9 9 6 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
lutea” by Tournefort inst. 170, — “ a. arvense var.” by Linnæus, “ a. parviflorum” by Jacquin rar. in.
pl. 499, and known to grow in Spain, Southeastern France, Algeria, Syria, Persia, and around the
Caspian (A. Dec.) : was observed by Gussone in Sicily ; by Sibthorp, in maritime sands along the
Black Sea; by Ledebour, in the Crimea. In Britain, is once mentioned by Babington in his first
edition, bnt is omitted in his second (A. Dec.).
A m a r a n l h u s h y p o c h o n d r ia c u s of Mexico ? Called in English gardens p r i n c e ' s f e a t h e r (Prior),
termed “ a. sylvestris maximus novæ Angliæ spicis purpuréis” by 1 ournefort inst. 235, andreceivetl
by Linnæus from Virginia; but is known to A. Gray only as “ rarely spontaneous around gardens.”
Eastward, was obser+ed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, at Constantinople; by Pollini, and Cesati, naturalized
in Lombardy; by Reichenbach, tending to become naturalized in Saxony (A. Dec.).*
H e l l e b o r i n e c o r d ig e r a o i the Mediterranean countries. Termecl “ orchis montana italica flore
ferrugineo lingua oblonga ” 'b y Tournefort inst. 434 ; — described also by Rudbeck elys. ii. pl. 204, and
Petiver gaz. pì. 128 ; and known to grow in Barbary, Southern Europe and the East (Pers.) : observecl
by Sibtlmrp. ancl Chaubard, in mountainous situations from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople.
O n i i t h o g a l n n i a r v e n s e of Eastern Europe and the adjoining portion of A.sia. reimecl “ o. angustifolium
bulbiferum ” by Tournefort inst. 379: — observed by Persoon (Ulst. ann. xi. pl. i) in cultivated
ground in France ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Caria and Cyprus ; and is
known to grow on the Taurian mountains (Bieb.).
A l l i u m m o n t a n u m of Asia Minor and Greece. Termed “ a. montanum radice oblonga” by
Tournefort inst. 3S4; — and observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to the
Bithynian Olympus.
C a r e x r e m e t a of Europe ancl Northern Asia. A woodland sedge termed “ cyperoides angustifolium
spicis sessilibus in foliorum alis ” by Tournefort inst. 430, — and knovvn to grow in moist woods
throurtout middle Europe (Engl. bot. pl. 832, Pers., and Wats.), also as far as Iberia (Bieb.) ; was
observed by Decandolle in France ; by Savi, on the Appenines ; by Sibthorp, from the Peloponnesus
to Constantinople ; by Thunberg, on Niphon in Japan. (Is attributed by Pursh to the Alleghany
mountains of Pennsylvania, and by Watson to British America, probably through mistake.)
C a r e x d e p a u p e r a t a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A v/oodland sedge termed
“ cyperoides vesicarium humile locustis rarioribus” by Tournefort inst. 530, — “ carex ventricosa” by
Curtis Lond. vi. pl. 68; and known to grow throughout middle Europe (Engl. bot. pl. 1098, and Willd.
iv. 278) ; observed by Sibthorp in woods in the Peloponnesus.
“ March 9th
He met with B o r a g o
l a c i n i a t a i. g g , C . h e t e . „ . 0 0
f e r u l a c e u m ii. 121, D a f i i n e P o n t i c a ii. 83, S a x í f r a g a c y m b a l a r i a ii. 148, S i l e n e v i s c o s a n. 148, S.
b n p l e u r o i d e s ii. 154, C a l l i g o n n m p o l y g o n o id e s ii. 147, P a p a v e r O r i e n t a l e ii. 118, R h i n a n l h u s O r i e n t
a l i s ii. 126, L e p i d i u m l y r a t u m ii. 141, V e s i c a i i a r e t i c u l a t a ii. 109, L u n a r i a G r a e c a i. 92, H e d y s a r u m
c o r n u t u m ii. 108, H y p e r i c u m O r i e n t a l e ii. 97, S c o r z o n e r a e l o n g a t a i. 86, A r i s t o l o c h i a h i r t a i. 147, ■
and returned in “ May 1702.”
D o d a r t i a O r i e n t a l i s of the Uralian plains. An Antirrhinoid plant observed by Tournefort trav.
pl. about mount Ararat; — by Pallas i. 4 3 7 journeying Eastward, first met with on the Y a ik ;
known to grow also in Tartary (Pers.).
