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According to a Japanese account written in this year (Klapr. addit. to San-kokf p. 197), people of
the two Aino villages of Kousouri and Atskesi on the East side of Yeso voyaging once a year to the
island of Rakko sima to procure “ ra k k o ” or sea-otter; and the natives being much dreaded, only the
strongest and boldest men are selected for the e.xpedition : the distance is unknown, but a person who
resided “ three ” years there, represents Rakko sima (Aleutian Islands ?) as very remote : no native
has ever visited Yeso, nor has a Japanese ever visited Rakko sima.
In this year (Spreng.), Vaillant writing his Bot. Paris, enumerating* Eriophorum gracile pl.
17. 2, A ira aquatica [7. 7, Aegilops triuncialis 17. i, Exacum pusillum 6. 2, A lsine segetalis 3. 3,
Juucus tenageia 20. i, Elatine triandra 2. i, Silene Gallica 16. 12, Aspidium regium 9. i, Riccia
glauca 19. r, and R. fluitans 19. 3. — He died “ in 1721,” and the work with plates by Aubriet was
published “ in 1727.”
Tillcea Vaillantii of the Mediterranean countries. A diminutive annual observed by Vaillant
pl, 10 in the environs of Paris ; — by Brotero, in Portugal (Steud.) ; by Moris, on Sardinia; by Gussone,
on Sicily and Lampeduza; and received by A. Richard from the margin of a mountain-pool near
Adowa in Abyssinia (A. Dec.).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Herm. Boerhaave publishing his Second Index Hort. Lugd., enumerating
A u la xp in ifo lia ii. p. 123, Leucadendron argenteum ii. T95, L . Levisanus ii. 202, L. squarrosum
ii. 197; Protea cynaroides, speciosa, melaleuca, lepidocarpon, longifolia, niellifera, scolymus, acaulis,
longiflora, and repens ii. 183-99; Leucospermum conocarpum ii. 196, Z . hypophyllum ii. \g8, Misnetes
hirta ii. 194, M. cucullata ii. 206, M. Hartogii ii. 205, Gasteria carinata ii. 131, Apicra arachnoïdes
ii. 131, Bumelia lycioides 263 (Linn. sp. pl.), “ phaseolus americanus supra et infra terram fructus
ge ren s” ii. 28 Amphicarpoea monoica. — He died “ in 1738.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), after his Compend. “ in 1718,” Ponledera publishing his Anthologia.—■
He died “ in 1758.”
“ 1721 A. D .” (Pauth. 447), arrival at Pekin of another legate from the pope. He was received
by Khang-hi in a friendly manner, and assured that there was “ union among the missionaries.” But
a decree was issued. Prohibiting Europeans, “ since tliey could not understand the language,” from
preaching their religion in China. '
“ The same y e a r ” (Hutch., coll. hist., and Holmes), the small p o x making havoc in Boston and
the’ neighbourhood, by advice from Rev. Cotton Mather, inoculation was introduced by Dr. Zabdiel
Boylston ; who had the courage to begin with his own family, and meeting with success, continued
the practice amid violent opposition. About “ three hundred” persons were inoculated, but of these
“ it is impossible to determine the number which died.”
A t this time (biogr. univers.), A. G. Barcia writing. — He brought his work down “ to 1722.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), after residing for eighteen years as consul at Smyrna, William Sherard
returning to England.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl ), Buxbaum publishing his Enum. plant. Hal.
Chenopodium urbicum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Buxbaum
enum. — (Spreng.) ; known to grow in waste places in France and middle Europe as far as Denmark
(flor. Dan. pl. 1148, Engl. bot. pl. 717, Lam. fl fr., and Pers.). Eastward, was observe.! by Sibthorp,
and Chaubard, in cultivated ground in Soutliern Greece and around Constantinople. By European
colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it was observed by Muhlenberg (Moq.), and
according to A. Gray is “ not rare eastward, naturalized.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Rzaczynski publishing his Hist. nat. Polon Lithuan.
“ 1722, Dec. 20th” (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 438), death of Khang-hi, “ three hundred
and first emperor from the year ‘ kia-tse ’ of Hoang-ti” (according to liis own reckoning in his will).
He was succeeded by his “ fourth son ” Young-tching, of the same Twenty-fourth dynasty.
