;
1008 CH R O N O LO G IC A L A R R A N G EM E N T
p is lunatj iii. 36. 2, Scorzonera graminifolia ii. 21, Lactuca sonchifolia v. app. 36, Chrysanthemum
carncum w, 20, Achillea fiiicifolia ii. 19, Centaurea nitens ii. 15. i, C. balsamita pl. 16, Aristolochia
Pontica i. 45, Carex Buxbaumii 'w. 59, C. secaiina i. 54, Smilax excelsa i. 27.
Astragalus contortiiplicatus of the Uralian plains. Termed “ a. repens siliquis undulatis ” by
Buxbaum cent. iii. pl. 39; — observed by Sibthorp on Cyprus and the plains of Asia Minor; by
Gmelin iv. pl. 28, and Pallas i. 224 to v. 325, on the Lower Volga.
Veronica Buxbaumu of middle Asia. Termed “ v. flosculis oblongis pediculis insidentibus cha-
mredryos foho major” by Buxbaum cent. i. pl. 40, — and has since extended itself in cultivated
ground into middle and Northern Europe; was observed by Sibthorp pl. 8 in the environs of Constantinople,
by Chaubard in cultivated ground in the Peloponnesus; by Tenore, in Italy; by Martens and
Koch in Germany, by Lejeune in Belgium, by Fries in Denmark and the neighbouring portion of
Swrten, is known to occur in the Calvados, has become naturalized within the present century in the
environs of Geneva, and since “ 1S29 ” has become known in Britain (A. Dec.) By European
colonists, was carried to Northeast America, observed in Milton near Boston (D. Murray), and in
“ waste grounds, Philadelphia, rare ” (A. Gray).
Corispcrmum hyssopifolium of the Uralian plains. An annual observed by Buxbaum cent. iii.
55 — (Bers.); by Sibthorp, along the Black Sea in the maritime sands of Thrace; by Pallas trav.
i. 53, along the Volga. And perhaps the same species by Lewis and Clark, Nuttall, and E. James
along the Missouri as far as tlie Platte, and by Nuttall along the Arkansas.
Salicornia Caspica of the shores of the Caspian. Described by Buxbaum cent, i, pl. to; —
observed by Pallas trav. i. 676 at the month of the Yaik.
Ornithogalum nanum of the East Mediterranean countries. Termed “ o. htimifusum floribus
umbellatis albis ” by Bu.xbaum ii. pl. 37 : — observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus
to the Dardanelles.
“ 1726 A. D .” (Hutch, ii. 316, and Holmes), treaty of peace with the aboriginal tribes on the
Eastern frontier of New England, — “ A long peace ” followed : and the “ treaty has been applauded
as the most judicious which has ever been made with the Indians.”
“ 1727, Oct. 2is t ” (Klapr. mem. i. 59), a treaty concluded between Russia and China : — and in
conformity in the lollowing year, the first Russian guard-house established at Kiakhta, now the
fronrier trading-city.
“ Oct. 29th, about 10 h. 40 min. p.m.” (Hutch, ii. 326, and Holmes), in a very clear and serene
sky, with “ perfect calm and tranquillity,” a severe earthquake; lasting about two minutes, and extending
from the river Delaware to the Kennebeck. Stone wails and the tops of several chimneys were
shaken down. On the same day, many buildings thrown down on the island of Martinico; where
the earthquake continued, with very short intervals, eleven hours (univ. hist. xii. 230).
The same y e a r ” (coll. hist. v. 206, and Holmes), death of John Thomas, an aboriginal aged
“ one hundred and ten.” He refused, early in life, to join the Pequods against the colonists; was
among the first who joined the church, when it was gathered by Eliot at Natick ; and continued
exemplary through life.
“ In this year ” (Spreng.), Threlkekl publishing his Stirp. Hibern. — He died in “ 1728.”
“ 1728, July 14th ” (transl. with Du Halde), after journeying from Tobolsk to Okhotski and thence
by sea, ascertaining that the Kuriles “ burn their dead,” while the Kamtchatkans “ throw them in
the woods to be devoured by dogs,” Bering sailing from Kamtchatka river. Following the coast
Eastward, he met eight men in a leathern boat who called themselves “ T zu k ch i; ” and “ Aug. loth ”
discovered an island, which from the day he named “ St, Laurence.” Continuing along the"land to
“ Lat. 67° 18',” on the “ 15th ” he turned back ; having unawares passed through the straits — which
afterwards received his name.
His companion Steller found, the Ainos of the Southern point of Kamtchatka * counting with
their fingers and toes and having no name for numbers beyond “ two hundred,” having no idea of tlie
art of writing but making notches to assist the memory, employing besides for the same purpose knots
* Gymnandra borealis of Arctic Asia and America. Observed by Steller from the Lower Lena
to Kamtchatka — and on Bering’s Island; by Pallas iv. 43 to 682 in the alpine region of Daouria;
by Soujef, at the mouth of the Obi (Pall,). Westward, wa.s received by Pursh from the mouth of
the Columbia.
Geum anemonoides of Kamtchatka. Observed by S te ller,— and lo the time of Pallas iv. 699
not found beyond the limits of Kamtchatka. Termed “ dryas pentapetala ” by Linnæus, “ anemone
p u s illa " by Gaertner nov. comment, pelrop. xiv. r. pl. 19 (Pall.); not found in Kamtchatka by
Chamisso, but observed by Merk on the Kurile Islands and the Northwest coast of America, and by
Egede pl. 2 in Greenland (Pursh).