P o l y g o n u m O r i e n t a l e of Brazil? Observed by Tournefort trav. iii. 171 in gardens at Tiflis in
Georgia: — by Forskal, in gardens at Constantinople, and by Delile in gardens at Cairo, Described
by c " Commelyn, and soon becoming frequent in the gardens of Europe (Pers.) ; and by European
colonists carried to Northeast America, where it is cultivated for ornament under the name o i p r i n c e ' s
f e a t h e r , and is sometimes found growing spontaneously (A. Gray, ancl Chapm.). Eastward from
Egypt, is enumerated by Taberd diet. p. 633 as called “ trai-ngai-ba” in Cochinchina, and used there
medicinally, but according to Thunberg, was brought by the Portuguese to Japan, and is calleci at
Nagasaki by the Portuguese name “ paute cobra.” As observed by myself in Brazil, the plant seemed
to harmonize with the surrounding vegetation.
V a c c i n i u m a r c t o s t a p h y l o s of Madeira? A stout-stemmed shrub, tall as a man, observed by
Tournefort trav. iii. pi. 67 near Tripoli on the Black Sea, and termecl “ vitis idaea orientalis maxima
cerasi folio flore variegato” cor. 42. — ( I f however, as would seem from Persoon, the same species
grows on Madeira, it is probably the Madeira species introduced.)
* B r i z a m i n o r of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Termed “ gramen paniculatum minus
locustis magnis tremulis” by Tournefort inst. 523 ; — described also by Scheuchzer gram. pl. 4, a'""*
known to grow throughout Europe. By European colonists, was carried to Austral Africa (Pers.) ;
and to Southwest .Australia, where it has become naturalized (Drummond, and A. Dec.).
OF A C C O M P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 997
One hundred and eightieth generation. Jan. ist, 1701, mostly beyond youth: the Greek writers
Elias Meniates d. 1714, Meletius of Athens d. 1728, Alexander Mavrocordatus cl 1719: the Slavonic
writers. Glück of Livonia, Kirsha Danilof, and Paul Ritter: other writers, N. Boileau Despreaux ;
Humphry Prideaux ; John George Graevius ; P. Bayle ; Gilbert Burnet ; Vincent cle Filicaia; Nicholas
Malebranche ; I-Ienry Dodwell ; James Gronovius; William' Lloyd : madame Dacier ; Fénélon ;
Godfrey Wm. Leibnitz; Daniel Huet ; John Flamstead; Andrew Dacier; J. Vincent Gravina;
Richard Bentley; Joseph Addison ; sir Richard Steele; Matthew Prior; John Hardouin; John Le
Clerc ; James Lenfant ; abbé Vertot; John Friend; Bernard de Montfaucon; Samuel Clarke; J.
Albertus Fabricius; John Arbuthnot ; and cardinal Polignac ; the Orientalists, Galland, Renaudot:
the microscopic observer Antonius Van Leeuw'enhoek d. 1723: the botanists, Sam. Dale d. 1739,
Gur.th. Christ. Schelhammer d. 1716, Guid. Crescent. Fagon d. 1718, Io. Gottfr, Olearius d. 1 7 1 1,
Petr. Plottonus, Alex. Christ. Gakenholz, Io. Henr. Burkhard d 1738, Christian Knaut d. 1716,
Franc. Petit, Sam. Morlandus, Steplian. Franc. Geoffroy d, 1731, Patrick Blair, Mart. Dan. Johrenius
d. 1718, Abrah. Rehfeld, David Wipacher, H. I. Meyenberg, C. H. Erndtel d. 1734, Hellwing d. 1748,
Ant. Tita, and Aegid. de Koker : the publishers, Awnsham and John Churchill : the painters, Godfrey
Kneller, Carlo Cignani d. 1719: the engraver, Gerard Edelinck cl. 1707.
“ The same year ” (Flumphreys’ hist, account 41, and Holmes), in England, the Society for propagating
the Gospel in foreign parts established. Acting it would seem, chiefly to extend the Episcopal
Cliiu'ch (see 1706). By the secretary. Rev. Dr. Humphreys, the population of the English colonies
in North America estimated on inquiry at “ two hundred and sixty-two thousand.”
“ Aug. 27th ” (encycl. meth., and Holmes), at Madrid, signing of a treaty between the two kings
“ très-chrétien et catholique,” establishing the Assiente ; a French company for transporting Negroes
into the Spanish settlements in America.
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn. fl. suec. p. x), Olaus Rudbeck jun., “ from 1690” professor of Botany at
Upsal, publishing the second volume of his Campi Elysii, enumerating N a r c i s s u s t r i l o b u s 61. f. 3 ; —
the first volume, containing the grasses, was published “ in 1702.” He died “ in 1740” (Spreng.).
“ 1702, March 8th ” (Nicoh), William III. succeeded by Anne, now queen of united Britain.
“ The same y e a r ” (Blair), in Europe, general war against France and Spain. — This continued
twelve years, until the Treaty of Baden.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Io. Iac. Scheuchzer, a brother of loan., visiting the alpine region of
Switzerland, meeting with P o a s u p i n a vi. pl. 17, P h y t e u m a S c h e u c h z e r i 460, P . o v a t a 518, J u n c u s
J a c q u i n i i. pl. 5. f. 2, and A c h i l l e a m o s c h a t a ii. pl. 21. f. 3. — He continued his excursions “ until
1711,” published an account of them “ in 1723,”' and died “ in 1733.”
