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“ 1124 A. D. (= 1784th of Synmu,” art de verif.), To-ba succeeded by his eldest son Sintoku,
now dairo of Japan.*
A c a c i a ( A l b i s z i d ) n e m i i of Japan. Having native names (Thunb.), and clearly not a Tropical
tree : — observed in Japan by Kaempfer v. 840, and Thunberg. Westward, the “ djul ibrzim ” seen
by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople, by Bory under cultivation in Greece, or the “ A. julibris-
sin” of Scopoli delic. pl. 8, seems identical. Transported to North America, this tree continues
planted for ornament in our Southern States, and was observed by myself well-grown and in flourishing
condition as far as Philadelphia.
“ After Dec. 12th ” (Nicol.), Calixtus II. succeeded by Lambert bishop of Ostia, now Honorius
II. seventh pope.
“ In or about this year” (Marcel), the Bathenians or Hassassins, a fanatical sect, founded by
Ismael: who, establishing himself in the mountains near Damascus, within the new Christian kingdom,
rendered himself formidable all around through his secret emissaries. — The Bathenians are
mentioned by Hedessi, and Benjamin de Tudela (Jost. p. 145, and note to Steinschneid. ii. 14) ; and
though said to have been exterminated by the Egyptian sultan Beybars, continued extant in the days
of Ebn Batuta ; and a remnant termed “ Fedouis,” was found in the environs of Laodicea by Van
Ghistele (Voyag. Belg.).
“ 1125 A. D.” (Lassen, and Buns. iv. 7. i), the Chronicle of Cashmere composed. Or (according
to Kalhana, and H. H. Wilson ind. dram. ii. 260) end of the reign of HarslTa king of Cashmere.
“ 1126 A. D. = ‘ king-kang,’ 1st year of King-tsoung IL, of the Soung” or Twenty-flrst dynasty
— (Chinese chron. table).
“ In or about this year ” (= 1156 — “ about 30 years,” G. de la Vega, and addit. art cle verif.),
Lloque Yupanqui succeeded by his son Mayta Capac, now fourth Inca of Peru. Who continued his
father's policy, making military conquests,} — and enlarged the bounds of his dominion.
* K e r r i a J a p ó n i c a of Japan. A weak-stemmed shrub whose flowers were dried and used
medicinally as early probably as this date: — observed by Kaempfer v. 344, and Thunberg, in Southern
Japan, growing spontaneously and cultivated besides for its ornamental yellow flowers; described
also by Houttuyn vii. pl. 45. Transported to Europe and North America, has become frequent in
gardens.
C y d o n i a J a p ó n i c a of Japan. Usually a shrub but sometimes becoming a tree, its fruit edible : —
observed in Japan by Kaempfer v. 8S4, by Thunberg, wild on Mount Fakon. Transported to Europe
and North America, the s c a r l e t - J l o w e r e d q u i n c e has become frequent in gardens.
S a x i f - a g a s a ? ' f ? i e n i o s a of Japan. Herbaceous and ornamental, with long creeping or pendent
stolons bearing propagated plants : — observed in Japan by Kaempfer v. 870, by Thunberg, among
the mountains of Niphon. Transported to Europe and North America, the plant has become a
favourite in parlours and greenhouses.
A m a r y l l i s ( N e r i n e ) S a r n i e ^ i s i s of Japan. A lily-like plant called in Anam “ tuyen thao,” in
China " hiuien tsao ” (Lour.); in Japan “ seki san ” or “ sibito banna ” (Thunb.), and its root known
to the natives as poisonous as early probably as this date: — observed in Japan by Kaempfer, by
Thunberg, on the hills around Nagasaki; by Loureiro, cultivated for ornament by the Chinese as
far as Anam. Transported to Europe, the “ narcissus Japonicus” according to Cornuti pl. 158 first
flowered “ in 1634” (see also Beckmann) : bulbs from a stranding vessel afterwards took root on the
seashore of Guernsey, where the plant maintained itself for many years (A. Dec.). By European
colonists, was carried to Austral Africa (Pers).
F u n k i a J a p o j i i c a of Japan. White-flowered and lily-like, cultivated there for ornament as early
probably as this date : — observed in Japan by Kaempfer v. 863, by Thunberg, both wild and cultivated.
Transported to Europe, the plant has become frequent in greenhouses.
H e i ? i e r o c a l l i s f u l v a of China and Japan. The d a y - l i l y is called in Anam “ ran hien,” in China
“ kim cham hoa ” (Lour.); in Japan “ ken” or “ kwanso ” (Thunb.), and cultivated there as early
probably as this date: — observed in Japan by Kaempfer v. 872, by Thunberg, growing spontaneously
here and there and often cultivated. ' Westward, was observed by Loureiro under cultivation
in China and Anam ; by Mason, “ exotic ” in Burmah, but no native name given ; by Roxburgh, ancl
Graham, “ in gardens ” in Hindustan “ introduced,” and no native name given ; the plant may have
reached Europe before the Voyage of Columbus, being termed “ lilium obsoleto flore rubens” by
Dodoens 204 (Spreng.). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues
frequent in gardens, and escaping according to A. Gray, has been sometimes found springing
up spontaneously.
t l o n i d i u m 7n i c r o p h y l l u 7n of the Equatorial Andes. A Violoid plant called at the foot of
Chimborazo “ cuichunchulli ” (Lindl.), and from early times regarded as a specific in tubercular ele-
“ In this year” (Angrim. Jonas, and Relation du Groenl. 201), the Greenland bishop Arnaud,
on his way to Norway, shipwrecked on Iceland: and among the articles thrown on shore were
•'dentes balenarum pretiosi ” [ M o 7i o c e r o s u n i c o r 7i u ' ) inscribed by some sailor with Runic letters so
that he could reclaim them. Arnaud or Arnold (according to Major edit. Zen, p. Ixv) set up the
episcopal seat at Gardar.
