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Barkook, head of the Borgite Memluk dynasty, introduced some changes in the administration
of government. Besides a college built by Barkook; the canal Bahr Scherkieh leading through the
middle of the Labyrinth, (according to Lepsius eg. and sin. 94) is also attributed to him.
A mosque and tomb were built by Barkook ; from this date (Wilk. theb. and eg. 3°7)> —
tombs of the Borgite Memluk kings are outside and Eastward from Cairo, being the mosqne-like
buildings so conspicuous in the Desert.
“ 1383 A. D.” (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Jensu II. succeeded by his eldest son Gokomatz, now
one hundred and first dairo of Japan.
“ In this year (= i6th year houng-wou of Tai-tsou,” Remus, mei. iii. 92), officials sent to Cambodia,
authorized to confer titles on the king, and examine the passports of Chinese travellers.
“ Not earlier than this date” (Tyrwhitt, and Way ed. pr. pm., Skeat gives “ about 1387”), Chaucer
writing his Canterbury Tales.
Dianthus pliim arius of Switzerland and the region around. The p ijjg e s n ie of Chaucer
c. t. 3268, —referred by Prior to one or more species of pink, may be compared ; D. plumarius has
been long cultivated in Britain, and since the time of Ray, and Dillenius, has been found growing
spontaneously'in the South (Wats.,'and Bab.). Except in the cultivated state, is unknown in France
and Westward, occurring however in Italy and Austria (Hall, helvet. 897, Koch, and A. Dec.).
“ 1384 A. D. = 17th year of the ‘houng-wou’ of Tai-tsou IV .” (Chinese chron. table), beginning
of the Sixty-eighth cycle.
“ The same year” (Alst.), Joannes V. succeeded by Andronicus IV. ; by consent of the Turks,
sixty-fifth Byzantine emperor.
“ 1385 A. D.” (Lubke and Lutrow), victory gained by king Juan of Portugal at Aljaruta. In
commemoration, he built the church of Batalha near Lisbon.
“ In this year” (J. R. Hind, and Humb. cosm. i. i), a comet whose orbit is known from Chinese
observations.
“ In this year” (Spreng. hist. med. vii. 7), Joannes de Dondis, a son of Jacobus, writing the
Herbolario, a botanical work. — He died in “ 1395.”
“ 1386 A. D.” (Lubke and Lutrow), the cathedral at Milan commenced : — finished “ in 1807.”
“ In the time of the Inca Pachacutec ” (Markham edit. Ciez. p. 242), Chimu-chanchu ruling the
Yuncas in the valley of Chlmu. After a long war with the Inca’s son Yupanqui, Chimu-chanchu consented
to abandon his own idols, “ figures of fish and other animals,” and “ worship the sun.” The
remains of the city of Chimu —between Truxillo and the sea, “ cover a space of three quarters of a
league, exclusive of the great squares,” and among the ruins is a palace built of stone and adobes
“ fifty yards high” (Rivero antiq. Peruv.).
“ In this year (= 19th year houng-wou of Tai-tsou,” Remus, mei. iii. 93), Lieou-min, Thang-king,
and other Chinese officials sent to Cambodia with porcelain vases for the king as a recompense.
“ 1387 A. D.” (Klapr. mem. i. 351), the Pheng hou Islands or Pescadores, between China and
Formosa, ravaged and their inhabitants removed by the Chinese.
“ The same year (= 20th houng-wou of Tai-tsou,” Remus, mei. iii. 93), on the return of Thang-
king and his companions, an ambassador with tribute, consisting of “ fifty-nine ” elephants and “ sixty
thousand pounds ” of petfumes, sent to China by Thsan-liei-phao-pi-sie-kan-phou-tche, king of Cambodia.
“ Nov. i6th” (Markham p. xxxvii), after the submission of Ispahan, a tumult excited by an
inconsiderate youth : Timour in consequence ordered a general massacre of the inhabitants. He
next marched to Shiraz, and had there a complimentary interview with the poet Hafiz,— who died
“ two years afterwards.”
“ In this year” (Alst.), Andronicus IV. succeeded by Manuel II. ; by consent of the Turks, sixty-
sixth Byzantine emperor.
“ The same year” (Alst. p. 216), marriage of Sigismund son of the emperor Carolus IV., leading
to his becoming king of Hungary.
“ The same year ” (Nicol.), a synod at Mayence. Thirty-six heretics were condemned to be
burned.
“ 1388 A. D.” (Alst. p. 22Ó), Murad succeeded by Bajazet, fourth Turkish sultan.
“ Oct. 23d (= 790 A. H. Ramzan 3” of Ferishtah, as. res. vii. 175, and Elph.), Firuz Toghlak
succeeded by Gheias-u-din Toghlak II., now seventeenth sultan of Delhi.
“ Nov. loth ” (Nicol.), a synod at Palermo. “ For the reformation of the clergy.”
In this year(= “ 1313 an. jav.,” Raffles), Mulana Ibrahim an Arab missionary having established
himself with other Mohammedans at Leran in Java, arrival there of his cousin the raja of Chermen
in Sabrang bringing a daughter whom he proposed to present in marriage to king Angka Wijaya.
