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“ In this year” (Clint.), after governing for some years the cities of Asia, the rhetor Herodes
Atticus consul at Rome ; Fronto being “ consul suffectus ” during two months.
“ 144 A. D .” (Wathen soc. calcutt. iv. 480, Tod, and Elph. iv. i), accession of Kanak Sena as king
at liallabi in Guzerat. He came from Oud, and founded a new dynasty.
Phyllanthus niruri of Tropical Asia. An erect branching small-leaved annual having a Sanscrit
name (Pidd.), and called in Malabar “ kirganelli ” (Rheede) or “ kirjaneilie,” in Tamil “ kilanelly,” in
Telinga “ neela-ooshireker” (Drur.) or “ nella userekee,” in Bengalee and Hindustanee “ sacla-hazur
munee ” (Lindl.) ; and from early times used as diuretic, and for other medicinal purposes ; * — observed
by Rheede x. pl. 15 in Malabar; by Graham, “ a common weed in gardens and cultivated lands ”
around Bombay ; by Burmann pl. 93, on Ceylon ; by Ainslie, aud Roxburgh, as far as Bengal ; by
Loureiro, in Anam (Steud.) ; and is described by Rumphius vi. pl. 17. Westward, was observed by
Grant “ by dwellings 2° N .” on the Upper N ile ; and is known to occur in Equatorial Africa as far as
the Atlantic (Benth. fl. nigr.). By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands (Boj.
i. 280) ; to Brazil, regarded there as a specific against diabetes (Mart.) ; to the W est Indies, not
mentioned by the older writers (A. D ec.), but at present occurring as far as the Pacific (Maycock,
Schlecht., and Benth. bot. Sulph.) ; to the environs of Marseilles, where it has been found growing
spontaneously (Castagne).
“ 145 A. D. = ‘young-kia,’ ist year of Hiao-tchoung-ti ” or Tchoung-ti, of the Han or Seventh
dynasty — (Chinese chron. table).
“ 146 A. D. = ‘ pen-tsou,’ ist year of Hiao-tchi-ti ” or Tchi-ti, of the Han or Seventh dynasty —
(Chinese chron. table).
“ The same year ” (inscript., Blair, and Clint.), introduction by Antoninus Pius of the worship of
Serapis into Rome ; and on “ May 6th,” the mysteries celebrated. The great sun-temple at Balbeck
in Syria was also built by Antoninus Pius (Lubke and Lutrow).
In the “ sandstone” quarry at Gertassee in Nubia, where stone was cut for the temple on Philæ,
“ about fifty-one ” Greek inscriptions, “ exvotos ” in honour of Isis ; belonging to the reigns of Antoninus
Pius, — Marcus Aurelius, Severus, and Philippus (Wilk. theb. and eg. 478).
About this time, “ 136 to 150 A. D .” (Clint.), the Christian treatise termed “ Pastor ” written in
Rome, by Hermas brother of Pius the bishop.
“ 147 A. D. = ‘ kien-ho,’ ist year of Hiao-hiouan-ti,” or Hiouan-ti, of the Han or Seventh dynasty
(Chinese chron. table). “ In his reign ” (Pauth. 267), beginning of commercial intercourse with foreigners,
through the port of Canton.
“ The same year ” (Vict., and Clint.), celebration of the Nine hundredth anniversary of the building
of Rome.
“ 150 A. D .” (Iren., and Clint.), Pius succeeded by Anicetus, tenth bishop of Rome.
“ The same year” (T ertull, and Clint.), the teaching of Marcion, founder of the Marcionite
sect.
“ 152 A. D .” (Blair), persecution of Christians stopped by Antoninus Pius.
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 381, and Nicol.)^ the earliest ecclesiastical Council on record. Held
at Pergamus in Asia Minor, and the opinions of Colarbas condemned.
* Phyllanthus urinaria of Tropical Hindustan. Distinguished from the last by its sessile flowers
and rough capsules, and called in Bengalee and Hindustanee “ hazar munee,” in Telinga “ yerra userek
e e ” (Lindl.) ; from early times, knovvn as a powerful diuretic : — observed by Rlieede x. pl. 16 in
Malabar; by Graham, “ common in Bombay during the rains ; ” by Ainslie, and Roxburgh, in other
parts of Hindustan ; and is termed “ herba mmroris rubra” by Rumphius vi. pl. 17. Transported lo
Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 183.
Phyllanthus simplex of Soutliern Hindustan. Called in Telinga “ uchi userekee” (Lindl.), and
from early times its fresh leaves bruised with buttermilk as a wash to the itch in children : — observed
by Retz v. 29 in Tranquebar; described also by Roxburgh; and according to Lindley, growing in
“ dry cultivated ground in the East Indies.”
Oxysiehna esculenta of Tropical Hindustan. The most beautiful of the Asclepias tribe, twining,
and called in Sanscrit “ dooghdka,” in Bengalee “ doodliee” or “ doodh-luta” or “ klrui,” in Telinga
“ doodee-palla” (L indl); and from early times, used in deco'ction as a gargle in aphthous affections : —
known to grow in Malabar and on Ceylon (P ers.) ; by Graham, as far as Bombay, generally on certain
“ almost leafless shrubs, where it shows ” its “ elegant blossoms to the liest advantage,” its own “ leaves
deciiJiious in the cold season ; ” by W. Jones, and Roxburgh, as far as B engal; by Wight, in other
parts Kti Hindustan, but he could not find that the natives eat it. Transported to Europe, is described
by Plukenet aim. p l 359.