“ 1127 A. D. =: ‘ kien-yen,’ ist year of Kao-tsoung IL, of the Soung” or Twenty-first dynasty
(Chinese chron. table). The seat of government was removed by Kao-tsoung II. to Nan-king; —
and afterwards, farther South to Hang-tcheou (Pauth. 346).
“ November ” (Nicol.), in a synod at Troie, the excommunication of Roger II. Norman king of
Sicily for assuming the title “ duke of Pouille and Calabria,” was confirmed.
The same year r= “ ist year kien-yen ” (topog. Cant., and Pauth. 346), a great scarcity of metals
having been produced by over-exportation, clandestinely carried on in spite of the severity of the
laws, an edict: That many useless things being imported, p r e c i o u s s t 07i e s for rings etc. might be purchased
with s i l v e r , and if the foreigners were fraudulent the Chinese would be severely punished.
Oificers of the government were however permitted to receive e l e p h a 7i t s ' ' teeth, and 7' h Í 7i o c e r o s ^ horns.
Books in the Tagalo language written by the natives of the Philippine Islands as early probably
as this date.*
phantiasis — (Bancroft): observed by Humboldt and Bonpland pl. 495 among rocks at Lactacunga in
Quito.
A r r a c a c h a e s c u l e 7i t a of the Bogotan Andes. An Umbelliferous plant cultivated from early times
for its edible root: — described by Bancroft.
C e s t r u 77i M u t i s i i of the Bogotan Andes. Called there “ uvilla” (Humb. iv. 10), its fruit furnishing
a dye known from early times, — and to the present day used for ink in the city of Bogota:
observed and described by Humboldt and Bonpland.
F e s t u c a q u a d r i d e i i t a i a of the Equatorial Andes. A grass called “ pigouil” by the natives of
Quito (Lindl.), and known from early times as very poisonous and fatal to animals ; — observed by
Humboldt and Bonpland i. pl. i6o (Pereir. in med. gaz. xvii. pl. 6).
* U v a 7Ú a a 77i u y o 7t of the Philippines. A tree called in Tagalo “ arauyon ” (Blanco) ; its seeds
employed medicinaily, and according to the books of the country a counter-poison:— observedby
Blanco.
I 77i p a t i e u s ( H y d r o c e i ' d ) t r i f i o 7- a of Ceylon. Called in Tagalo and Pampango “ camantigui,” in
Bisaya “ Surañga” or “ solañga” (Blanco); and in ancient limes according to history, its leaves
used by women to paint themselves : — observed by Blanco cultivated by the natives on the Philippines;
by Blume, on Java; by Mason in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous ; by Hermann par. pl.
105, and Burmann pl. 116, in the marshes of Ceylon (Pers.).
M o c a 7i e r a t h u 7' i f e r a of the Philippines. A large tree called in Tagalo “ lavaan ” or “ sandana,”
in Bisaya “ lavaan” (Blanco) ; and in ancient time.s, used in ship-building— (P. Gaspar) : observed
by Blanco common in Bisayas, Tagalos, and elsewhere.
M o c a 7i e r a v e r i i i c i j l u a of the Philippines. A tree called in Tagalo “ malapaho ” or “ balao ” or
“ panao” (Blanco), yielding the fluid resin mentioned in the books under the name of “ malapajo ”
and “ balao,” — and to the present day sold for varnish: growing according to Blanco in Bisayas
and various places of the Tagalos, common.
M o c a ? i e r a g 7' a n d i J l o r a of the Philippines. A large tree called in Tagalo “ apiton ” or “ hapiton”
(Blanco), yielding a very similar resin, furnishing besides large canoes and planks for house-build-
ing:— observed by Blanco in Bisayas, Marinduque, Mindoro, and other places.
N a u c l e a l u i e a of the Philippines. A large Cinchonoid tree called in Tagalo “ bangcal,” in Pampango
“ bancal,” in Bisaya “ bancal” or “ gabag hanbabalos,” in Ylocano “ búlala” (Blanco) ; and
before the arrival of the Spaniards, used by the Bisaya for “ ataúdes ” for their dead ; — observed by
Blanco, the wood yellow.
P r e 77i 7i a o d o r a t a of the Philippines. A Verbenaceous tree called “ alagao,” in Bisaya “ adgao”
or “ pamuhat,” in Ylocano “ anobran,” in Pampango “ tanglay maloto ” (Blanco), and mentioned in
the books ; its dried flowers from early times employed medicinally: — growing on all the islands,
according to Blanco.
C l c 7' o d e i i d r o 7i f o r t u 7i a t u ! n of the Philippines. A Verbenaceous shrub called in Tagalo “ caso-
pañgil gubat ” (Blanco); and the superstitious belief giving rise to the name, as early probably as
this date: at the same time, cutting a flower of the unfortunate species was believed to cause the
breaking of some article in the house : — C. fortunatum was observed by Blanco on the Philippines ;
is described also by Osbeck trav. pl. 11.
C l e r o d e ? i d r o 7i Í 7i f o r l u ? i a t U 7n of Tropical Hindustan and the Malayan archipelago. A shrub
called in Sanscrit “ bhanti ” or “ bhantaca,” in Bengalee “ bhant” (J. F. Wats.), in Telinga “ bock