* Erythraea ramosissima of Western Europe. Observed by Vaillant pl. 6 around Paris ,— by
Schmidt i. n. 131 in Bohemia (Pers.), by Villars in Dauphiny, and by Pollini near Verona (Steud.) ;
termed “ e. palustris ” by Schrader, “ gentiana palustris” by Lamarck, “ chironia pulchella ” by Smith
and Deslongchamps, and “ hippocentaurea pulchella” by Schultes (Steud.). Westward, was observed
by Pursh on the seashore of New Jersey and termed “ exacum pulchellum ; ” but is regarded by
A . Gray as “ naturalized” only, occurring in “ wet or shady places, Long Island to E. Virginia,
scarce.”
Sagina Linncei of Subarctic climates. Termed “ alsine tenuifolia pedunc. fl, longiss.” by Vaillant
paris. 8, — “ spergula saginoides ” by Linnæus ; observed also by Sauvages niontp. 142 in France ;
and known to grow from Spitzbergen and Lapland to the mountains of Switzerland (Wats.), also in
Siberia (Gmelin), and on Caucasus and the Altaian mountains (Ledeb.). Westward, was observecl by
Hooker on Iceland, and received from Greenland ; by Parry, in Arctic America ; by Menzies, in Northwest
America; by Chamisso, at Escholtz Bay as well as on Unalashka, and St. Paul’s Island.
In the “ Ten precepts,” attributed to the emperor Y oaagACcimg, gambling is forbidden; and
homicide even in a duel, is regarded as deserving death.
“ 1723 A- D.” (Golden’s map, Smith, and Plolmes), at Albany, the Nicariagas of Missilimakinak
by their own desire, formally received by the “ Six nations ” as a Seventh confederate tribe.
“ In this y e a r ” (J. E. Smith, and Spreng,), Tilli publishing his Cat. hort. Pisan., enumerating
Luzula spicata 91, Knautia Propontica 48, Rumex Aegyptiacus 37. f. i, Medeola angusiifolia 12. 2,
Eugenia uniflora 44, Antirrhinum cirrhosum 38. 2, lYlargonium fulgidum 26, Malva Sherardiana
35. 2, Phaca Gerardi 14. i, P. alpina 14.. 2, Anthemis alpina 19. i. Centaurea cichoracea, 27, Zamia
pungens 43, A cacia pedunculala I. 2, and Woodwardia radicans?
“ 1724 A. D .” (Charlev. ii. 376, and Holmes), hostilities on the Eastern frontier of New England ;
the Abenaquis being jealous of the extension of settlements, and favouring French interests through
the influence of the Jesuit missionary P. Rallé residing at Norridgwog. After the destruction of the
town of Berwick, an expedition was sent against Norridgwog, and during the capture Rallé and “ about
eighty” natives were slain. He left a manuscript dictionary of the Norridgwog language of “ above
five hundred” quarto pages, which was deposited in the library of Plarvard college.
“ The same year ” (Adams, and Holmes), at Ephrata in Pennsylvania, the sect of Dunkers founded
by a German colonist.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl.), Valentyn publishing his account of the East Indies.— The fifth and
last volume was issued “ in 1726.”
“ 1725, Jan. 2 i s t ” (Pall. trav. iv. 396), a severe experienced by Messerschmid at
Tchitinsk in Siberia, not far from the Selenga. — Returning, Messerschmid wrote the first history of
Siberia, died “ in 1730,” and the plants he collected were published by Io. Ammon.
“ In this y e a r ” (Nicol.), Peter the Great succeeded by Catharine; now empress of Russia.
“ June n th ,” George succeeded by George II., now king of United Britain.
“ Ang. 20th, I2th of George I .” (Hutch, ii. 3, Dougl. i. 380, Brit. emp. 352, and Holmes), date
of an explanatory charter, issued on the complaint of governor Shute of Massacliusetts against Acts
of the Legislature ; relating especially to the “ king’s woods,” the forts, and forces. — The additional
charter was accepted on the following “ Jan. 15th ” by the Massachusetts Legislature.
“ In this y e a r ” (Stirling, and W. W. Hunter), Muhammad Taki appointed deputy-governor of
Orissa. — His oppressions induced the priests of Jagannath to flee across the Chilka Lake, taking the
image with them.
