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He left “ Oct. loth,” — and in the following year published his “ New England’s Rarities.” He
afterwards wrote a Supplementary account, and continued his Chronological record to “ 1674.”
The following plants distinguished by Josselyn as North American; “ stichwort” ( S t e l l a r i a
l o n g i f o l i a ' ) , “ commonly tiken here, by ignorant people, for eye-bright,” rar. p. 41 ; “ blew flower-de-
lu c e ” ( I r i s v e r s i c o l o r ) ; “ yellow-bastard daffodil,” the “ green leaves are spotted with black spo ts”
( E r y t h r o n i u n i A n i e r i c a m n n ) ; “ dogstones, a kind of satyrion, whereof there are several kinds groweth
in our salt-marshes ” ( P l a t a n t h e r a l a c e r a and P . f l a v a ) ; “ red lillies grow all over the country
innumerably amongst the small bushes” ( I J i i i im P h i l a d e l p h i c u m ) p. 42 ; “ lilly convallie, with the
yellow flowers, grows upon rocky banks by the sea ” ( U v u l a r i a s e s s i l i f o l i a ? ) ; " autumn bell-flower ”
( G e n t i a n a l i n e a r i s ) p. 43 ; “ arsniart, both kinds ” (perhaps P o l y g o n u m a c r e and P . m i t e , see below);
“ spurge-time,” growing “ upon dry, sandy sea-banks,” is “ very like to rupter-wort,” and “ is full of
milk ” ( E u p h o r b i a p o l y g o n i f o l i a ') ; “ rupter-wort, with the white flower” ( E u p h o r b i a m a c u l a t a ) ;
“ jagged rose-penny wo rt” ( H y d r o c o t y l e A m e r i c a n a ? ) ; “ St. John’s wort” ( H y p e r i c u m c o r y m b o s u m ,
see below) p. 44; “ St. Peter’s wort” ( E l o d e a V i r g i n i c a ) ; “ speedwell chick-weed” ( S t e l l a r i a b o r e a l
i s ? ) ; “ male fluellin, or speedwell ” ( H e l i a n t h e m u m C a n a d e n s e ) ; “ wild" mint” ( M e n t h a b o r e a l i s ) ;
“ the white violet, which is sweet, but not so strong as our blew v iole ts” ( V i o l a b l a n d a ) ; “ blew
violets, without sent ” ( V . o v a t a ) ; and “ a reddish violet, without sent ” ( V . c u c u U a t a ) ; “ Salomon's
seal,” the “ first” kind ( P o l y g o n a t u m p u b e s c e n s ) ; “ woodbine, good for hot swellings of the legs ”
( A m p é l o p s i s h e d e r a c e a ) p. 45; “ dove’s-foot ” ( G e r a n m m C a r o l i n i a m im ) ; “ raven’s claw,” which
“ is admirable for agues ” m a c u l a t u m ) ; “ cink-foil ” ( P o t e n t i l l a C a n a d e n s i s ) , awti “ tormentile”
( P o t e n t i l l a s im p l e x ) ; “ avens, with the leaf of mountane-avens, the flower and root of
English a v en s ” ( G e u m V i r g i n i c u m ) ; “ oak of Cappadocia” ( A m b r o s i a a r t e m i s ioe f o l i a ) p. 46;
“ line-lree” ( T i l i a A m e r i c a n a ) , “ the other kind I could never find,” voyag. p. 69; “ blackberry”
( R u b u s v i l l o s u s ) rar. p. 48 ; “ dewberry ” ( R . C a n a d e n s i s ) ; “ mouse-ear minor ” ( K r i g i a V i r g i n i c a ? ) ;
“ spurge-Iawrel, called here poyson-berfy” ( K a lm i a a n g u s t i f o l i a ) y>. 4 9 ; “ elde r” ( S a m b u c u s C a n a d
e n s i s ) ; the “ filberd” with “ hairy husks upon the nuts” ( C o r y l u s r o s t r a t a ) p. 50; “ quick-beain, or
wild ash ” ( S o r b u s A m e r i c a n a ) p. S i ; “ a solar plant, as some will have it ” ( S i s y r i n c h i u m B e r m u d i -
a n u m ) p. 55 ; “ Homer’s molley ” ( A l l i u m C a n a d e n s e ? ) ; “ lysimachus, or loose-strife,” the “ flowers
purple, standing upon a small sheath, or cod, which, when it is ripe, breaks, and puts forth a white
silken down ” ( C h a m æ n e r i u m A m e r i c a n u m ) p. 56; “ marygold of Peru,” a kind “ bearing black
seeds ” ( H e l i a n t h u s d i v a r i c a t u s ) ; “ the other black and white streak’d,” or “ the small sunflower ” (H .