After founding a mosque the raja made a visit to Majapahit, and returning to Leran his daughter with
other relatives within a few days sickened and died and he hastily left the island. Mulana Ibrahim
Ij
remained in charge of the tombs, and the Mohammedans acquired foothold. — The tombs of the princess
and three of her relatives continue to be pointed out.
In this year (= “ 21st year houng-wou of Tai-tsou,” Remus, iii. 94) tribute of perfumes and
“ twenty-eight” elephants with their attendants sent to China from Cambodia.
“ 1389, Feb. (= 792 A. H., Zi Plaj ” of Ferisht., Elph.), Gheias-u-din Toghlak II. succeeded by
Abubekr Toghlak, now eighteenth sultan of Delhi.
“ In this year” (Relation du Groenl. 2ti), queen Margaret having united Norway and Denmark,
and Henry bishop of Garde assisting in the assembly of the states in Denmark : certain merchants,
accused of going to Greenland without leave and taking the queen’s taxes, escaped punishment by
making oath that they were driven there by a storm and brought away only purchased merchandise.
The affair however tended greatly to discourage intercourse with Greenland. Sweden was also
united with Norway and Denmark by queen Margaret.
“ Nov. 2d” (Alst., and Nicol.), Urbanus VI. succeeded by cardinal Peter Tomacelli, now Bonifacius
IX., forty-seventh pope. Charles V. ruling France.
“ In this year (= 22d year houng-wou of Tai-tsou,” Remus, iii. 94), tribute thrice sent to China
from Cambodia.
“ The same year” (Clavig, and Humb. atl. pict.), Acamapitzin succeeded by Huitzilihuatl,second
Mexican emperor.*
Hibiscus sabdaniffa of Mexico. The rnselle is a large annual, called in Mexican ‘‘quauhxocolt ”
— (Hern.) : was observed by Descourtilz growing naturally in the West Indies, but by Swartz, and
Macfadyen, only under cultivation. Transported to Europe is termed “ sabdariffa” (the Turkish
name according to Drury) by Lobel hist., “ alcea americana” by Clusius rar. iv. 14. Said to grow
also naturally in Guinea (Desc ) : observed by Grant on the Upper Nile, cultivated in Unyoro 2°
N. and Ugani 3° for its seeds, bark, and leaves, its seeds roasted and eaten by the Wagani, its bark
making beautiful but short cordage, and its leaves eaten as “ spinage in the Land of the Moon, called
there ‘ tocos’was.’ ” Farther East, is clearly an introduced plant in Hindustan, is called in Malabar
“ polechee,” in Bengalee “ mesta” (Drur.) ; was observed by Wight, and Graham, under cultivation,
“ jellies, tarts, etc. are made of the calyxes and capsules freed from the seeds,” and according to
Drury is planted for its fibre in Rajahmundry; by Mason, “ exotic” in Burmah but “ very widely
diffused ” and called “ them-bau-khyen-boung,” its “ sour calyx ’’ making “ a fine flavoured jelly, and
preserve, which is a good substitute for cranberries.”
“ In this year” (geogr. Chin, transl. Klapr. 37), Tchhang king of Corea dethroned by one of his
guards Li-tchhing-kouei, and succeeded by Yao of the Wang family, f
“ 1390, August (= 793 A. H. Ramzan” of Ferisht, Elph.), Abubekr Toghlak succeeded by
Nasir-u-din Toghlak, now nineteenth sultan of Delhi.
“ In this year (= 23d year houng-wou of Tai-tsou,” Remus, iii. 94), tribute sent to China from
Cambodia.
“ In or about this year (Tourn. trav. ii. 386), at the demand of Bajazet, cadis established at
Constantinople, to adjudicate in cases arising between the Greeks and Turks.
“ t39i A. D.” (Giles six engl. chron.), a license to visit Rome obtained by Ricardus of Cirencester,
after forty-one vears service as a monk in the Benedictine monastery of St. Peter, Westminster.
“ 1392 A. D.” (geogr. Chin, transl. Klapr. p. 37), Yao dethroned by Li-tchhing-kouei, who under
the name of Tan now established himself king of Corea. He sent an embassy to the emperor of
China, who restored the titje Tchao-sian, which Corea bore when ruled by the Wang dynasty. “ At
this time” (Dallet p. xiii), the use of the Chinese calendar and Chronology was imposed on the
* Hoitzia coccínea of Mexico, With other species called “ huitzitziltzin ” (Pers.), and from early
times : —known to-grow here and there in Mexico, and frequent near Guanajuato (Cav. vi. pl. 365,
and Lam. ill).
Helonias frígida of the alpine summits of the mountains of Mexico. Called “ savoeja,” and from
early times known to be poisonous : — growing on the alpine portion of Orizaba ; “ horses that eat it
become stupified” (Schlecht. in Linn, vi. 46, and Lindl),
t Ginkgo biloba of Japan. In Corea, besides the grave of Khi-tsu, a grove according to the
traditionary account planted by Khi-tsu, consisting of trees having the trunk of the fir with elm-like
leaves that are eaten in times of scarcity. G. biloba was observed by Thunberg in Japan, and is
enumerated by him among the plants furnishing oil for eating and burning. Westward, a large tree,
referred to the Juan dynasty, was seen by Bunge near the temple of Tan-dshe-ssy in Northern China
(acad. petersb. 183s). Transported to Northeast America, a tree has continued in flourishing condition
in Boston more than forty years.
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