“ 156 A. D .” (Blair), Attilius Titianus for aspiring to the empire, put to death by the Senate ; the
. of Antoninus P ius.—
only instance of proscription in the reign of Antoninus Pius.
“ About this tim e” (Lucian, and Clint.), in Paphlagonia, an oracle of Aesculapius and Apollo
founded by Alexander, a native of the country.
Arbictus nva-ursi of Subarctic climates. Called in Britain bearberry or bear's bilberry (Prior) ;
the Pontic medicine A P KO Y : C T A*Y A H C employed by Arrhabianus, — growing according to
Galen comp. med. vii. 4 in Pontus, a depressed shrub with leaves like those of “ mëmaikulô’"and
round red fruit, is referred here by writers : A. uva-ursi has not been observed in Greece, but is known
to grow throughout Siberia to Kamtchatka. Westward, is known to grow on the Appenines, Alps,
and Pyrenees (Savi, and D ec.), and from Britain and Ireland throughout Northern Europe as far as
Lapland and Iceland (fl. Dan. pl. 33, fl. Lapp. pl. 6, P ers, and H ook.). Farther West, is known to
grow from Arctic America throughout New England to Lat. 40° along the Atlantic (Pursh, and Conrad),
on the Saskatchewan in Lat. 54° (Drumm.), the Rocky mountains (James), and Unalascha in the
Pacific (Cham.). The leaves “ in the form of decoction and powder,” according to Pereira, and
Lindley, are “ used in nephritic” complaints.
“ 161, March 7 th ” (D io, and C lint), Antoninus Pius succeeded by Marcus Aurelius Antoninus,
sixteenth Roman emperor. Who at once associated Lucius Verus in the government. Separate
hieroglyphic ovals of the associate emperors, occur at Philæ — (Glid. analect.).
“ The same year” (coins, and Clint.), in Rome, dedication of the column 1
This column continues almost uninjured to the present day.
“ 162 A. D .” (Capitolin., and Clint.), the Roman territories in Asia invaded by the Parthians
under Vologesus, and Verus sent against him. — The war continued four years.
“ The same year” (Iren., and Clint, iv. p. 177), Anicetus succeeded by Soter, eleventh bishop of Rome.
“ 165 A. D .” (Amm. Marc., Hieronym., and Clint ) at the Olympic Games, self-immolation by
burning of the philosopher Peregrinus. The satirist Lucian being among the spectators.
“ 166 A. D .” (Euseb., and Clint.), persecution of Christians ; and Polycarp, who had seen
John and others of the apostles, put to death.
Celtis rournefortii of Asia Minor. A tree, said to have been raised from the staff of Polycarp,
— and planted before his tomb at Smyrna, appeared to Tournefort trav. iii. 292 to 380 the same
seen by himself farther East on the route to Tocat, little larger than a plum, and having yellow
styptic drupes. C. Tournefortii, transferred to the gardens of Europe, is described bv Miller
(Pers.).
“ 167 A. D .” (Galen xix. p. 15, Euseb., and C \m t),pestilence at Rome ; said to have originated
in Babylonia, and to have accompanied Verus and his companions throughout their return home.
Trees in Hyrcania whose leaves are sprinkled with honey, which uifless collected at sunrise disappears,
are mentioned by Quintus Curtius, — obviously honey-dew : Galen also speaks of a substance
like dew, foreign to but occasionally found on the leaves of plants (Ruel iii. 21).
One hundred and thirty-fourth generation. Sept. ist, 167, onward mostly beyond youth : Phrynichus
of Arabia (compare Hippocratic sentences) : the Greek poet Oppianus of Cilicia; the philosophers,
Alexander of Damascus, and Atticus ; the geographer Dionysius Periegetes ; the historians,
Amyntianus, Chryseros, and Pausanias ; the rhetors, Proclus of Naucratis, Demostratus, Theodotus!-
Alexander of Cilicia, Hermogenes, Chrestus, Athenodorus, Heracleides, Ptolemaeus of Naucratis!
Apollonius of Athens, and Onomarchus ; the Christian Greek writers, Athenagoras, Apollinaris of
Hierapolis, Meliton of Sardis, Musanus, Modestus, Miltiades, Heraclitus, Candidus, Dionysius of
Corinth, and Pinytus of Crete.
In this year ( = 185 — “ t8 years reign” in the Mahavamsa xxxvi.), Bhatia-tissa succeeded by
his brother Mula-tissa, now king of Ceylon.
“ 168 A. D. = ‘ kan-ning,’ ist year of Hiao-ling-ti ” or Ling-ti, of the Han or Seventh dynasty
(Chinese chron. table). Pie caused the five “ k in g” or canonical books to be engraved on marble.
Which transcript remained at the entrance to the Academy building “ seven hundred p. 267). years ” (Pauth
169, D ecem ber” (Capitolin., Clint., and Sm. biog. diet), death of the associate emperor Verus.
Galen, who had just joined the two emperors at Aquileia, accompanied M. Aurelius to Rome, and
was appointed physician to Commodus now “ nine ” years old.
Drosera rotundifolia of Northern climates. With other species called in Britain sujidew, by
Lyte “ sonnedewe,” in Germany “ sindau ” (Prior), and the “ epatica” growing according to Galen
“ in moist stony places and dew or a drop of water falling upon it ” — (Serapion, and Ort. san. 159),
mentioned also by Platearius, may be compared: D. rotundifolia is known to grow from the Alp?
and Pyrenees throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (fl. Dan. pl.
1028, Pers., Brot., Hook., and Wats.). Eastward, species of Drosera have not been observed in
67 i