OF A C C OM P A N Y IN G A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S . 1009
in leather thongs (the qnippus) like the Chinese and natives of South America. He made a vocabulary
of the language — (given by Klaproth transl. San-kokf).
“ The same y e a r ” (univ. hist. xii. 208, and Holmes), the Negroes imported in three years into
Barbadoes, Jamaica, and Antigua, ascertained on parliamentary inquiry to number “ forty-two thousand.”
“ The same year ” (Hewet 317, and ITolmts), yellow fe v e r in Charleston sweeping off multitudes
of the inhabitants. “ The physicians knew not how to treat the disease, which was as unknown as
it was fatal ; ” and the planters suffered no one to carry in supplies, “ lest the disorder should be
brought into the country.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), after residing in the West Indies, as related in his
Voyag. Amer. “ in 1722,” Labat publishing his Afr. Occid. — He died “ in r738.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng.), Franz Balth. Lindern publishing his Tournefortius alsat., enumerating
Liudernia pyxidaria p. 156, and Mvagrum dentatum 94. — He published his Hort. alsat “ in 1747.”
At this time (Spreng., and Winckler), Zannichelli writing his Plant. Venez. — He died “ in
1729,” and his Opuscul. bot. were published “ in 1730.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Winckl.), Buxbaum publishing his Cent, plant., enumerating* Erica
abietina iv. 41, Sigesbeckia Orientalis iii. 52, Satyrium cucullatum iii. 8, X. coriifolium v. 10, Cory-
cium crispum v. 11, C. vestitum v. 12, Pterygodium catholicum v, 21, and in Act. i. pi. 8. f. i Andromeda
(Cassandra) caliculata. — He died “ in 1730,” Cent. iv. was published “ in 1733,” and the fifth
and last “ in 1740.”
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng. gesch, ii. 223), John Martyn publishing his Plant, ran, enumeratingf
Parietaria polygonoides p. 8, Ph lo x Carolina 10, Gronovia scandens 40, Crassula scabra 24, Pancratium
Caribacum 27, Baptisia alba 44, Cassia ligustrina 2t, Mesembryanthemum fe linum 30,
Autirrhinum triste 35. f. 2, Martynia diandra 42; Passiflora serratifolia, cuprea, holosericea, and
lunata 37-56; Erodium Chium 4, E. laciniatum 19; Pelargonium inquinans, papilionaceum, and -
cucullatum 3-28 ; Astergrandiflorus ig, Solidago altissima 14, Helianthus atrorubens 20, Coreopsis
lanceolata 26, Millera quinqueflora 41, M. biflora 47, and Croton lobatum 46: — the fifth dec. “ in
1 7 3 2 ;” he died “ in 1768.”
Amaranthus cruentus of China. Called by the Greeks “ vlito kôkinô ” (Forsk.), from transported
specimens described by Martyn cent. vi. pl. 6— (Linn, sp.) ; observed by Forskal at Constantinople
and termed “ a. ruber foliis subtus rubris spicis erectis ; ” cultivated in gardens, and has
become naturalized in various parts of France (A. Dec.). Eastward, was observed by Moon under
cultivation on Ceylon; by Roxburgh, under cultivation in Bengal; by Blano, on the Philippines;
and-is known to occur in China (Pers.). By European colonists was carried to America, received
by Linnæus from the Bahamas, observed by Maycock on Barbadoes, and by A. Gray “ in gardens,
etc.” in our Northern States.
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng., and Pursh), Sherard, continuing his correspondence and receiving
plants from John Bartram in the environs of Philadelphia, Oldenlandia glomerata (Pursh 745), from
1 ilden at Pludson’s Bay. — He died before the close of tlie year, leaving the most extensive collection
of dried plants at that time in existence, including “ twelve thousand” species.
“ 1729. M a y ” (Hewet, and Holmes), the titles and interest of the proprietors of Carolina purchased
and surrendered to George II. The province was now divided into two distinct governments,
called North and South Carolina.
Returning from Davis Straits (hist. coll. i. p. 233) along the Labrador coast, Capt. Henry Atkins
* Lachenalia tricolor of Austral Africa. Transported to Europe, described by Buxbaum cent,
iii. 20 — (Spreng.), Jacquin rar. pl. 6(, and the younger Linnæus. In its wild staJe, known to grow
in Austral Africa (Pers.).
t Modlola Caroliniana of the Alluvial margin of Northeast America. A humble Malvaceous
annual, transported to Europe, described by Martyn plant, rar. 34— (Spreng.), Dillenius elth. pi, 4,
and Cavanilles ii. pl. 15 (Pers.) ; has become a weed in cultivated ground around Sorèze (Godron,
and A. Dec.). Westward, was observed by Michaux in Virginia and Carolina (as far North therefore
as 37°) ; by Elliot, in cultivated ground in South Carolina ; by Croom, as far as 30° 30' ; by
Chapman, “ waste places, Florida to North Carolina, and westward.”
Bletla verccunda of Florida and the West Indies. An orchid, transported to Europe, described
by Martyn 50 — (Spreng.), Miller diet. pl. 145, and Jacquin rar. iii. pl 602. Westward, observed by-
Browne on Jamaica, the connus “ bitterish and attended by a clamminess that leaves a light prickly
warmth behind it, but this wears off soon,” and “ when dried it may be used with great propriety as
a stomachic ” (Lindl.) ; by Swartz, also in the West Indies ; by Michaux, on the B.ah.imas : by Chapman,
“ open pine barrens, Middle and East Florida; was received also from Florid.i by -Nuttall (Ell).
127
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