d e c a p e t a l u s ? ) pl. 82 and S3 ; “ sea-tears,” growing “ upon the sea-banks,” ancl “ good for the scurvy
and dropsie, boiled and eaten as a sallade, and the broth drunk with i t ” ( C a k i l e m a r i t im a ) p. 56;
“ New England daysie, or primrose,” it “ flowers in May, and grows amongst moss upon hilly grounds
and rocks that are shady ” ( E r i g e r o n b e l l i d i f o l i u m ) p. 58 ; “ sweet fern ” ( C o m p t o n ia a s p l e n i f o l i d ) ;
plant “ with a sheath, or hood, like dragons, but the pestle is of another shape ” ( S y m p l o c a r p u s f oe t i -
d u s ) pl. 71 ; and an herb “ between twelve and thirteen fo o t” high, “ the top of the stalk runs out
Carolina ; by myself, from 47° to 44° ; by Oakes, to 42° 30' along the Atlantic ; by Chapman, “ mountains
of North Carolina, and northward ; ” and accordmg to Hooker, grows throughout Canada to the
Saskatchewan and Rocky mountains, and as far as the mouth of the Columbia. Transported to
Europe, is termed “ s, racemosa rubra” by Tournefort inst. 606; was observed by Forskal in gardens
at Constantinople, called “ kôuphôxulia,” and “ aqua” and “ acetum” prepared from its berries; by
Sibthorp, on mountains in Arcadia, and called “ anthruanos ; ” by Jacquin rar. i. pl. 59, on wooded
mountains as far as middle Europe (Pers.).
C h e l o n e g l a b r a o iN o x C a & a M k m l z a . The s n a k e - h e a d was observed by Josselyn rar. pl. 78
“ about three or four foot in height,” growing “ in wet ground” and flowering “ in A u g u s t ; ” — by
myself, on the marshy border of streams from 44° to 41° along the Atlantic ; by Croom, as far as Newbern
; by Pursh, from New England to Carolina; by Schweinitz at 36° in Upper Carolina; by
Chapman, “ Florida and northward, rare in the lower districts ; ” by Short, near Lexington in
Kentucky; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas; and was received from Canada by Linnæus (Pers.).
V e r b e n a h a s t a t a of Northeast America. The b l u e v e r v a i n , termed by Josselyn rar. 6g “ clowne’s
all-heal of New England,” the “ flowers are blew, small, and many, growing in spoky tufts at the top,
and are not hooded, but having only four round leaves,” — is known to grow througliout Canada to
the Saskatchewan (Hook.) ; was observed by myself from 46° to 41°, chiefiy along roadsides; by
Pursh, from Canada to Carolina; by Elliot, in the middle district of Carolina and Georgia; by
Baldwin, as far as 30° 30' near St. Mary’s ; by Chapman, “ in the upper districts, Mississippi, and
northward;” by Michaux, in Upper Carolina and in Illinois ; by Beck, on the Mississippi near St.
Louis ; and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas. Transported to Europe, is described by Hermann parad.
pl. 242, and Linnæus.
I
OF A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S .
into a spike, beset about with flowers like sow-thistle, of a blew or azure colour” (M u l g e d i u m
l e u c o p h oe u m ) p. 74.
