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498 CHRONOLOGICAL A R R A N G EM E N T
i I m d i T T T f 'tX Z ™ Kersian and Hindustanee (Lindl.) , earned o Hindustan, and from early times cultivated there for medicinal use : — o“ bissperavgeodo lb ”v
bTazaatrs a n"hd used to prepare a mufcti"l"ag*"in'»o"u”s’ d"r"i"n kL oofytleen, pitrs essecerdibse do fa sa evmeroyl lcieonotl in(Dg rnuart.u).re sold i /t h !
The same year (Sueton. 16, Tacit, xv. 44, Tertull. apol. v., and C lint), confla»ration at Rome
i t ™ n V Z ® P yL on of the city : foiiowed by the “ First persecution ” of Christians. J o se p h / at the a,,e of twmity-six visaing Rome and introduced to Poppaea wife of Nero.
ttlhiee ddeefefa/ft ooff tthhee Ron ans undXer CT es'ti uWs Gallus . In Rome, Paul put to cdoematmh.e ncTinhge inch aJruod-æe aI, fw tihthe
Christians there devolving on Linus (2 Tim. iv. 21, Iren., aid Euseb.). ' “
Peter “ about the same tim e” put to death (Dionys. of Corinth) : was crucified with his head
Jdoohwnn wards at h.s own request - (according to Origan, Euseb. h. e. ii. 25 and iii. I) / e U p l of .XXI, i 8 was written subsequently to this event „ospei ot
.he r “ “tt *•
kings of Andra or inland Telingana was Varangul (Elph. iv. 2). ^
after “th66e ytru eD p.”e r(iCodlm ”)t ) hea rcreivleabl raotfe dN tehreo Oinly mGpriec egcaem.—esW. here, in the following «y ear «( “ two «vears
th eR /a t//£ //1 aZ ^ ^ ^ “"‘fi®'’ 0
histo°"® and thirtyffirst generation. A. D. 67, Sept. ist, mostly beyond youth • the Chinese
Z RM.f" A 1 T Pan-hoeï-pan : Justus of Tiberias ; the Greek philosophers Musomus
Rufus, Ammonius of Lamprae, and Euphrates ; the rhetors, Isaeus, and Ardys : the Christian
writers, Glaucias Menander the Simonian; the Latin writers, Ouintilianus, Silius Italicus Statius
and ^renhnus ; the Roman painters, Cornelius Pinus, and Accius Priscus (Bryan)
^ lerog6iy8p, hJiucn oev 9atlhs of( SGueatlboan .,o acncudr Colinn t E),g yNpetrioa ns umccoeneudmeden tbsy. GHailsb an, asmixet ho cRcuorms anb eesimdeose roorn coTihnes
issued in Egypt ; and m a Greek inscription at the Great Oasis, dated in his brief reign,
ru , 0 * e Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece “ pëtrôanarthSkôs ” fSibth 1 •
the K P A T I n n 0 V N A Pff H K 0 C prescribed by Andromachus the y o u n /r “ a 1 / L S 1 '
c Z / Z e X / is d e s Z d T * s to n y /tu itio n s / B o e /ia / d - C ;
(BeUfo l i d / S Z U Z Kedarkonta, its root “ fleshy,” and flowers “ deep blue, in dense spikes ”
£ k o o / . / / / ‘;2 j. ft« ft"'""® ""fi- -®fi- 381 used as a tonic, and called in H in d /.an ee
of Subtropical Hindustan. A species o iya m ; from early limes in Cashmere
Its roots used for washing woollen cloths and silk for shawls — (Powel punj and Drur ) ■ D deltoidel
rJNpepaail/ (ZGeribseabacchh íanndT AÍ. 5D/eUc.) £; hth e “ mfut”-kk elengue ” observed by^ RNhteoerdiea iv,i”i i.a npdl beyi iWn aMllaillhal ia5 rn oa n/d
the common yam, cultivated ” according to Graham around Bombay, may also be compared ’ ‘
Xym s riiflN , ""fi Burmah. Annual, a foot high, and called in Ben»alee “ clieena
f o /T it s T e k °" “ ft"ft' 'ft°°ft’” "róalabar “ kotsjelieti-pullu ” (Drui.) - from earll
n Malabb ar; by Nimm™o, °im "lt®hefi “ S®. "C™o nricnagnw”o (rGmr,a ihtacmh,) ,a nndea lrelpy raoss yf a1r -aosb sBeormvebda yb y lb/ ye Te Zd bf //Í phl //
E irp e ír llfta P+ S, l+ S '" tt"'”“"- „
Z / Z s / i r e . Z " ft™''"“ « “ ®"‘“ "ft’ °ft"®"™ft fty ft™ Bombay, in the
OF A C C OM PA N Y ING A N IM A L S A N D P L A N T S. 4 9 9
Rosa canina of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain brier-rose or dog-rose (Prior), in
Italy “ rosadi macchia” or “ rosa canina” or “ rosa selvatica” (Lenz), in Greece “ agria trianta-
phullëa,” in which we recognize the “ cynorrhodon ” or “ silvestris rosae ” whose root sent out to a
Roman soldier in Lacetania in Spain was found to cure hydrophobia — (Plin. viii. ,63 and xxv. 6); R.