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), after his Generat. fung. “ in 1 7 1 4 , ” Ludw. Ferdiu. Marsigli publishing
his Hist. phys. de la mer. — He died “ in 1730,”
Sterculiaplatanijolia of the mountains of Yemen. A large tree called there “ kulham” (Forsk.);
and from transported specimens termed “ firmiana” by Marsili — (Pers.), “ f. chinensis” by Medicus
and “ hibiscus simplex” by Linnæus (Steud.); was cultivated in England in 1757 (Ait.). Eastward,
was observed by Ciot-Bey in the gardens of Egypt; and by Forskal p. 96, wild among the mountains
of Yemen. Is however by Medicus, and Persoon, attributed to China and Japan.
About tills’ time (Spreng., and Winckl.), Buxbaum visiting Constantinople and Asia Minor as far
as Armenia and Iberia, meeting with Salicornia strobilacea cent. i. pl. 10. f. 2, Cori.spermum pungens
iii. 56, Veronica gcntianoides i. 35. V. biloba i. 36, V.- Orientalis i. 38, V. pcctinata i. 39. i, V. cymbalaria
i. 39. 2, V. flliformis i. 40. i, V. parvifolia \. 41. 2, V. peduncularis i. 41. f. i, Ziziphora serpyl-
lacea iii. 51. 2, Valeriana alhariaefolia ii. 11, Cyperus hamulosus iv. 60. i, Aegilops squarrosa i. 50.
I, Bromus alopecuroides v. 38. i, B. inermis v. 40. 2, B . ianceolatus'M. app. \<y, B. confertus iv. 54. i,
Polyenemum oppositifolium i. 31. i, P . sclerospermum v. 58, P. malacophyllum i. 17. 2, Crucianelfl
mollnginoides ii. 30. i, Galium cucullaria i. 19. 2, Symphytum Orientale v. 68, Lycopsis obtusifolia
ii. 13. 2, Moltkia coerulea ii. 14, Campanula lamiifolia v. tS, Salsola glauca i. 13, X. rigida i. 14. i.
X. crassa i. 14. 2, X. vermiculata iii. I I . 2, S. foliosa i. 19. i, Kochia prostrata i. 15, K . hyssopifolia
i. 15, K . sedoides iii, 49, Statice acerosa ii. 10, Linum luteolum v. 59, Evolvtilus linifolius ii. 30. 3,
A llium Sibericum iv. 45, A.sphodelus prolifer ii. 36. 2, Atraphaxis spinosa i. 30, Soph-ra alopecuroides
iii. 46, Ruta villosa ii. 28. i, Reaumuria hypericoides ii. 35, Saxifraga hederacea ii. 4:;. 2,
Sedum spurium v. 6l. 2, Silenefimbriata iii. 57, Euphorbia tuberosa ii. 23, E. micrantha ii. 25, Zi'!
thrum acuminatum i. 47. i , Potentilla pimpinelloides i. 48, Trollius patulus i. 22, Nepeta Mussini
iii. 50. I, Marrubium Astrakanicum iii, 50. 2, Dracocephalum Altaicnm i 7, Rhinauthus trifldusx.
8, Antirrhinum glaucum iv. 37, Orobanche alba iii. 2, O. coerulea iii. i. 2, Celsia beionkaefolia i. 21,
Isatis Armeniaca i. 4, Clypeola lasiocarpa i. 2. 2, Pugionium cornutum i. 9. i. Lepidium vesicarium
i. 26, Thlaspi Buxbaumii i. 2. i, Cheiranthus cuspidatus ii. 33. i, Hesperis crcface.i ii, 32. i, Arabis
aspera ii. 33. 2, Raphanus Tauricus iii. 73, Cleome ornithopodioides i. 9. 2. Erodium oxyrhinchum ii.
48. I, Polygala supina iii. 70, 2, P . bracteolata iii. 71, Orobus hirsutus iii, 41. O. sessilifotius ii. 38,
Lathyrus incurvus ii. 44. Vida Bilhynica ii. 45. 2, Coronilla Cappadocica ii. 40. 2, Hedysarum cir-
cinnatnm ii. 42, Astragalus varius iii. 37, A . brachycarpus iii. 38. i. .4. g.iiegiformis iii, 40, O x f trot
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