The following plants enumerated by Josselyn as common to Europe and New England : “ hedgehog
grass ” ( C a r e x f l a v a ) rar. p. 41 ; “ mattweed ” ( P s a m m a a r e n a r i a ) ; “ cat’s-tail ” ( T v p h a l a t i f o l i a ) ;
“ wild sorrel ” ( A c e t o s a a c e t o s e l l a ) p. 42 ; “ adder’s-tongue ” ( O p h i o g l o s s u m v u l g a l u m ) ; “ one-blade ”
( S m i l a c i n a b i f o l i a ) ; “ water-plantane ” ( A l i s m a p l a n t a g o ) , “ bears feed much upon this plant, so do
tlie moose-deer; sea-plantane, three kin ds” ( P l a n t a g o m a r i l im a , P . m a j o r in salt marshes? and
T r i g l o c h i n m a r i t im u m ) p. 43 ; “ soda bariglia, or massacote, the aslies of soda, of which they make
glasses ” ( S a l s o l a k a l i ) p. 44 ; “ glass-wort, here called berrelia, it grows abundantly in salt marshes ”
( S a l i c o r n i a h e r b á c e o , ) ; “ egrimony” ( A g r im o n i a e u p a t o r i a ) ; “ the lesser clot-bur” ( X a n t h i u m
s t r u m a r i u m ) ; “ yarrow, with the white flower” ( A c h i l l e a m i l l e j o l i u m ) p. 46 ; “ goose-grass, or clivers ”
( G a l i u m p a r i n e ) p. 47 ; “ fearn ” ( A t h y r i u m f i l i x - f oe m i n a , A s p i d i u m s p i n u l o s u m and A . t h e l y p t e r i s ) ;
“ brakes” ( P t e r i s a q u i l i n a ) ; “ dew-grass” ( D r o s e r a r o t z i n d i j o l i a , and D . l o n g i f o l i a ) ; “ blew-flowered
pimpernel ” ( V e r o n i c a a n a g a l l i s ) p. 48 ; “ noble liverwort, one sort with white flowers, the other
with b lew ” ( H e p á t i c a t r i l o b a ) ; “ gaul, or noble mirtle” (M y r i c a g a l e ) p. 49; “ bastard calamus
aromaticus” ( A c o r t i s c a l a m u s ) p. 53; “ knot-berry, or clowde-berry, seldom r ip e ” ( R u b u s c h a m oe -
m o r u s ) p . 6 o ; “ piróla, or winter-green, that kind which grows with us in England is common”
( P y r o l a r o t u n d i f o l i a ) p. 67 ; and “ red currans ” ( R i b e s r u b r u m ) p. 51.
The following plants according to Josselyn brought by European colonists to New England:
“ arsmart, both kinds ” ( P o l y g o n u m h y d r o p i p e r , and P . p e r s i c a r i a , see above) p. 43 ; “ St. John’s-
wort ” ( H y p e r i c u m p e r f o r a t u m , see above) p. 44 ; “ cat-mint” ( N e p e t a c a t a r l a ) ; “ herb R o b e rt”
( G e r a n i u m R o b e r t i a n u m ) p. 45 ; “ oak of Hierusalem ” ( C h e n o p o d i u m b o t r y s ) p. 46 and 56 ; “ toadflax
” ( L i t i a r i a v u l g a r i s ) p. 48 ; “ pellamount, or mountain-time ” ( T h y m u s s e r p y l l u m ) ; and “ water-
mellon ” p. 57. Of plants expressly enumerated as having “ sprung up since the English planted and
kept cattle in New England ” p. 85 : “ nettles stinging, which was the first plant taken notice o f ” ( U r t i c a
d i o i c a ) ; “ couch-grass” ( H o l c u s l a n a t u s ) ; “ shepherd’s-purse” ( C a p s e l l a b u r s a - p a s t o r i s ) ; “ dandelion”
( T a r a x a c u m d e n s - l e o n i s ) ; “ groundsel” ( S e n e c i o v u l g a r i s ) ; “ sow-thistle” ( S o n c h u s o l e r a c
e u s ) ; “ wild arrach ( A t r i p l e x h o r t e n s i s ) ; “ nightshade, with the white flower ” ( S o l a n u m n i g r u m ) ;
“ mallowes ” ( M a l v a r o t u n d i f o l i d ) ; “ black henbane ” ( H y o s c y a m u s n i g e r ) ; “ wormwood ” ( A r t e m i s
i a a b s y n t h i u m ) ; “ sharp-pointed dock ” ( R u m e x c r i s p u s ) ; “ patience ” ( R . p a t i e n t i a , see below) ;
“ bloodwort ” ( R . s a n g u i n e u s , see below) ; “ and, I suspect, adder's-tongue ” ( O p h i o g l o s s u m v u l g a t
u m ) ; “ knot-grass ” ( P o l y g o n u m a v i c u l a r e ) ; “ cheek-weed ” ( S t e l l a r i a m e d ia ) ; “ compherie, with
the white flower ” ( S y m p h y t u m o f f i c in a l e ) ; “ may-weed, excellent for the mother, some of our English
housewives call it iron-wort, and make a good unguent for old s o r e s " ( M a r u i a c o t u l a ) ; “ the
great clot-bur ” ( A r c t i u m l a p p a ) ; and “ mullin, with the white flower ” ( V e r b a s c u m b l a t t a r i a ) .
