (according to Klaproth) the 7) i a r i 7t e 7' ' ' s c o 7n p a s s brought from China by
tlie Arabs. — It is mentioned as long known in Europe in a poem by Guyot of Provence “ in 1199”
(Whewell, Kobell iv., and Humb. cosm. v.); the “ shipman’s stone that draws the needle to it” is also
mentioned by Maundeville xiv.
“ 1118, Jan. 25th ” (Alst., and Nicoh), Paschalis II. succeeded by cardinal John Gaetano or Gelasius
II , fifth pope. Louis VI. ruling France; and Alexander, Scotland.
‘^The same year” (Alst.), Alexius Comnenus succeeded by his son Joannes II. or Calo-Joannes,
fifty-second Byzantine emperor.
“ The same year” (Nicol.), in a synod at Rouen, king Henry of England “ treated with the lords
and the archbishop of Canterbury concerning the peace of the realm, whilst Geoffry bishop of Rouen
treated of the affairs of the church.”
“ In this year (rrr 512 A. H.” of Ferisht., Elph.), Arslan succeeded by his brother Behram, now
sultan of Ghazni. He patronized Literature, — and the Persian poet Nizami resided at his court.
“ U19, Feb. 1st” (Alst., and Nicoh), Gelasius II. succeeded by Guy archbishop of Vienne, now
Calixtus II. sixth pope.
“ The same year” (Alst), founding of a second military monastic Order, the Knights Templars.—
Nine years later (Nicol.), a synod was convened at Troyes, on “ the rule and habit to be
given” to these military monks.
“ 1120 A. D. — end of the Fourteenth manwantara,” and of the Graha Munjari tables. None
of the Puranas, “ in the form they now stand, are older than” this date; — some “ are the compilations
of still later times” (Bentl. as. res. viii. p. 241).
“ In this year (— second year siouan-ho of Hoei-tsoung,” Remus, mei. iii. 88), arrival in China
of Ma-la-ma-thou-fang, ambassador from Cambodia bearing tribute.*
“ 1121 A. D.” (Pouchet,and Major), sailing of bishop Eric from Greenland for Vinland, “ to convert
his countrymen.”
“ 1122 A. D.” (Nicol.), by a synod at Soissons, Abelard “ compelled to burn his book concerning
the Trinity.”
“ 1123 A. D. = 1st year of the ‘ thian-hoei’ of Tai-tsoung of the Kin ruling Northern China,
while in the South, the Soung dynasty continued — Chinese chron. table).
“ March i8th to April 5th ” (NicoL), general Councils no longer held in the East, but the Ninth
general ecclesiastical Council assembled at the Lateran in Rome. Marriage among priests was condemned
by pope Calixtus IL, an additional fast-day instituted, and dissent from the Catholic church
prohibited (Alst.).
* O c y 77i u 77i s a n c t i u n of Tropical Hindustan. Called in Hindustan “ tulsi ” or “ tulosl,” in Sanscrit
“ vrinda” or “ cut’heraca” or “ cat’hinjara ” or “ tulasi ” (W. Jones), in the environs of Bombay
“ kala toohsee” (Graham), in which we recognize the plant into which the nymph Tulasi is said in
the Puranas to have been metamorphosed: — the “ tulasi ” plant according to H. H. Wilson hind,
dram. i. p. 21 continues to be worshipped in some Bengal families as their tutelary divinity or household
god : O. sanctum is described by Rumphius v. ph 92 ; was observed in Hindustan by Rheede x.
ph 86, and Roxburgh; by W. Jones as. res. iv. p. 288, “ one or two feet high,” the whole plant having
“ a dusky purpiish hue ” and “ thence perhaps ” held “ sacred to Crishna ; ” by Graham, “ common
in gardens and about Hindu temples everywhere.” Farther East, is enumerated by Mason v.
p. 438 and 790 as “ exotic ” in Bnrmah and frequent around dwellings of the Karens : was observed
by Blanco on the Philippines, used by the natives, and called in Tagalo “ balanoi.” A species of
Ocymum observed by myself on the top of a column near a Hindu temple seemed the same aboriginally
introduced throughout the Feejeean, Samoan, and Taheitian Islands, met with around the native
dwellings, and in one instance at Taheiti planted on a grave.
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