P o a l a x a of the Arctic region and mountain summits farther South. A gi'ass distinguished from
P. alpina by fewer florets and a creeping root (Pers.); observed by Scheuclizer it. vi. 4 5 7 ph 6 on
the Swiss A lp s ,— also by Haenke sudet. 118; known to grow in Spitzbergen, Lapland, and on the
mountains of Scotland and Germany (Sabine, and Hook ) ; observed by Chaubard on the mountains
of Arcadia in the Peloponnesus. Westward, is known to grow in Greenland (Sabine, and Wats.);
observed by Nuttall, and myself, in the alpine region of the White mountains ; and according to A.
Gray grows also on the “ alpine mountain-tops of Maine,” and '‘ Northern New York, and high
northward.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn, sp.), Petiver publishing his Gazoph. naturae, enumerating C o r n u c o p i a e
c u c u l l a t u m gaz. pl. 73, P r o t e a n a n a gaz. 25. 7, P . L e v i s a n u s gaz. 5. 7, P o l y p r e m u m p r o c u m b e n s gaz.
5. 6, B l a e r i a e r i c o i d e s gaz. 2. 10, S p i g e l i a a n t h e lm i a gaz. 59. 10, C a s s in e m a u r o c e n i a gaz 57. 4,
C r a s s u l a s u b u l a t a gaz. 57. 4, E u c o m i s n a n a gaz. 85. 6, L o r a n t h u s s c u r r u l a gaz. 63. 8, P h y l l o d o c e
D a b o e c i gaz. 27. 4, E r i c a c o r i f o l i a gaz. 3. 7, E u p h o r b i a p i l u l i f e r a gaz. 80. 14; M e s e m b r y a n t h e m u m
g e n i c u l i f l o r u m , c o r n i c u l a t u m , and e m a r g i n a t u m gaz. 77. 3 to 78. 3 ; R a n u n c u l u s n o d i f l o r u s gaz. 24.
9, H y o b a n c h e s a n g u i n e a gaz. 37. 4, H e r m a n n i a a i t h a e i f o l i a gaz. 43. 2, P a s s i f l o r a p e d a t a gaz. 114. 4 ;
P e l a r g o n i u m a n g u l o s u m , v i t i f o l i u m , aud t r i f i d u m gaz. 84. 5 - 1 1, C r o t a l a r i a b i f l o r a gaz, 30, 10 , H a l l i a
s o r o r i a g a z . 32. I, H e d y s a r u m b u p l c u r i f o l i u m gaz. II. 1 2 , H . n u m m u l a r i f o l i u m gaz. 26. 4, H . v a g i n
a l e gaz. 26. I, L e s p e d e z a l a t i b r o s a gaz. 30. 11, I n d i g o f e r a d e p r e s s a gaz. 83. 9, A t h a n a s i a p u n c t a t a
gaz. 81. 6, A . p a r v i f l o r a gaz. 34. i ; G n a p h a l i u m f a s c i c u l a t u m , f a s t i g i a t u m , and s p i c a t u m gaz. 7. 3
lo 82, 6; S t o e b e p l u m o s a , c i n e r e a , and J u s c a g a z . 3. 9 to 5. 4; H e l l e b o r i n e o x y g l o t t i s gaz. 128. 5,
S a g i t t a r i a t r i f o l i a gaz. ig. 3, S a p i u m s e b i f e r u m gaz. 34. 3, D i o s c o r e a o p p o s i t i f o l i a gaz. 31. 6 ; A c r o s t
i c h u m s p e c i o s u m , and i n e q u a l e gaz. 61. 5 and 49. 4 ; P o l y p o d i u m s t i g m o s u m gaz. 61. 4, A d i a n t u m
P h i l i p p e n s e gaz. 4. 4, C h e i l a n t h e s s u a v e o l e n s gaz. 73. 4, S c h i z a e a d i c h o t o m a gaz. 70. 12, L y g o d i u m
c i r c i n a t u m gaz. 64. 10.
“ 1703 A. D .” (art de verif.), Mustafa II. succeeded by .Ychmed I I I ., twenty-fourth Turkish
sultan. Coins issued at Cairo by Achmed I IL , are figured in Marcel p. 225.
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng.), Augustin. Lippi sent into Abyssinia, meeting with H e l i o t r o p i u m
e r i o c a r p u m , A d o n i s m a r g i n a t a , C o c h l e a r ia N i l o t i c a , A r t e m i s i a L i p p i i , and I n u l a c r i s p a . — He was
slain in the following year.
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