Of additional “ garden-herbs ” under cultivation: “ lettice ” ( L a c t u c a s c a r i o l a ) ; “ parsley”
( P e t r o s e l i n u m s a t i v u m ) ; “ marygold” ( C a l e n d u l a o f f i c i n a l i s ) ; “ French v c N U o w e s " ( A l t h æ a o f f i c i n
a l i s ) ; “ chervel” ( A n t h r i s c u s c e r e f o l i u m ) ; “ burnet” ( P o t e r i u m s a n g u i s o r b a ) ; “ winter sa v o ry ”
( . . . . ) ; “ summer savory ” ( S a t u r e j a h o r i c n s t s ) ; “ tim e ” ( T h y m u s v u l g a r i s ) ; “ s a g e ” ( S a l v i a
o f f i c in a l i s ) ; “ parsnips, of a prodigious size ” ( P a s t i n a c a s a t i v a ) ; “ garden beans ” ( F a b a v u l g a r i s ) ;
“ oats,” and “ naked oats, there called silpee, an excellent grain, used instead of oat-meal ” ( A v e n a
s a t i v a , and v a r . n u d a ) ; “ rew will hardly grow ” ( R u t a g r a v e o l e n s ) ; “ fetherfew prospereth exceed-
ingly ” ( M a t r i c a r i a p a r t h e n i u m ) ; “ southern wood is no plant for this country” ( A r t e m i s i a a b r o t a n
u m ) , “ nor rosemary” ( R o s m a r i n u s o f f i c i n a l i s ) , “ nor b a y e s ” ( L a u r u s n o b i l i s ) ; “ white satten
groweth pretty well ” ( L u n a r i a r e d i v i v a ) , “ so cloth lavender-cotton ” ( S a n t o l i n a c h a m æ c y p a r i s s u s ) ;
“ but lavender is not for the climate ” ( L a v a n d u l a v e r a ! ) ; “ pennyroyal ” ( M e n t h a p u l e g i u m j ; “ smal-
ledge ” ( A p i u m g r a v e o l e n s ) ; “ ground-ivy, or ale-hoof” ( N e p e t a g l e c h o m a ) ; “ gilly-flowers will
continue two y e a r s ” ( M a t t h i o l a i n c a n a and C h e i r a n t h u s c h e i r i ) ; “ fennel must be taken up, and
kept in a warm cellar all winter” ( F o e n i c u l u m v u l g a r e , see below) ; “ houseleek prospereth notably”
( S e m p e r v i v u m t e c t o r u m ) ; “ hollyhocks” ( A l t h æ a r o s e a ) ; “ enula campagna, in two years’ time, the
roots ro t” ( I n u l a h e l e n i u u i ) ; “ coriander” ( C o r i a n d r u m s a t i v u m ) “ and d ill” ( A n e t h u m g r a v e o l e n s )
“ and annis thrive exceedingly” ( .S i s o n a n i s u m ) , “ but annis-seed, as also the seed of f e n n e l , seldom
come to maturity” (see above); “ clary never lasts but one summer, the roots rot with the f ro s t ”
( S a l v i a s c l a r e a ) ; “ sparagus thrives exceedingly ” ( A s p a r a g u s o f f i c i n a l i s ) , “ so does garden-sorrel ”
( A c e ' o s a a c e t o s a ) , “ and sweet-bryer, or eglantine” ( R o s a r u b i g i n o s a ) ; “ bloodwort but sorrily” ( R u m
e x s a n g u i n e u s , see above) ; “ bnt patience ” ( R . p a t i e n t i a , see above), “ and English roses very
pleasantly ” ( R o s a c a n i n a and others) ; “ celandine, by the west-countrymen called kenningwort,
grows but slow ly” ( C h e l i d o n i u m m a j u s ) ; “ muschata as well as in England” ( M a l v a m o s c h a t a ) ;
“ dittancler, or pepperwort, flourisheth notably ” ( L e p i d i u m l a t i f o l i u m ) , “ and so doth tansie ” ( T a n a c
e t u m v u l g a r e ) . And of additional fruit-trees: “ quinces, cherries, damsons set the dames a work,
marmalad and preserved damsons is to be met with in every house ” ( P r u n u s d o m e s t i c a ) ; and “ bar-
berry-trees ” ( B e r b e r i s v u l g a r i s ) .
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