canina is termed “ r. sylvestris vulgaris flore odorato incarnato” by Tournefort inst. 638; was
observed by Forskal near Marseilles ; and is known to grow also in Italy and throughout middle
Europe as far as Denmark (Curt. Iond. v. pi. 34, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Forskal,
Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus ; by Kaempfer,
and Thunberg, in Japan, and called “ foosen ” or usually “ ibara.” Conserve o f roses according to
Lindley is prepared “ from the pulpy fruit of this and probably other allied species.”
Arum crinitum of the W est Mediterranean countries. The “ dracunculum ” with a variegated
stem an inch in diameter, recently found in the same province of Spain — (Plin. xxv. 6), may be
compared : A. crinitum is described by Alton, and the younger Linnæus ; and is known to grow on
Minorca (Pers.).
“ 69, Jan. 15th” (Sueton., Tacit., and Clint.), Galba succeeded by Otho, seventh Roman emperor.
The hieroglyphic ovals of Otho occur on a propylon at Thebes ; and his name, on coins issued
in Egypt.
“ April 19th ” (T acit., and Clint), news received at Rome of the death of Otho. He was succeeded
by Vitellius : whose name also occurs on coins issued in Egypt.
“ Dec. 2ist ” (Jos., Dio, and Clint.), Vitellius succeeded by Vespasian, now ninth Roman Emperor.
The hieroglyphic ovals of Vespasian occur on the temple at Esneh, on a building at Thebes,
and on an obelisk (now in Rome).
“ 70 A. D .” (Jos., Sueton., Clint, and Kitt. cycl. bibl. lit.), after a siege of “ nearly five months,”
Jerusalem captured by the Romans under Titus ; bringing the Jewish war to a close. With the temple,
the city was now destroyed, “ three towers and a part of the Western wall ” being alone left
standing.
“ In this year” (A byss, chron., and C. Mull, geogr. min. p. xcvii), Za-Adgaba succeeded by Za-
Agba, now king of Abyssinia. — He reigned “ six months,” and was succeeded by Za-Malis, who
reigned “ six years ”
“ In the reign of Kei-ko ” (San-kokf transl. Klapr.), the barbarians of the East (A inos) making
an irruption inflicted much damage on the Japanese ; a thing that never before happened.*
“ 71 A. D .” (Jos., and Clint.), at Antioch, persecution of the Jews repressed by Titus. At
Rome (Oros. vii. 9), “ S ixth ” closing of the temple of Janus; the Romans being at peace with all
nations.
“ In this year ” (Jap. centen. comm. 88), accession of . . . . the son of Keiko, as dairo of
Japan.
* ííar/ra of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. A fungus growing on the trunks
of Larix leptostachys and called “ eburico” by the Ainos ; one of the two medicines knovvn to them,
employed internally against cholic, aíTections of the heart, vomiting, and worms — (San-kokf transl.
Klapr., and Sieb.).
Larix leptostachys of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called by the Japanese “ fuzi mats,”
and on account of the wood, — enumerated by Siebold among the useful plants of the Ainos. Observed
by Sehrenk on Krafto (Sachalin) as far North as Lat. 50° (Sieb. p. 90).
Urostelma ikema of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. An Asclepiaceous plant called
“ ikema ” or “ penpu ” by the Ainos, being the other medicine known to them ; employed both internally
and externally in tumours, wounds, “ rhumes très forts,” and fevers,— further described in the
San-kokf transl. Klapr. as creeping, growing also in the districts of Sendai and Simotske in Japan.
Known to Siebold only as growing'on Yeso.
Andropogon sp. of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ nino,” or by the Japanese
“ kaze gusa ?” (Sieb.) ; apparently the “ koutsi gousa ” or mouth herb of the Japanese, so named
from being employed by the Aino women to paint their lips green ; tattooingaxovcak with black material
figures of flowers or other objects, and the same on the back of the hands and feet — (San-kokf
transl. Klapr.).
Urtica mosl of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called “ utarpe,” or by the Ainos
‘ mosl,” and the fibres used by them for weaving co.rrse cloth— (San-kokf transl. Klapr., and Sieb.
p. 169).
Broussonetia? « /V « /o f Yeso and the neighbouring countries. A tree called “ ats’n i” by the
Ainos, the fibrous bark used by them for weaving coarse cloth — (San-kokf, and Sieb. p. 116
and 170).
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