be compared: I. jalapa is attributed to Mexico by Linnæus (Pers., and Steud.); was observed by
Orbegozo in the temperate parts of Oaxaca, its root considered by the traders e.xtremely similar in
quality to jalap, and being “ the more abundant and larger of the two, at least in some districts,” is
regarded by Lindley as probably furnishing a portion ofthe imported drug.
Ipomaeapurga of the mountains of Eastern Mexico. Called at Jalapa “ purga,” but in Mexican
“ laschachne” or “ tetonpactle ” — (Lindl.), and furnishing the true jalap of commerce; observed
by Schiede, and Orbegozo, on the mountains near Orizaba, on Coffre de Perote at the elevation of
“ six thousand” feet, and on the Eastern declivity of the mountains near Chiconqtiiaco. “ Sufsiib
jalaba” was found by Forskal mat. med. imported by the way of Greece into Eg3'pt.
“ 928 A. D .” (A lst., and N icol), at Rome, Joannes XL succeeded by Leo VI., fifty-ninth archbishop.
“ 929 A. D .” (A lst, and N ico l), at Rome, Leo VI. succeeded by Stephanus V III., sixtieth
archbishop.
“ The same year” (Munk), the pilgrimage to Mecca interrupted by the sect of Karmatians.
Lines of impending partition now beginning in the Khalifate or Muslim Empire.
“ 931 A. D .” (A lst, and N icol), at Rome, Stephanus V III. succeeded by Joannes X II., sixty-
first archbishop.
“ The same \mar” (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Dai-go succeeded by his son Siusaku or Zu-
siak, now sixty-first dairo of Japan. ^
“ In this year” (Elph. iv. i), the king of Guzerat, dying without male issue, succeeded by his
son-in-law as head of a new dynasty, the Salonka or Chalukya dynasty.
“ 932 A. D .” (art de verif.), Moktader succeeded by Kaher, nineteenth Abbassid khalif.
“ 934 A. D. = ‘yng-chun,’ ist year of Min-ti ; and after a brief interval, ‘ tching-tai,’ ist year of
Lou-wang:” emperors “ of the later T hang” or Seventeenth dynasty— (Chinese chron. table, and
Pauth.).
One hundred and fifty-seventh generation. May ist, 934, onward mostly beyond youth : the
Jewish writers, Japhet (Abu Ali Hassan el Basri) Halevi, Sabbatai Donolo ben Abraham : the Syrian
bishop Moses Barkepha : the Arab writers, the astronomers Azophi and .Alfarabi d. 950 (Pouchet), the
grammarian Faresi, Ebn Said, Said ben Batrik (Eutychius) wr. 932 to 953 (Leps.) : the Greek writers,
Georgius Monachus d. 948, Theodosius acroaseis d. 961, Pollux the chronographer : Oecumenius d.
about 950, Genesius d. about 95 ; the theologians, Hadamarius, and Giselbertus : Luitprand, Witichind,
Frodoard, Eudes de Cluni.
“ The same year” (art de verif.), Kaher deposed, and the accession of Radi, twentieth Abbassid
khalif. A coin issued by Radi, is figured in Marcel p. 93.
“ 936 A. D. = ‘thian-fou,’ ist year of Kao-tsou III.,” head of the new dynasty of the later Tsin —
(Chinese chron. table).
“ The same year ” (Alst., and N icol), at Rome, Joannes X II. succeeded by Leo V II., sixty-second
archbishop.
“ The same year” (N ico l, see A lst), Henricus Auceps succeeded by his son Otto or Otho, as
across the Pacific to the Philippines, where it is called in Tagalo “ camochiles ” or “ camachiles” or
“ camonsiles,” and the pulp around its seeds eaten by the natives (Blanco). Its bark in decoction is
“ very astringent,” and is-employed medicinally (L indl).
Inga saman of Central America. An immense tree, the “ genisaro” of Mexico (Drur.), and
probably long known th ere:— described by Jacquin (Steud.); and observed by Squier in Central
America, “ ninety feet high,” with branches “ five feet in diameter ” extending quite horizontal “ ninety-
two feet.” By European colonists was recently introduced into Ceylon, and thence to the Cuddapah
and Codoor plantations in Hindustan, supposed “ to be a tree o l great value for railway fuel” (Beddome,
and Drur.).
Inga dulcis of Mexico. A large tree probably known to the natives of Mexico and Central
America as early as this date. — By European colonists, was carried across the Pacific to the
Philippines (P ers.); and thence reached Hindustan, where it is called in Telugu “ sima chinta,”
in Tamul “ coorookoo-pally ” (D rury); was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh cor. pi. 99 ; by
Graham, “ common about Bombay,” its “ pods curiously twisted, filled with a sweet firm pulp which
forms a very nourishing food.”
Tigridia pavonia of Mexico. The tiger-flower called “ cacom ite” and its farinaceous root
eaten by the ancient M exicans— (Humb. iv. 9): observed by Hernandez viii. 23 in Mexico: and a
drawing of “ flos tygridis ” sent by Brancion to Dodoens (Lobel hist. 59, and Dalech.). By European
colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues a favourite flower in gardens;
and by Nimmo to the environs of Bombay.
“ king” of Germany. An impression ofthe seal of O tto,— attached to a parchment written “ in 956,”
"tedardly earlier than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and B en tl), Abhijit reigmng m
Hindustan.938 A. D. = “ 863 an. jav .” (RafHfS x .), date of an inscription m. t,h e „Ka w.i m. anci• ent„ Jtavan
character on a stone discovered near Jang’gala.
