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“ 1402 A. D.” (Abyss, chron., and M. Russel 250), Theodorus succeeded by Isaac, now king
of Abyssinia.— During his reign of fifteen years, the great reservoir supplying every house in Axum
with water, constructed by the abuna Samuel. , • , „ , •
“ May tst” (Bont. I, and Major edit. Bethenc.), Jean de Betliencour, a Norman kmght, having
conceived the project of converting and conquering the Canary Islands^ frequented for the purpose of
carryin» away the inhabitants as slaves, and taking with him his two chaplains Jean le A e«'«
Pierre Bontier, sailing from Rochelle. After visiting Spain, where he was brou£it before the king+
Council on a charge of piracy but was released, he sailed from Cadiz; and arriving at Lancerote “ m
July " was allowed to build a fort, which he named Rubicon. Passing over to the neighbouring island
of r ’tierteventura, he left his associate Gadifer de la Salle in general charge and returned to Spam, -
He here offered homage to Henry III. for the government of the Canary Islands ; the king, although
he had never heard'of them, granted the desired supplies, a n d e v e n the privilege of coming money.
Bethencourt returned to the islands in the autumn, and on “ Thursday, Feb. 20th, 1404,” the^ragan king
of Lancerote begged and received baptism, together with the name of Louis. “ June 25th, an unsuccessful
attack was made on the island of Grand Canary. “ January, 1405,” with the aid of converted
natives and after much fighting, the'two kings of Fuerteventura at their own request received baptism.
Bethencourt now proceeded to France, and brought back a large number of emigrants ; was again
defeated on Grand Canary; but removed the inhabitants of the island of Ferro, and settled French in
their place, and took final leave “ Dec. 15th,” Palma and the two largest and most populous islands,
Grand Canary and Teneriffe, remaining unsubdued.
Euphorbia Canariensis of the Canary Islands and neighbouring portion of Africa, as far as t£
mountains of Yemen. A large cactiform spurge called in Yemen “ kassas” or “ kassar” (Forsk.) ;
and the beautiful tree observed by Bontier 70 frequent on Fuerteventura, having branches as large as
a man’s arm full of milk of great medicinal value “ en maniere de baulme,” —is referred here by
Major edit. p. 134: E. Canariensis is known to grow on the Canary Islands (Linn., Pers., and Lmdl.).
Eastward, was observed by For.skal from Djobla to Tatees on the mountains of Yemen, its milky
juice taken as a purgative. Transported to Europe, the plant is described by Commelyn hort. 11. pl.
104, and Blackwell ph 340. ^ Euphorbia piscatoria of the Canary Islands. A shrubby species of spurge called on £lma
“ hi»erilla ” (Von Buch) ; used probably by the “ fishermen ” of Grand Canary ; the brushwood useful
for fuel and kind of wood called “ liyguerres ” seen by Bontier 69 to 71 on Lancerote, may also
be compared. The juice of E. piscatoria is used on the Canaries for capturing fish, by poisoning the
water (Major edit. Bethenc. p. 131). The plant, transported to Europe, is described by Aiton ii. £ 7-
“ 1403 A. D. = ‘ young-lo,’ ist year of Tching-tsou-wen-ti ” or Tching-tsou, “ of the Ming” or
Twenty-third dvnasty — (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth.).
“ in the 1st year young-lo ” (topog. Cant.), the king of the Si-yang-koue or Nation of the Western
Ocean (Orissa .?) sent an ambassador ; —and three years afterwards, another with tribute. In return,
the emperor wrote, appointing him king of Kou-li, and sending a seal of silver. In the fifth year, the
emperor ordered one of his eunuchs to send silk for his officers.
“ In this year (= ist year young-lo,” Remus, iii. 94), Tsian-pin hing, Wang-tchhou, and other
Chinese officials sent to Cambodia to publish the investiture granted to the prince of that country:
whose dominion extended over certain districts where the people were entirely naked and ridiculed
persons wearing clothes. _ 1 1 ■
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 226), after an interval of “ six years,” Bajazet succeeded by his son
Suliman, fifth Turkish sultan.
“ The same year” (Bias Valera, in G. de la Vega ii. 6), the initial point from which “ the years
of the last sun were reckoned ” by “ the people of Mexico and Peru.” “ All the gods that were worshipped,
when the Spaniards first arrived in that land, were made and set up after the_ renewing 0
the sun in the last age : and according to Gomara, each sun of these people contains eight Inindiecl
and sixty years, though according to the account of the Mexicans themselves it was much less.”
Of musical instruments in use among the ancient Peruvians, the “ pincullu ’’ (flute), “ chhilchiles
and chañares (timbrels and bells), huancar (a drum), tinya (a guitar of five or six chords), queppa (a
trumpet), ccuyvi (a whistle), huayllaca (a flageolet), and chayna (another kind of coarse flute) —are
enumerated by Rivero (Markh. edit. G. de la Vega i. p. 192).
“ ¡404, May 31st” (edit. Markham 82), Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo, ambassador from Henry lU. 01
Spain, passing mount Ararat on his way to the court of Timour. Pie reached Samarcand on “ Mre-
day Sept. 8th, ’’was received with honour, but Timour falling dangerously ill, was dismissed by le
attendants “ Nov. i8th,” and set out on his return on the “ 21st.” On “ Thursday, the 25th of Dreein-
ber, being Christmas day. which ended the year of our Lord 1405,” lie left the great city of Baubar e^
in Khorassan, —on “ Saturday Feb. 21st” slept at Sanga, and on “ Saturday the last day of February
reached Tabreez.
Trilicum villosum'oi the East Mediterranean and Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in Greece
“ agriôsëkali ” (Sibth.), and the “ great quantities of rye” seen by Clavijo among ruins at the base of
Ararat, growing “ as if it had been sown by man, but it was useless and did not come to grain,” — may
be compared ; T. villosum is termed “ gramen spicatum secalinum glumis villosis in aristas longissi-
mas clesinentibus ” by Tournefort inst. 518, “ secale villosum ” by Linnæus ; is known to grow along the
Taurian mountains (Bleb.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on Crete and the Peloponnesus
; by Schleicher, as far as Switzerland (Pers., and Steud.).
“ Oct. 17th” (Alst., and Nicol.), Bonifacius IX. succeeded by cardinal Cosmo de Migliori, now
Innocentius V II., forty-eighth pope. Rupertus Palatinus ruling Germany and Italy; Henry IV.,
England ; and Robert IIL , Scotland.
“ Oct. 2ist” (Nicol.), a synod at Paris. Eight articles were “ made, For the conservation of the
privileges of the church during the Schism.”
“ In this year (= 2d year young-lo,” Remus, ill, 95), An ambassador with tribute sent to China
by Thsan-liei-pho-pi-ya, king of Cambodia; also three of his own subjects, in exchange for three
Chinese deserters who could not be found. The men were sent back to Cambodia by the Chinese
emperor.
“ 1405 A, D. (= 3d year young-lo,” Remus, iii. 95), Chinese officials sent to Cambodia to attend
the obsequies of the king, and instal his eldest son Thsan-liei-tchao-phing-ya as successor.
“ Feb. 17th” (Markham p. 1, and 1S7), death of Timour. His son Shah Rokh, governor of
Khorassan, —became sultan at Samarcand “ in 1408,” and continued to rule in peace and order until
his own death “ in 1446.'”
“ 1406, on the feast of St. Martin ” (Nicol.). a synod at Paris of all the clergy of France, “ For
the termination of the Schism,” Obedience was withdrawn from the antipope Benedictus.
“ Nov. 30th” (Nicoh), Innocentius V II. succeeded by cardinal Angelo Corrario, now Gregorius
X II., unanimously elected forty-ninth pope. James ruling Scotland.
“ In or about this year” (Danish chron., and Relat. du Groenl. 212), bishop Andrew sent from
Drontheim to Greenland for tidings of bishop Henry, or to succeed him if he were not living: — but
neither of the two bishops were afterwards heard of.
The provinces of Caxas and Huancabamba, South of Loxa, conquered by the Inca Yuqanqni.
A fortress, temple, and other extensive buildings were erected, — remains of which were seen by Cieza
de Leon Iviii.
“ 1408, Apr. 28th” (Nicol.), a synod at Rheims. “ On the means of remedying the disorders
caused by the Schism, and on discipline.”
“ Aug. nth to Nov. 5th” (Nicol.), Third national synod of France : in session at Paris. The
bearers of a Bull from the antipope Benedictus were ignominiously punished, and deputies were named
for a general synod at Pi.sa.
“ In this year (= 6th year young-lo,” Remus, iii. 96), tribute sent to China from Cambodia.
1409 A. D. = “ 1334 an. jav., Rabiulawal 12th, Monday” (Raffles x.). death of the Arab missionary
Mulana Ibrahim. (The date probably taken from his tomb at Gresik in Java.)
“ Jan. 14th” (Nicol.), a synod at Oxford. Rules were made “ for the preachers and professors
of the universities, on account of the new opinions of” Wiclef.
“ March 25th to Aug. 7th ” (Alst , and Nicol.), a general synod at Pisa : convened by the cardinals.
The two rival popes not making their appearance, were declared deposed ; and on the “ 15th or
26th of June,” cardinal Peter of Candia or Alexander V. was elected their successor by the cardinals
of both parties. The proceedings however were not recognized by the two popes in office, and before
the close of the session, Gregorius X II. in a synod near Udine jironounced the election “ null and
sacrilegious.”
Translating the Scriptures into the languages of the people, condemned by pope Alexander V. ;
who further in a special edict forbade explaining them in English (Alst. p. 397).
“ The same year” (Way pref. pr. pm. xxxv), among the books of Charles V. of France, his
prayer-book contains the dot over the letter] — (Silvestre), the latest important improvement in
Typography.
“ The same year (= 1331 Saca,” Colebrooke as. res. ix. 43S), date of an inscription on copper,
apparently a grant of land from Bucca Raja II., third in succession from the first king of that name.
“ In this year” (Finn Magnussen, and Major edit. Zen. p. Ixv), Andreas, last bishop of Greenland,
officiating in the cathedral at Gardar,
“ 1410 A. D.” (Alst.), Suliman succeeded by his brother Muse Gilibi, sixth Turkish sultan.
“ May 17th ” (Alst., and Nicol.), Alexander V. succeeded by cardinal Balthasar Cossa or Joannes
X X III,, fifty-first pope. In opposition to Gregorius X II.
The “ Imago mundi,” an encyclopædic work by Petrus de Alliaco, in this year bishop of Cambray
(Humb. cosm.).
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