940 A. D . = “ 865 an. jav.” (Raffles x.), date of an inscription in the ancient Javan character
“ very beautifully executed” on copper. Also of an inscription in the same character on a stone discovered
on the Kedang hills. .
“ In this year” (A lst, and N ico l), at Rome, Leo V II. succeeded by Stephanus IX., sixty-third
“ The'^same year” (art de verif.), Radi succeeded by Motaki, twenty-first Abbassid khalif.
Motaki was acknowledged by Ikhschid ; who, from being appointed governor of Egypt, had rendered
himself really independent, and had even extended his authority over Palestine and Syria.
C o i n s issued by Ikhschid, are figured in Marcel p. 95.
About this time (tradit., and Colebrooke as. res. viii. 258 to 467), Gaudapada, “ stated to have
been” the instructor of Govindanat’ha, expounding the Vedas. Some of his writings — are extant.
“ 941 A. D .” (palm-leaf ann. Jag., and W. W. Hunter), Jana Kesari succeeded by Nripa Kesari,
now king of Orissa ; a warlike and ambitious prince, — who founded the city of Cattack at the commencement
of the delta of the Mahanadi, and reigned “ twelve years.”
“ The same year ( = 3 3 1 A. H. comm. Sept. 14th.” Gildem. 7 7 ), Musir ben Muhalhil accompanying
the Chinese ambassadors back to their own country.
“ Oct. 27th” (N ico l), Athelstan succeeded by Edmund, ninth Anglo-Saxon king of England.
“ In this year” (Sm. b. d.), sudden appearance of a Russian fleet of “ ten thousand b oats” under
Ingor, ravaging the country around the entrance of the Bosphorus. The Russians were repelled, and
most of their'boats destroyed, — and “ in 945,” Olga widow of Ingor came to Constantinople and
received baptism under the name of “ Helena.”
“ 942 A. D .” (J. Nicholson in Kitt. cycl. b ib l), death of Rabbi Saadjah Haggaon or Saadja Gaon,
born in the Faijum, rector of the academy at Sora, and author of an Arabic version of the Pentateuch,
Isaiah, Job, and a portion of Hosea. The version “ often follows the Septuagint; ’’ — and was published
in the Hebrew character in the Tetraglott of “ Constantinople in the year 1546.”
“ The same j'ear ( = 331 A. H. comm. Sept. 14th,” Ebn Batut., and Gildem. p. 54), death of Abu
Abdallah ben khalif; who first opened to Muslims the pilgrimage to the mountain in Ceylon containing
the alleged imprint of Budha’s foot.
Returning from Sindabil in China part of the way by sea, Musir ben Muhahil visifed the “ pepper
country” (Malabar?), and mount Kafur on w'hich among other great cities Kamrun is situated, that
exports “ the green wood called mandal kamruni ” ( . . . . ) . “ There is also the city called Sanf,
which gives its name to the Sanfi aloes-w ood” ( . . . . ) . “ At another foot of the mountain towards
the north is the city of Saim ur” (not far from Sind) containing mosques, churches lor Christians,
synagogues, and even a temple for fire-worshippers (Parsees) ; the Hindu population not slaying animals,
nor eating fish, eggs nor meat, except that some among them would eat animals beaten to death
or thrown from a precipice, but not animals dying naturally. The “ saimuri wood ” is named from this
city though it is only brought thither for sale. — Much of the narrative of Musir ben Muhahil has
been preserved by Yakut!, and Kazwini (Gildem., and Yule).
“ 943 A. D. = Sth year of the ‘ thian-fou,’ accession of Tchou-tchoung-kouei, of the later Tsin ”
or Seventeenth dynasty (Chinese chron. table).
“ The same year” (A lst., and N ico l), at Rome, Stephanus IX. succeeded by Marinus II. or
Martinus II., sixty-fourth archbishop.
In this year ( = “ 332 A. H., comm. Sept. 3d,” Gildem.), Masudi, according to his own account,
wriling his “ Meadows of gold.” He speaks of the burning of widows with their deceased husbands
in Hindustan (Wilford as. res. ix. iS i), having visited Sind “ in 912” while quite a youth, and afterwards
Zanzibar and the Island of Kanbalu (Comoro ?), Champa, China, and the country of Zabaj
(Java?), besides travelling in Turkestan — (Yule cath. i. p. ex.). He died “ in 957 ” (Pouchet).
Hcrnandia sonora of wooded Tropical shores from the Malayan archipelago to the Samoan
Islands. The jack-in-a-box is a large tree called in Tagalo “ colon,gcolong ” (Blanco); and the free
bearing men and women on the island of Wak-wak in the Southern Ocean, mentioned by M a su d i,-
and Bakui (Yule 79), m aybe compared: Al Biruni denies that the island is named from a fruit shaped
like a human head which cries “ wak w ak: ” H. sonora was observed by myself frequent along the
seashore of the Samoan Tongan and Feejeean Islands ; by Rich, under cultivation at Otafu coral-island
from a drifted seed ; by Blanco, frequent along the seashore of the Philippines ; by Rumphiu.s ii. pl. 85,
on the Moluccas, its fibrous roots chewed and applied to wounds caused by the Macassar poison form
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